Degree Course: Imaging and Radiotherapy techniques Syllabus for A.Y. 2020/2021

Italian version

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90171 - I.C. Biological and biochemical foundations of living systems (objectives) The main objective of the course is to acquire knowledge relating to the physiological and morphological characteristics of cells, as functional units of living organisms. The key to any biological problem can, in fact, be sought at the cellular level. Another important goal is the use of the experimental method as a means of understanding the biological mechanisms that regulate life and a tool for the study of pathological processes. The course aims to introduce the student to the radiological discipline and to provide him with the basic knowledge of radiation physics and radiobiology. Knowledge of the main biological macromolecules. Knowledge of the functioning mechanism of enzymes. General knowledge of the main metabolic pathways and, in more detail, of the main pathway of glucose catabolism. The purpose of the Medical Genetics course is to provide students with the main knowledge on the inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize their transmission methods. Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial ethology are essential objectives.
- Applied biology (objectives) The main objective of the course is the acquisition of knowledge related to the physiological and morphological characteristics of cells, as functional units of living organisms. Another important goal is to utilize the experimental method to understand the biological mechanisms that regulate life and as a tool for the study of pathological processes. - Nardacci Roberta (syllabus) • Life origin. Cell theory. Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell. Bacteria and archaea. Viruses. • Structure and functions of biological molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Water and pH. • How to study cells (light and electron microscopes and the tools of biochemistry) • Cellular compartments and intracellular organelles (plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, lysosomes, vacuoles). • Molecules movement and cells. Passive transport, active transport, endocytosis (phagocytosis & pinocytosis), exocytosis. • The nucleic acids. DNA and RNA. Transcription and translation. Regulation of gene expression. • Cell cycle. Types of cell division in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes (mitosis and meiosis). • Protein biosynthesis. • Sexual reproduction and its evolutionary significance. • Tissue, stem cells, and Cancer. Genes that are critical for cancer: proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. (reference books) Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D. Johnson, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter. “Essential Cell Biology (Fifth Edition)”. W. W. Norton & Company. Published July 1st 2019	2	BIO/13	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Radiobiology (objectives) The course aims to introduce the student to the radiological discipline and to provide him with basic knowledge of radiation physics and radiobiology. - Altobelli Simone (syllabus) 1. Definition and physical principles of Radiation and distinction between types of radiation (Non-Ionizing Radiation and Ionizing Radiation). 2. Main sources of natural and artificial radiation. Radioactivity and radioactive decay 3. Effects of radiation on DNA and mechanisms of repair of radiation-induced damage; effects of exposure to radiation of tissues, organs and the whole organism 4. Use of radiation in Diagnostic Imaging (reference books) 1. Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed. 2. Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques 9th Edition by Lampignano John; Kendrick, Leslie E.	1	MED/36	10	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Biochemistry (objectives) To acquire basic knowledge on the structure, function and regulation of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins). To acquire basic knowledge on enzymes functioning and kinetics To acquire knowledge on the main metabolic pathways and cycles with particular regard to glucose metabolism. To acquire knowledge on oxidative/nitrosative stress in correlation to the radio-induced damage. - Lazzarino Giacomo (syllabus) Short summary of basic concepts of inorganic and organic chemistry - Chemical bonds, osmotic pressure, pH, buffers. Principles of the constituents of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, amino acids. Principles of structure and function of proteins. Hemoproteins and oxygen transport. Principles of enzymatic catalysis. The Michaelis-Menten equation, allosteric enzymes, enzymatic inhibition. Introduction to metabolism - Catabolism and anabolism. Principles of glucose and fatty acids catabolism: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and β-oxidation. The mitochondrion as the power plant of the cell: oxidative phosphorylation. Principles of the hormonal control of metabolism - Insulin and glucagon. Principles of the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: mechanisms of production – the physiological role and their involvement in the aetiology of degenerative diseases. (reference books) • Ashok Kumar J. “Textbook of Biochemistry for Nurses” II edition – 2012. I K International Publishing House • Any other texts covering the entire program	2	BIO/10	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology (objectives) Comprehension and knowledge of chemico-physical and molecular mechanisms which are at the base of vital processes. Knowledge of chemical compounds and comprehension of chemical reactions involved in biological processes. The study of these scientific subjects will allow the student to understand the molecular basis of relevant clinical processes and the principles of diagnostic and therapeutic application in clinical practice. - Morozzo della Rocca Blasco (syllabus) Introduction remarks. Periodic table of elements and inorganic nomenclature. Atom: atom models, atomic particles: proton, neutron, electron. Isotopes. Electrons and atom electronic configuration. The quantum-mechanical model of the atom. Quantum numbers and orbitals. Auf-bau. Chemical bonds. Matter states. Gas: ideal gas law. Absolute temperature and its relation with mean molecular speed. Mixture of gases; Dalton law. Liquids: vapor pressure of a liquid. Solids: structural characteristics of covalent, ionic, molecular and metallic solids. Solutions. Concentrations of solutions: dilution and mixing of solutions. Vapor pressure of a solution (Raoult law). Solubility of gases in liquids: Henry law. Chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium in gaseous phase. Expression of equilibrium constant. Kp and Kc relationship. Equilibrium influencing factors. Homogeneus and hetherogeneus equilibrium. Solutions of electrolytes. Strong and weak electrolytes: dissociation grade. Colligative properties of electrolyte solutions. Van't Hoff binomial. Acid and bases following Arrhenius, Bronsted and Lowry definitions. Strong and weak acid and bases. pH in strong and weak acid and base solutions. Buffers. Acid-base titrations. Heterogeneous systems. Equilibria of slightly soluble ionic compounds. The solubility-product constant. The effect of a common ion. Carbon atom hybridization. Hydrocarbons. Aromatic compounds. Benzene structure: resonance model. Aromatic compounds nomenclature. Alcohols, phenols, thiols. Nomenclature. Thiols. Aldehydes and ketones. Nomenclature. Aldehydes and ketones preparation. Carbonylic group. Acetals and hemiacetals formation. Aldol condensation. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Nomenclature. Carboxylic acid derivatives: esters, anhydrides, amides. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino acids, Proteins and Vitamins. Principles of energetic metabolism. (reference books) Peter Atkins , Loretta Jones, Leroy Laverman Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight Chemistry by M.S. Silderberg, McGraw-Hill International Edition. Katherine J Denniston, Joseph J Topping and Robert L Caret. General, Organic & Biochemistry. 7th Ed. 2010. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.	2	BIO/12	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Genetics (objectives) The aim of the course of Medical Genetics is to provide to students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases. - D'Apice Maria Rosaria (syllabus) Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms: gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, dominance, recessivity, codominance. Mutations and polymorphisms. Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid Crosses, Segregation in Human Pedigrees, Blood groups Genetics Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal inheritance,Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees Chromosomes: Structure and Analysis, Chromosomes Pathologies Multifactorial inheritance: polimorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies Genetic tests. Outlines (reference books) Lectures in pdf format will be provided to students. Recommended books: “Medical Genetics” by Lynn Jorde John Carey Michael Bamshad. Edited by Elsevier	1	MED/03	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Microbiology (objectives) Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main microbial aetiologies are essential objectives. These objectives will be achieved through frontal lectures, seminars and interactive teaching activities, designed to facilitate learning and improve the ability to identify potential microbiological problems during professional activity. - Armenia Daniele (syllabus) Basic principles of microbiology Morphology and structure of the bacterial cell Structure of bacterial spores and sporulation process Gram stain and staining for acid resistance Metabolism, growth and bacterial replication Sterilization, disinfection, asepsis Morphology of viral particles Cell tropism and host spectrum Viral enzymes Classification of viruses Stages of viral replication Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis Demonstration of causal nature between pathogen and disease: Koch postulates Normal microbial flora of our organism "Host-microorganism" interactions: Commensalism -Mutualism - Parasitism Factors that influence the "host -microrganism" balance Mode of transmission of the infection Stages of the infectious process Factors of bacterial virulence Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and of interaction with the host: Transmission mode Stages of the infectious process Localized and disseminated infection State of persistence and latency Viral oncogenesis Cytopathic effect induced by viruses Expression of genes and / or cellular proteins (reference books) Title: The basics of Microbiology Authors: Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe Bruce D. Fisher	1	MED/07	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
90172 - I.C. Anatomy, histology and human physiology (objectives) At the end of the course, the student must be able to: Describe the macroscopic organization of the human body, using anatomical terminology appropriately; describe the main body cavities; describe the individual organs of the various apparatuses and systems from a macroscopic, microscopic and topographical point of view. The purpose of the teaching is, starting from the knowledge of the basic concepts and normal quantitative parameters of body functions and their variations in the different conditions of dynamic engagement, to develop in the student the ability to understand the principles of the functioning of the human body. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis will then be analyzed in the context of changes in the environment. Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics with particular regard to the processes underlying the radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed.
- Human anatomy and radiological anatomy - Sciamanna Giuseppe (syllabus) LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM. (11hs) Skeleton: skull, vertebral column and main bones of the trunk, superior limb, inferior limb, pectoral and girdle and pelvis. Joints structure and classification, movements. Joints: Temporo-mandibular joint, shoulder joint, intervertebral joints, sterno-clavicular joint, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, wrist and hand joints. Hip joint, joint of the knee, ankle. Muscolar system. Axial musculature: main muscles of the head and neck, tongue, muscle of the pharynx of vertebral column, diaphragm, muscles of the perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Appendicular musculature: muscle of the pectoral girdle and upper limb, muscles that move the harms, muscles that move the elbow, pronators an supinators. Muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs: muscles that move the thigh and leg. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (8hs). Heart, thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta. The Willi’s polygon. Coronary circulation. Main arteries of superior and inferior limbs. Venous system. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and their main branches in the thorax and abdomen. Main veins of the superior and inferior limbs. Portal circulation. Foetal circulation. Generalities on the lymphatic system. SPLANCHNOLOGY (11hs). Systemic and microscopy anatomy of digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine Systems. NEUROANATOMY (10hs). Spinal cord: segmental and internal organization: gray matter, ascending and discending tracts. Spinals nerves, plexuses and reflex arcs. Brainstem (Medulla oblungata, Pons, Mesencephalon): internal and external structure. Cranial nerves: nuclei and innervation. Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus): internal and external structure. Thalamic nuclei. Telencephanlon: internal and external structure. Anatomical and functional organization of cerebral cortex. Allocortex. Basal Ganglia. Cerebellum: internal and external structure. Ventricular system. Meninges. Brain blood vessels and dural sinuses. Sensory system: spinothalamic, tacts, fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. Pain conduction. Visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactor and limbic system. Motor system: pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Motor nuclei. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Enteric nervous system. (reference books) 1) Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy, 2) Tortora: Human Anatomy, 4) Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas	4	BIO/16	40	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Radiological anatomy (objectives) Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics in particular regarding the processes that are at the basis of radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed. - Altobelli Simone (syllabus) 1. Radiographic anatomy of the head-neck region 2. Radiographic anatomy of the chest 3. Radiographic anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis 4. Radiographic anatomy of the limbs (reference books) 1. Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed. 2. Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques 9th Edition by Lampignano John; Kendrick, Leslie E.	1	MED/36	10	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Histology (objectives) The course aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student must be able to acquire a correct terminology and develop skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate in Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Techniques, will have to use in the planning and management of work activities. - Massimiani Micol (syllabus) Preparation of tissues for histological analysis Microscopy, preservation of biological structures, stainings. Epithelial tissues Classification of epithelia, polarity of epithelial cells, junctions, absorbent epithelia, glandular epithelia. Connective tissues Connective tissue proper: extracellular matrix and connective cells. The different types of connective tissue proper. Adipose tissue. Blood and hematopoietic tissues. Supportive connective: cartilage and bone. Muscle tissue Skeletal muscle: structure of muscle fibers, contraction mechanism, diversity of muscle fibers. Cardiac muscle: structure of cardiomyocytes and myocardial conduction mechanism. The smooth muscle. Nervous tissue The neuron. Glial cells. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves. (reference books) “Bloom and Fawcett's Concise Histology”, Don W. Fawcett, Ronald P. Jensh, William Bloom – 2nd Edition - Hodder Arnold.	1	BIO/17	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Human physiology (objectives) The aim of the teaching is to provide the knowledge of the fundamental physiological mechanisms of human functions. The course includes the acquisition of knowledge on the operating principles of the organs that compose the human body, and their dynamic integration into apparatuses and systems for maintaining body homeostasis in the context of changes in the environment. The course will allow to acquire the ability to independently apply the knowledge of organ and system functioning mechanisms to situations of potential functional alteration. At this regard, the students will also need to know the main indicators and normal parameters of human physiological functions, and the related measurement methods. These objectives will be achieved through lectures, seminars and interactive teaching activities, aimed at facilitating learning and improving the ability to solve simple physiological problems. - Pellicciari Maria Concetta (syllabus) INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY AND HOMEOSTASIS: Description of physiological mechanism. Structure-Function relationships of the body. Levels of organization in the body. Concept of Homeostasis. Homeostatic Control Systems. CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PLASMA MEMBRANE: Membrane transport of ions and molecules. Membrane potential and action potentials. Synapses and neuronal integration. Intercellular communication and signal transduction. Neurotransmitters. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY: Motor unit, neuromuscular junctions. Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle contraction and mechanics. Physiology of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Functional organization of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: afferent and efferent divisions. Role of glia cells. Autonomic nervous system. Integrative functions of nervous system. CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY: Anatomy and electrical activity of the heart. Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac output and its control. General principles of hemodynamics. Blood vessels and blood pressure. Blood and hemostasis. PHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: General principles of endocrinology. Principles of general functioning of hormones. Central and peripheral endocrine glands and their hormones. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis. Control of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Physiology of male and female reproductive system. PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Respiratory anatomy and mechanic. Gas exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Control of respiration. PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM: Elements of renal function: kidney and nephron. Glomerular filtration. Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Urinary tract. Ureter, bladder and urethra. Urine excretion and plasma clearance. PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Digestive tract and accessory digestive organs. General aspects of digestion. Secretory function of digestive system. Motility of digestive tract. Nutrient digestion and absorption (reference books) Sherwood “Human Physiology”. Publisher: Cengage Learning, Inc. Koeppen and Stanton “Berne & Levy Physiology”. Publisher: Elsevier. Guyton and Hall “Textbook of Medical Physiology”. Publisher: Saunders.	2	BIO/09	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
90173 - I.C. Information technology, statistics and physics applied to radiological sciences (objectives) Although there are no prerequisites, minimum basic knowledge of mathematics, physics and basic statistics are required.
- Medical statistics applied to radiological sciences (objectives) Principles of medical statistics including parameters for descriptive analysis (mean, median, mode and measures of frequency distribution for categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance, standard deviation and confidence intervals); principles of inferential statistics (the use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression modelling. - Lanini Simone (syllabus) 1. Variables: continuous, binary, ordinal, categorical. 2. Outcome and exposure inferential statistics. 3. Mean, median, mode, variance, standard errors and proportion. 4. Linea regression model 5. Multiple regression model and confounding 6. Nonlinear regression models (reference books) Epidemiology: Beyond the Basics / Edition 4 by Moyses Szklo, F. Javier Nieto ISBN-10: 128411659X; ISBN-13: 9781284116595; Pub. Date: 05/02/2018; Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning	1	MED/01	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Information technology applied to radiological sciences (objectives) The course intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the essential role of Information Technology (IT) in our society, and specifically in the context of health-related technical professions. - Bocciarelli Paolo (syllabus) • Introduction to IT systems • The hardware part of IT systems (CPU, memory, Input/Output) • The software part of IT systems: system software (operating systems and utility programs), application software (word processing, spreadsheet, database, etc.) (reference books) Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning	2	INF/01	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Data processing and storage (objectives) The course intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the role of Information Systems and their lifecycle, specifically focusing on database management systems. - Bocciarelli Paolo (syllabus) • Introduction to IT systems • The hardware part of IT systems (CPU, memory, Input/Output) • The software part of IT systems: system software (operating systems and utility programs), application software (word processing, spreadsheet, database, etc.) (reference books) Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning	2	ING-INF/05	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Basics of physics and radiations physics (objectives) The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics course within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the course, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy. - CARIDI FRANCESCO (syllabus) • Introduction, measurement, estimating • Describing motion: kinematics in one dimension • Two-dimensional kinematics; Vectors • Dynamics: Newton's laws of motion • Circular motion; Gravitation • Work and Energy • Oscillations and waves • Electric charge and electric field • Electric potential • Electric currents • DC circuits • Magnetism • Electromagnetic induction and Faraday's law • Electromagnetic waves • The wave nature of light • Optical instruments • Early quantum theory and models of the atom • Nuclear physics and radioactivity • Nuclear energy; Effects and uses of radiation (reference books) Douglas C. Giancoli “PHYSICS: Principles with Applications” Seventh edition or subsequent, Pearson Education. Inc	3	FIS/07	30	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90174 - Diagnostic imaging techniques 1 (objectives) Minimum basic knowledge of human anatomy, general and atomic physics is required.
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy (objectives) The course aims to provide to the student knowledge of physiologica, physiopathological, clinical and diagnostic application of the imaging technique in order to optimize scientific and tecnical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this technical application is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. - Argirò Renato (syllabus) • Heart and mediastinum. • Lesions of the lung parenchyma and pleura: pathology and radiological imaging. • X-ray of the abdomen. • Fractures. • Inflammatory and neoplastic joint and bone lesions. • Joint and bone neoplastic and degenerative lesions. • Skull (study of the sellar region, study of the facial massif, study of the occipital scale). • Cervical • Dorsal • Lumbar • Sacred • Homer • Elbow • Radio and ulna. • Carpo. • Ribs • Clavicle. • Sternum. • Hip (study of the iliac wings, study of the sacroiliac joints). • Coxo-femoral joint. • Femur. • Knee. • Tibia and fibula .. • Tibio joint. • Foot. • X-ray of the whole spine. • Orthopantomography. • Chest. • Abdomen. • Radiological studies in first aid patients. • Radiological studies in outpatient patients. • Pediatric Radiological studie. • Radiological studies in prengancy. • Notes on patient informed consent. • Radiological study of the breast. (reference books) • Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors	2	MED/36	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical sciences and techniques (objectives) The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to use radiological equipment correctly. The teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. - Santarelli Federico (syllabus) X ray remote controlled • thoravision • orthopantomograph • computerized bone mineralogy (m.o.c) • tomograph • mobile radiological systems • direct and indirect digital image detection systems (reference books) • Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors - Pacifici Stefano (syllabus) • Senology and breast radiographer • Physical and biological conditions for the formation of the mammographic image • History of mammography, from analog to digital imaging • Mammographic technique • Mammography artifacts • Criteria of correctness and self-assessment of the quality of the exam performed • Additional/Special views • Communication and relationship (reference books) • Pacifici S. “Lo standard di qualità nella mammografia di screening”. MB Edizioni • Hogg, Kelly, Mercer (Eds.). “Digital mammography. A holistic approach”. Springer - Varchetta Celestino (syllabus) Execution of conventional AP and LL projections of skeletal districts • Execution of special screenings: (axial, obligatory, tangential, etc.) • Execution of examinations in clino or orthostatis. • Radiation protection regulations in force, and technical applications. • Performing contrastographic examinations: • RX Esophagus • RX Stomach • RX Digestive system • RX Opaque Clisma • RX Urography • RX Cistouretrografia • RX Hysterosalpingography • RX Defecography (reference books) CLARK’S Positioning in Radiography A.Stewart Whitley, Charles Sloane, Graham Hoadley, Adrian D.Moore, Chrissie W.Alsop HODDER ARNOLD. THE WHO MANUAL of DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Radiographic Anatomy, interpretation of the Muscoloskeletal System A.Mark Davies, Holger pettersson HOLGER PETTERSSON	6	MED/50	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90175 - I.C. General Hygiene, Radiological Instruments and Radiological protection (objectives) The course has objectives in terms of knowledge concerning both clinical problems related to the work activity and the rules that regulate the correct behavior in the workplace, designed to protect the health and safety of the worker as well as any third parties. Other learning objectives are in terms of ability and concern the correct actions to be taken in the event of accidents or occupational diseases. The two previous objectives act as a corollary to the third learning objective, consisting of learning in terms of expected behaviors related to responsibility, as potential employers, towards collaborators and employees. The course aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that computer networks and communication devices play for today's society, also introducing the related challenges in terms of security and privacy.
- Electronics and Information Technology (objectives) The course intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the essential role of computer networks and communication devices in our society, along with the relevant security and privacy issues. - Bocciarelli Paolo (syllabus) • Introduction to computer networks • Topology, architecture and size of computer networks • Communications protocols and networking standards • The Internet and the Web • Security and privacy issues at Internet time (reference books) Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning	2	ING-INF/07	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Radiological protection (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide students with the basic concepts for acquiring information on Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy equipment and their indications, as well as providing the basic notions of Radiation Protection. The acquisition of knowledge, both in the form of lectures and with the support of lecture notes provided by the Teacher, and the ability to understand are stimulated and controlled during the course and verified, at the end of the course, by final exam. - Pasquarelli Roberto (syllabus) EQUIPMENT: Physical foundations, equipment technicians and main clinical indications: Ultrasound (US); analogic/digital radiology (RX); Computerized Bone Mineralometry (CBM); Mammography (MX); Computed Tomography (CT); Magnetic Resonance (MR); Nuclear Medicine (NM); Hybrid equipment (PET/CT); Interventional Radiology (IR); Radiotherapy (RT).-RADIATIONS: Natural and artificial sources of radiation. Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) and Ionizing Radiation (IR). Radioactivity and radioactive decay. -RADIOBIOLOGY: biological effects of ionizing radiation on the human species; Tissue Radiosensitivity Scale; stochastic, deterministic and genetic effects; Acute irradiation syndrome.- RADIATION PROTECTION: Historical and legislative premises; National and international organizations for radiation protection; The Ethical Principles of Radioprotection; Dosimetric quantities and Dosimetry; Physical Surveillance; Medical Surveillance; Generaland specific norms of Radioprotection; Devices for Protection against Ionizing Radiation (individual, collective, environmental); Irradiation, Contamination and Decontamination. Disposal of Radioactive Waste.-RADIATION PROTECTION IN FERTILE AGE AND IN PREGNANCY: Normative; Effects on the product of conception.- HOSPITAL INFORMATIC SYSTEMS AND TELERADIOLOGY. RADIOPROTEZIONISTIC INTEREST:Presidential Decree n. 185/1964; Legislative Decree 19/9/1994, n. 626; Legislative Decree 17/3/1995, 230; Legislative Decree 26/5/2000, n.187; Legislative Decree 9/4/2008, n. 81; Directive 2013/59 / EURATOM. (reference books) The slides of the lessons will be given to the students by the teacher.	2	MED/36	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Workplace safety (objectives) The main targets of the course are related both to clinical issues regarding the occupational setting and the legislation stating the correct rules at work, in order the preserve the health and safety of the workers and, in some cases, also of other persons.. Other learning targets are the ability to perform correct actions in the case of accidents or occupational diseases. These two targets are propedeutical to a third learning target regarding the expected behaviour to be held from the side of the employer with respect to the employes. - Pietroiusti Antonio (syllabus) Occupational Medicine in historical context Legislation (Decree 81/2008) Occupational disease and occupational accident Health Surveillance Risk related to physical, chemical and biological agents Health effects of noise and optical radiation exposure Health effects of ionizing radiations Work-related stress (reference books) Health and Safety in Organizations. D.A.Hofman and L.E.Tetrick Editors. Published by Pfeiffer ,2003	3	MED/44	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90177 - Annual clinical practice - Santarelli Federico	17	MED/50	-	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90226 - Information Technology/Seminar activities - Varchetta Celestino	2		-	10	-	-	Other activities	ENG
90176 - professional laboratory - Pietroiusti Antonio	1		-	-	10	-	Other activities	ENG

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90178 - I.C. Medical and clinical sciences 1 (objectives) The educational purposes of the teaching are oriented to provide students with the necessary knowledge of orthopedic and traumatological pathology in adulthood and developmental age with particular attention to degenerative and traumatic injuries of the joints (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle). For each pathological condition, the classification criteria, the main clinical signs, the necessary radiographic projections as well as the most appropriate radiological techniques for the definition of the pathology will be described. The student will have to know the predisposing conditions and the clinical characteristics of the different solid neoplastic pathologies for the definition of a diagnostic procedure. The knowledge of prognostic and predictive factors according to the characteristics linked to the neoplasm and the patient, will allow to understand the management strategy of the different tumors, taking into account the therapeutic options applicable in the various stages of the disease and their side effects in order to integrate the knowledge of the professional profile with a view to multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, the student, possessing the basic notions relating to Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, will be able to further enrich his / her skills with those of other professional healthcare professionals. The student must acquire theoretical knowledge relating to real and radiographic anatomy and to the main pathologies of the jaw bones and the stomatognathic system. He must also identify the main diagnostic questions posed by the dental specialist and know the radiographic examinations relevant to this district.
- Diseases of the Locomotive system (objectives) The educational goal of teaching are aimed at providing students with the necessary knowledge of orthopedic and traumatological pathology in adult and chilwood with particular attention to degenerative and traumatic joints lesions (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle, etc.). For each pathological condition the classification criteria, the main clinical signs, the necessary radiographic projections as well as the most appropriate radiological techniques for the definition of the pathology will be described. - Padua Roberto (syllabus) • Introduction to musculoskeletal disease ◦ Bone lesion ◦ Muscle lesion ◦ Capsuloligamentous injuries • Traumatic pathology ◦ Fractures ◦ Dislocations ◦ Sprain • Shoulder pathology • Pathology of the knee • Hip pathology • Foot pathology • Spine disease • Pediatric pathology • Outlines of oncological pathology (reference books) Greene Walter . “Netter's Orthopaedics” Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, United States (2006) ISBN 10: 1929007027 ISBN 13: 9781929007028 - BOVE GABRIELE (syllabus) • Introduction to musculoskeletal disease ◦ Bone lesion ◦ Muscle lesion ◦ Capsuloligamentous injuries • Traumatic pathology ◦ Fractures ◦ Dislocations ◦ Sprain • Shoulder pathology • Pathology of the knee • Hip pathology • Foot pathology • Spine disease • Pediatric pathology • Outlines of oncological pathology (reference books) Greene Walter . “Netter's Orthopaedics” Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, United States (2006) ISBN 10: 1929007027 ISBN 13: 9781929007028	2	MED/33	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical oncology (objectives) Students will need to know the predisposing conditions and the clinical characteristics of the various neoplastic diseases in order to define a diagnostic procedure. The knowledge of prognostic and predictive factors linked to the characteristics related to the neoplasm and to the patient, will help to understand the strategy for the management of different tumors, taking into account the therapeutic options available in the various phases of the disease and their side effects in a risk/benefit assessment perspective in order to achieve useful skills for collaboration with multidisciplinary teams. In addition, students through their basic notions on diagnostic imaging and interventional radiology will be able to further integrate the competency of their own professional profile with that of other health figures in the technical-diagnostic professional group. - Riondino Silvia (syllabus) ◦ Epidemiology of cancer and prevention ◦ Prognostic and predictive risk factors ◦ Carcinogenesis, cancer growth and proliferation, cancer immune tolerance ◦ Assessment and investigations of patients with cancer, including history, physical examination, laboratory and imaging techniques. Performance Status Evaluation (Karnofsky and ECOG scores) ◦ Tumour staging ◦ Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) ◦ Principles of therapy of oncological diseases and clinical effects of therapeutic approaches used: Surgery, radiotherapy, cytotoxic approach (neoajuvant, adjuvant, metastatic and palliatives approaches), target therapy and immune anti-cancer agents. Drug resistance ◦ Management of medical emergencies and complications resulting from cancer or its treatment. (reference books) Chmielowski B., Territo M.C. Manual of Clinical Oncology. Ed: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 9781496349576	3	MED/06	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Elements of stomatological diseases (objectives) Theorethic knowledge of real and radiographic anatomy, of the main congenital and acquired pathology of the stomatological apparatus and maxillary bones. The student must be able to identify the main radiographic examinations needed to make diagnosis in this area and the main diagnostic questions of the Dentist. The individual diagnostic-prognostic-therapeutic-dental procedure requires to be accompanied not only by a clinical-objective examination but also by appropriate instrumental and diagnostic investigations. In fact, the recognition of a pathological condition requires a good knowledge of the normal radiographic anatomy and its variants. The purpose of odonto-stomatological radiology is to highlight the anatomical structures of the orofacial district, both in terms of soft and hard tissues, thus allowing the evaluation of structures which are not clearly evident on direct examination by a specialist. The goal of the most advanced radiographic diagnostic systems is to give the greatest amount of information with the least amount of exposure to ionizing radiations. Starting from the basic dental panoramic scanning dental X-ray, radiological investigations must be observed in the context of a set of integrated methodological possibilities, always keeping in mind clinical indications, and proceeding, if necessary, with the aid of complementary methods. - Mortellaro Carmen (syllabus) Main anatomical structures and pathophysiology Anatomy of the orofacial district and stomatognathic system with particular reference to dental elements: Eruption period Deciduous and permanent elements Eruption anomalies Anomalies in shape, volume, number, structure, position, location Retentions, disodontiasis, partial and total inclusions of the third molars Dental traumatology Tooth decay periodontopathies Apical osteolytic lesions Cranial facial growth from birth to adulthood Main diagnostic and methodological tests or exposure to all areas subject to the diagnostic question, offering the dentist a complete view of the patient's anatomy. Dental Panoramic Radiography (Orthopanoramic, Orthopantomography or OPT) a diagnostic examination of the two complete dental arches and of the maxillofacial district. The dental overview is needed to have a global view of the state of the teeth, of the mandibular and maxillary bone, of the joints and of the gingival tissues. It allows a quick overview of a patient's dental and oral status. It is carried out using a specific X-ray apparatus (panoramic radiograph or orthopantomograph) which allows to impress a digital sensor placed mirror-like to the source that rotates around the patient's head. Direct digital technique During data acquisition the camera displays images in real time. The high resolution sensor and the advanced characteristics of the source of the rays allow to obtain images with high diagnostic value and with a dose of radiation to the patient 30-50% less than the traditional film technique. This exam allows to display all the areas in just one exposure, offering the dentist a complete view of the patient's anatomy. Endoral or intraoral radiography is a diagnostic examination of some dental elements, used to specifically visualize the anatomy of the individual element (crown, tooth root, gum tissue) when a circumscribed pathology is suspected. It is performed using a specific X-ray device (intraoral) which allows to impress a small phosphor plate placed intraorally in correspondence with the element object of the diagnostic question. Being a targeted exam, it allows you to view and monitor the areas in question projected with an angle more suited to the single element. Bitewing intraoral radiography on film of about 3 x 4 cm., which allows to see some upper and lower teeth simultaneously. It allows early detection and diagnosis of hidden caries or gum problems. Periapical radiography intraoral radiography of the same size as the previous one, which allows a complete view of a tooth, from the crown to the apex of the root and the surrounding tissues. It allows the identification of abscesses, cysts, caries and is used "routinely" during endodontic treatment Teleradiography (in latero-lateral, anterior posterior and sub-vertex cranial projections) Extra-oral radiography, which allows to see all the dental elements, the bones of the oral cavity, the skull and the face in the three projections, on a film about 18 x 24 cm in size. It is useful, above all, during orthodontic treatment. Dental CBCT (Cone Bean Computed Tomography) radiography that provides a three-dimensional image of bony and dental structures. It allows, among other things, to study the characteristics of bone tissue in relation to a dental implant intervention, the relationships of a tooth in bone inclusion with neighbouring nerve structures and adjacent elements. Note: the radiographic images obtained require the organization of a computer database that allows them to be stored over time. (reference books) White and Pharoah's Oral Radiology. Principles Interpretation. 8th Edition Sanjay M.Mallya Ernest W.M. Lam Elsevier - Signorini Luca (syllabus) -Maxillofacial and stomatognatic apparatus anatomy Mentions on the mail pathologies: -Teeth anomalies (shape, volume, number, structure, position, seat) -Dental thraumas -Decays - Periodontal diseases -Apical periodontitis -Cysts of maxillary bones - Main odontogenic tumors, of the maxillary bones and of the salivary glands -Jaws fractures -TMJ disorders - X-rays examinations utilized for diagnosis of the previus pathologies: Periapical x-rays, orthopanoramic, Skull projections, Cone beam CT scan, Spiral TC scan, MRI (reference books) 1. Oxford Handbook of oral and Maxilofaccial surgary. Cascarini, Shilling, Gurney, Brennan. Oxford University Press 2018 2. Oxford Handbook of clinical dentistry. Mitchell, Mitchell, Longridge, Clarke, Aftab. Oxford University Press 2019 3. Dental Radiography. Principles and tecniques. Iannucci, Howerton. Elsevier 2016	2	MED/28	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90179 - I.C. Economis and social and international politics (objectives) Although there is no prerequisite, basic concepts of microbiology, statistics and epidemiology are necessary with particular reference to the transmission of microorganisms in the community and in the care structures.
- General and applied hygiene (objectives) Learning objective of the teaching is the knowledge of the aims of the health system and organizational models at international, national and local level. Main objectives include knowledge of the general principles of hygiene and public health, and of health promotion. These objectives, in turn, include knowledge of the specific ways of transmission of infections; the epidemiological chain; the main healthcare associate d infections; roles and characteristics of the epidemiological studies; data of the epidemiological studies on healthcare associated infections; the concepts of cleaning, sanitation, disinfection, antisepsis and sterilization; infection control measures in the community and healthcare settings especially in the imaging diagnostic facilities; the concepts of prophylaxis. These objectives will be achieved through lectures/lessons, and with all the other tools capable of facilitating learning and the problem solving of the main aspects of the prevention and control of infection within applied hygiene. - Ciccacci Fausto (syllabus) Organization and planning in health: principles and aims of health organization; organization models of health service; levels of assistance; organization of the hospital; social and health integration; local services; health planning at national and regional level; international health planning. (reference books) Material provided by the teacher - Petrosillo Nicola (syllabus) Introduction: concepts of health, hygiene and public health. General applied hygiene and epidemiological tools: health of different populations and its determinants, in the community and healthcare settings. Descriptive epidemiology in general applied hygiene: prevalence and incidence studies, the concept of risk/hazard, and cause-effect relationship. Hygiene applied to the epidemiology of infectious diseases: general concepts, epidemiological models of infectious diseases. Concepts of epidemic and endemic. Sources of infection, entry and elimination routes of microroganisms, epidemiological chain and transmission of infections. Principles of prevention and prophylaxis: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Prevention of infectious diseases: concepts of environmental hygiene, disinfection, antisepsis, sterilization, biological risk in the healthcare settings and ways of prevention. (reference books) Textbook: Ricciardi, Angelillo, Brusaferro, de Giusti, etc. Igiene per le professioni sanitarie. Idelson-Gnocchi 2014.	3	MED/42	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Economics Politics (objectives) The course is prepared for students from disciplines other than economics and aims to make students able to understand the possibilities of applying the economic approach to the real world. Even for those who do not deal specifically with economic discipline, the course aims to provide the essential instruments for a better understanding of economic dynamics. The main learning obiejctives are: A careful analysis of the international economy from the end of the Second World War to the present day, with particular reference to the globalization of the markets. After this brief introduction of historical approach, which will allow us to use the main theoretical aspects of economic policy, the main topics of the course (supply and demand, markets, labor market, development and underdevelopment, international relations) will be discussed. providing students with information and knowledge useful to have a critical vision of the economic reality and its main problems. In the final part of the course, particular attention will be given to consumer preferences and to the economic aspects of risk management in complex organizations, such as health organizations. - De Andreis Federico (syllabus) Historical approach to international economic policy - Markets - Demand and supply - Development and underdevelopment - Consumer preferences - Economic analysis of risk management in health systems. (reference books) Randy Charles Epping, A Begginers’ Guide to the World of Economy, Third Edition, New York : Vintage, 2001) Additional materials ( Power point slides, articles) will be provided.	4	SECS-P/02	40	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	ENG
- Business Administrations (objectives) Provide students with a set of basic business tools, useful for understanding the managerial dynamics of both public and private structures. - Fiano Fabio (syllabus) An Overview of Health Care Management Leadership Management and Motivation Organizational Behavior and Management Thinking Strategic Planning Healthcare Marketing Quality Improvement Basics Information Technology Financing Health Care and Health Insurance Managing Costs and Revenues Managing Health Care Professionals The Strategic Management of Human Resources Teamwork Addressing Health Disparities: Cultural Proficiency Ethics and Law Fraud and Abuse Special Topics and Emerging Issues in Health Care Management Health Care Management Case Studies and Guidelines (reference books) Sharon Bell Buchbinder, Nancy H Shanks, (2017), Introduction to health care management, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, Massachusetts. Readings provided by the teacher as well as all the material used during the lessons.	2	SECS-P/07	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90181 - I.C. Pharmacology (objectives) The student must have knowledge of biochemistry, microbiology, general pathology and basic physiology that allows him to understand the contents of the program related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the physiological basis of the adverse effects of the drugs studied. Basic knowledge of medical physics and chemistry
- Radiopharmaceuticals (objectives) The course will deal with the general principles that apply to all drugs and therefore to the classes of drugs directly and indirectly related to radiological practice. In particular, in the general part students will have to learn the principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics that apply to all classes of drugs, including radiopharmaceuticals and contrast media. In the special section particular emphasis will be paid to radiopharmaceuticals, for use in both diagnostic and therapeutic fields, contrast media and drugs for the control of inflammation, pain, anxiety, the main neurologic disorders, antitumor drugs, monoclonal antibodies, antibacterial chemotherapy and drugs used in respiratory emergencies. - Consalvi Silvia (syllabus) General Pharmacology Development of new drugs and phases of study. Clinical trial of drugs. Testing and marketing of radiopharmaceuticals. Rules of Good Preparation of Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear MedicineGender pharmacology. Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacologycal interactions. Pharmacodynamics. Special Pharmacology Treatment of inflammation of pain. NSAID, glucocorticoids, opiate analgesics. General principles of cardiovascular therapy. Drugs used in the treatment of anxiety. Drugs for the treatment of asthma and anaphylaxis. Anti-bacterial chemotherapy, treatment of tuberculosis. General principles of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Target Therapy. Monoclonal antibodies. General principles of pharmacology of neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacology of contrast media (gastrointestinal exams, intravascular tests, MRI tests) Radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine: general information. Radiopharmaceuticals in use for diagnostic and therapeutic practice. Adverse effects of radiopharmaceuticals. Radiotherapy: modalities, radiopharmaceuticals for metabolic radiotherapy. (reference books) Bertram G. Katzung. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 14th edition, 24 apr 2018 During the lessons updated teaching material is provided.	3	BIO/14	30	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Safe Handling of Radiopharmaceuticals (objectives) After completing the course, students should know and understand the side effects, toxicological aspects, contraindications of the main radionuclides used in SPECT and PET nuclear medicine and must be able to to check the physical safety of the patient when performing an instrumental examination using a drug re-drug. Moreover, the should known common indications and procedures of diagnostic exams explained in the teaching. - Chiaravalloti Agostino (syllabus) Generalities on radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine - Structure of the atom and the nucleus - Radioisotopes: decay mode - Production of radioisotopes: cyclotron - Criteria for choosing a radiopharmaceutical - Production and quality control of radiopharmaceuticals - PET radiopharmaceuticals - SPECT radiopharmaceuticals - General information on PET, general information on SPECT - production and quality control of PET radiopharmaceuticals - production and quality control of SPECT radiopharmaceuticals - Organization of a PET and SPECT radiopharmacy (reference books) Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry ; Editors: Lewis, Jason S., Windhorst, Albert D., Zeglis, Brian M. (Eds.) eBook ISBN 978-3-319-98947-1 ; Springer International Publishin - Ricci Maria (syllabus) Generalities on radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine - Structure of the atom and the nucleus - Generalities on type of radiation used in medicine - Generalities on radioprotection’s pprinciles - General information on PET, general information on SPECT - SPECT radiopharmaceuticals - Scintigraphic exams (renal scintigraphy, myocardic scintigraphy etc.) (reference books) Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry ; Editors: Lewis, Jason S., Windhorst, Albert D., Zeglis, Brian M. (Eds.) eBook ISBN 978-3-319-98947-1 ; Springer International Publishing EANM: SNMMI Guidelines ; © European Association of Nuclear Medicine	3	MED/36	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90180 - I.C. Techniques of diagnostic imaging 2 (objectives) The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills.
- Diagnostic imaging and Radiotherapy (objectives) The course aims to provide to the student knowledge of physiologica, physiopathological, clinical and diagnostic application of the imaging technique in order to optimize scientific and tecnical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this technical application is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. - Argirò Renato (syllabus) • Protocols and setting of Magnetic Resonance esaminations. • Neuro-MR • Neck-MR • Muscle-Skeletal MR • Abdominal MR • Pelvic MR • Angio-MR • Breast-MR (reference books) Elementi di risonanza magnetica ( RM ) - Dal protone alle sequenze per le principali applicazioni diagnostiche di Coriasco - Rampado - Bradac - Boris • 2014 - Capotondi Carlo (syllabus) Angographic study techniques Interventional room Physical principles of equipment Radiation protection (reference books) Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors - Magi Antonio	6	MED/36	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical sciences and techniques (objectives) The course aims to train students in an exhaustive knowledge of the different acquisition protocols of anatomical districts treated during teaching. Furthermore, during the teaching hours, in-depth studies are planned dedicated to the various control and safety procedures required to operate in RM. Understanding of NMR phenomenon; knowledge of the components of a MR scanner (resistive, permanent, conventional superconductive, MgB2 superconductive); understanding of the mechanisms of signal generation (RF-pulses classification), of image formation (significance of gradient pulse “sequence”) and of the meaning of the main scan parameters (echo time, repetition time, flip angle, bandwidth, acquisition matrix, Echo-Train Length etc…); familiarity with all conventional sequence groups (SE, RARE-SE, GRE, and their 2D- and 3D- derivatives); comprehension of the meaning of different signal “weighting” (T1, T2, Proton Density, Flow, Velocity and Acceleration, Water Mobility, Susceptibility…); examples of typical MR images. - Santarelli Federico (syllabus) • principles of operation of the CT scan • formation of the CT image • CT developments • CT retrospective software • MRI and CT techniques and methods for functional and morphological studies (reference books) • Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors - Varchetta Celestino (syllabus) CT Informed consent • CT Anamnestic data collection • CT Exam preparation • CT Skull • CT Chest • CT Abdomen • CT Total-Body • CT Osteoarticular • Post-Processing • MRI Brain • MRI Pituitary • MRI Ear • MRI Orbite • MRI Mandibular Joint • MRI Facial Mass • MRI Total Spine • Security in MRI. (reference books) MRI The Basics Christopher J. Lisanti, William G.Branley, Jr WOLTERS KLUWER MDCT PHISICS The Basics Technology, Image Quality, and Radiation Dose Mahadevappa Mahesh WOLTERS KLUWER MDCT Anatomy-Body Luigia Romano, Massimo Silva, Sonia Fulciniti, Antonio Pinto SPRINGER - BIAGINI CRISTIANO (syllabus) Brief history of the phenomenon of magnetic resonance and of magnetic resonance imaging. - physical phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance - The concept of Larmor’s frequency. Peculiarity of 1H. - T1 and T2. The Bloch’s equation. - MR spectroscopy and MR imaging. - The MR scanner - Resistive and/or permanent (low magnetic field) - conventional superconductor (high and ultra-high field) - MgB2 superconductor - RF coils - Gradient coils - Receveing coils (quadrature and phased-array coils) - The MR image - “zeugmatography” (P. Lauterbur) and “echo-planar imaging” (P. Mansfield) - The imaging gradients - k-space and Fourier transform - Puls sequences (excitation, encoding, refocusing and inversion) - MR sequences - Gradient-Recalled Echo - Spin-Echo - Echo-Planar Imaging - Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enchancement (RARE, Turbo Spin-Echo and Fast Spin-Echo) - Some variants - Scan parameters and contrast generation - Typical examples (reference books) M.A. Bernstein, K.F. King, X.J. Zhou, Handbook of MRI pulse sequences (2004, Elsevier Academic Press) Z.P. Liang, P.C. Lauterbur, Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2000, IEEE Press Series on Biomedical Engineering) E.M. Haake, R.W. Brown, M.R. Thompson, R. Venkatesan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Physical Principles and Sequence Design (1999, Wiley-Liss) – difficult P. Mansfield, P.G. Morris, NMR Imaging in Biomedicine (1982, Academic Press) – very difficult	6	MED/50	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90227 - Elective courses - Santarelli Federico	3		30	-	-	-	Elective activities	ENG
90228 - Information Technology/Seminar Activities - Chiatamone Ranieri Carmine	2		-	10	-	-	Other activities	ENG
90183 - Clinical practice 2 year (annual) - Varchetta Celestino	20	MED/50	-	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90182 - professional laboratory - Santarelli Federico	1		-	-	10	-	Other activities	ENG

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90184 - I.C. Professional Ethics (objectives) The course aims to provide students with specific skills on the fundamental issues of ethics, ethics and communication. At the end of the course, the student must be able to understand the psychological implications related to professional practice and emotional involvement with the patient; knowing how to develop the skills necessary to assist the person with health problems by knowing the cognitive, adaptive and emotional processes in patients who face acute, chronic and chronic / degenerative disease processes.
- Clinical psychology, group dynamics (objectives) At the end of the lessons the student will be able to understand the psychological implications related to professional practice and emotional involvement with the patient; knowing how to develop the skills necessary to assist the individuals with health problems knowing the cognitive, adaptive and emotional processes in patients facing acute, chronic and chronic / degenerative disease processes. - Badolamenti Sondra (syllabus) The contents of the lessons will be divided into the following teaching units: - psychology applied to the profession, general aspects, relationship with the patient, the principles of therapeutic communication - transition to change for the patient: alignment of individual needs, perceptions and expectations with the perceptions, expectations and goals of healthcare professionals -Overview on the individual, environmental and social obstacles in the processes of adaptation to acute and chronic diseases. - The stages of change and transition in patients with chronic and chronic / degenerative diseases: the cognitive processes involved and the obstacles to be faced -The role of the patient's emotions and motivation in chronic and chronic / degenerative diseases. - stress and wellbeing in the workplace (the consequences and cost of work related stress, interventions to promote employee wellbeing, etc.) - quality of health care in the complexity of a changing health system (reference books) Book: Patient Centered Care in Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy by Aarthi Ramlaul, Vosper Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; 1st Edition (March 26, 2013) Amanda Bolderston (2016). Patient Experience in Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 47:356-361 For the preparation of the exam, the student is recommended to integrate with the teaching material provided during the lessons.	2	M-PSI/01	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical Sciences and Techniques (ethics and communication) (objectives) The teaching, integrated with psychology, aims to provide the student with specific skills on the fundamental issues of ethics, deontology and communication: central pillars and essential knowledge for the professional exercise and carrying out the activity professional, which support the action of the healthcare professional, in all the patient's caretaking activity, in an operational context, strongly renewed over time both by progress and by scientific and technological achievements and by the regulatory and organizational, which strengthened the concept of team or team, and of professional responsibility. The course introduces the student to knowledge of the legislation on the autonomy of professional practice, on the specific professional profile and on the relevant legal-medico-legal aspects and the related implications of professional practice. - DI LASCIO ANTONIO (syllabus) 1. introduction to ethics and deontology, concepts and fundamental values of professional ethics in the modern healthcare context; 2. elements of patient safety, professional responsibility and health law; 3. the communication relationship for health professionals: enhancement of communication and information with the user, with the team, with the outside world. (reference books) • Patrick Davey , Anna Rathmell, Michael Dunn , Charles Foster, Helen Salisbury, Medical Ethics, Law and Communication at a Glance, ed. Wiley Blckwell, USA, 2017 • Loewy, Erich E.H., Textbook of Healthcare Ethics, ed. Spinger, Milano 2002 • material written by the professor, referring to the lessons - Varchetta Celestino (syllabus) 1. introduction to ethics and deontology, concepts and fundamental values of professional ethics in the modern healthcare context; 2. elements of patient safety, professional responsibility and health law; 3. the communication relationship for health professionals: enhancement of communication and information with the user, with the team, with the outside world. (reference books) Patrick Davey , Anna Rathmell, Michael Dunn , Charles Foster, Helen Salisbury, Medical Ethics, Law and Communication at a Glance, ed. Wiley Blckwell, USA, 2017 Loewy, Erich E.H., Textbook of Healthcare Ethics, ed. Spinger, Milano 2002	2	MED/50	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90318 - I.C. Medical and clinical sciences 2 (objectives) The aim of the integrated course is to provide students with all the tools for an adequate knowledge of epidemiology, ethiopathogenetic determinants and prognosis, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of the main diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive system.
- Elements of diseases of the respiratory system (objectives) The learning objectives will provide students with the adequate knowledge about epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of then major respiratory diseases. Knowledge of the main diagnostic and / or therapeutic techniques most commonly used in clinical practice completes the course with a particular focus on te imaging tecniques. - Coppola Angelo (syllabus) 1 Introduction to pathologies of the respiratory system. Special anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, clinical semeiotics of the main symptoms and signs of respiratory diseases. 2 Techniques and basic principles of interpretation of laboratory tests and respiratory physiopathology, respiratory function tests, arterial blood gas analysis and oximetry; walk test; polygraphic monitoring during sleep. 3 Respiratory infectious diseases: community acquired (CAP) and nosocomial (HAP) pneumonia, pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, aspiration pneumonia (ad ingestis), lung abscess. 4 Pulmonary tuberculosis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 5 Lung Cancer: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 6 Acute and chronic respiratory failure. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. 7 Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arterial hypertension and other pathologies of the pulmonary circulation: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. 8 Diffuse infiltrative lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis and other pulmonary interstitial diseases. 9 Bronchial asthma and respiratory immunoallergic diseases: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 10 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 11 Pleural Pathology: pleurisy and pleural effusions; pneumothorax; mesothelioma. 12 Bronchiectasis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. 13 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy.diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. (reference books) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo Didactic materials	2	MED/10	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Elements of diseases of the cardiovascular system (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide students, with the necessary references to anatomy and physiology already acquired, the tools for an adequate knowledge of epidemiology, ethiopathogenetic determinants, diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms and the main prognostic determinants of major cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention will be paid to diagnostic imaging techniques - Vetta Francesco (syllabus) 1. Recalls of Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 2. Principles of electrocardiography 3. Principles of echocardiography 4. Ischemic Heart Disease : a) Pathophysiology of Myocardial Ischemia b) Chronic Coronary Syndromes, c) Acute Coronary Syndromes d) Instrumental Diagnostics. 5. Heart failure: a) Pathophysiology and classification of heart failure b) Heart failure with preserved systolic function c) Heart failure with reduced systolic function d) The arrhythmic risk in heart failure. e) Non-pharmacological therapy of heart failure 6. Heart Valve Diseases a) Rheumatic Disease, and degenerative heart disease b) Mitral Stenosis, c) Mitral Insufficiency d) Aortic Stenosis e) Aortic Insufficiency f) Tricuspid and Pulmonary Diseases g) Imaging techniques 7. Cardiomyopathies: a) Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy b) Dilated Cardiomyopathy c) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy d) Right Ventricular Arrhythmogenous Dysplasia 8. Arrhythmias a) Atrial Fibrillation b) Supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardias c) Ventricular tachycardia 9. Instrumental techniques a) Coronary CT scan b) Cardiac MRI c) Nuclear methods d) Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography (reference books) Didactic material from the lessons	2	MED/11	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Elements of gastrointestinal diseases (objectives) The Course is aimed at providing the main elements in the field of Digestive and Liver Diseases, with references to anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology, previously learned. - Puoti Claudio (syllabus) Esophagus • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Functional esophageal diseases • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and esophagitis • Barrett's esophagus • Ernia and diverticula • Neoplasms Stomach • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Gastritis (acute and chronic) • Helicobacter Pylori infection and disease • Peptic ulcer disease • Neoplasms Small Intestine • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Celiac disease • Diverticula • Neoplasms • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) • Functional disorders, malabsorption, microbiota Large intestine • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Diverticular disease of the colon • Neoplasms Pancreas (exocrine) • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Acute pancreatitis and its complications • Chronic pancreatitis • Neoplasms Liver and biliary tract •Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Liver cirrhosis and portal Hypertension • Hepatic encephalopaty, ascites, hepato-renal syndrome • Esophageal varices and bleeding • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) • Gallstone disease • Primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis •Gallbladder cancer (reference books) Students will refer to the slides and teaching material provided.	2	MED/12	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90188 - I.C. Diagnostic imaging techniques 3 (objectives) Upon completion of the course, students should know and understand the physical principles of radiation therapy and nuclear medicine. Know the basic notions of radiotherapy treatment techniques, of the physical principles of the equipment, of the scintigraphic examinations, including the instrumentation, the methods of acquiring and processing images, the main indications of the examinations and finally the main normal and pathological findings of these examinations. In relation to PET topics, students should understand the physical bases and instrumentation of Positron Emission Tomography. Know the methods of reconstruction and processing of images, the various artifacts, the techniques for correcting these artifacts and the main indications and clinical basis of PET examinations. In addition, knowledge of advanced MR and CT imaging techniques will be provided
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy (objectives) Upon completion of the course, students should know and understand the principles of physics of nuclear medicine. They should know the basics of scintigraphic examinations, including the instrumentation, methods of image acquisition and processing, the main indications and finally the main normal and pathological findings of such examinations. In relation to PET topics, students should understand the physical bases and instrumentation of Positron Emission Tomography, know the methods of reconstruction and processing of images, the various artifacts and techniques for correcting these artifacts and the main indications and clinical bases of PET exams. - Fionda Bruno (syllabus) Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of Linac The teaching program will address the following topics: Definitions; Electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation and consequent radiobiological effect on neoplastic tissues and normal tissues; Beams of photons and electrons of different energy and characteristics of the action on the surface and in depth; Definition of volumes in radiotherapy; Dose fractionation and treatment techniques; Toxicity; Examples of treatment in various organ pathologies. Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of dedicated machines The teaching program will address the following topics: explanation of the problems inherent in the different phases of the path of the cancer patient candidate for radiation treatment, deepening those concerning treatment planning and delivery both for 3D techniques and for ultra-conformed and volumetric ones. General principles of oncological radiotherapy The teaching program will address the following topics: radiotherapy, therapeutic purposes and integrations. Therapeutic process in the treatment planning phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Isotac and isocenter; Contouring and co-registration; Volumes according to ICRU 50 (treatment volume and irradiated volume); Principles of 3D planning and inverse planning (IMRT-VMAT); Acute tissues and late responders (toxicity); Organs in series and organs in parallel; DVH and Dose Constraints; Clinical evaluations of treatment plans. Therapeutic process in the therapy phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Evolution of the IGRT concept; Interfraction and intra-fraction control systems; Tracking systems; Concepts of adaptive and application methods. Special techniques The teaching program will address the following topics: Interventional Radiotherapy, techniques and clinical indications; Definition of IMRT (Step & shoot / Sliding windows); Cranial and extracranial stereotaxia (SRT / SBRT); Respiratory Gating; MRI hybrid radiotherapy equipment. (reference books) Radiation Therapy Study Guide: A Radiation Therapist's Review by Amy Heath. Springer, 2016 Additional: Mosby’s Radiation Therapy Study Guide and Exam Review by Leia Levy. Elsevier 2020. Elementi di Radioterapia Oncologica. Manuale per tecninici sanitari di radiologia medica. Balducci M, Cellini F, Cornacchione P, D’Angelillo R, Mattiucci GC, Pasini D. Società Editrice Universo, 2013. - Argirò Renato (syllabus) • Extra-vascular interventional Radiology • CT- GUIDED procedures • MR – GUIDED procedures • Biopsies • Urinary tract intervention • Biliary tract intervention • Liver oncological treatments • Lung oncological treatments • Kidney oncological treatments (reference books) Kandarpa – Interventional Radiology Manual Book - Titka Brisida (syllabus) • Basic physics of nuclear medicine • Types of scintigraphy • Lung scintigraphy • Lymphoscintigraphy • Gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy • Meckel scintigraphy • Bone Scintigraphy in Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia • Ocreotide scintigraphy • PET physics and instrumentation • PET image reconstruction, processing and quantitation • PET imaging artifacts and correction techinques • Scientific and Clinical basis of PET applications (reference books) Linee guida AIMN: https://www.aimn.it/site/page/attivita/linee-guida EANM Technologist Guide: https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Technology and Techniques – Paul E.Christian ; Kristen M. Waterstram-Rich	6	MED/36	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical sciences and techniques (objectives) Introduce students to the advanced techniques of CT and MRI methods, allow the deepening of advanced methods that are used more frequently in daily diagnostics, thus allowing feedback during the training on the methods. The teaching, integrated with the medical disciplines, aims to provide the student with the specific technical professional skills for the provision of typical services in the clinical field of nuclear medicine / molecular imaging, through the study and deepening of the principles and of the equipment / instrumentation used (such as gamma cameras or PETs, fractionators and radiopharmacy instrumentation), the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals and its clinical applications and methodologies, used for diagnosis and therapy. The training objectives are knowledge of the techniques and methods of radiotherapy treatment, development of the treatment plan and the equipment used for therapy. - Santarelli Federico (syllabus) linear accelerator, linear accelerator with cone-beam ct system, iort, brachitherapia, simulator, mobile laser, immobilization systems, cerebral stereotassic treatment, cerebral treatment, tumor treatment of the respiratory system, breast treatment, breast treatment, breast treatment treatment of the digestive apparatus, treatment of the prostate and urinary system, treatment of cutaneous injuries, metastase ratement, treatment planning system (tps), digital reformat reconstruction (drr) and with beam-ct, detection of target target and contour (gtv) ctv-ptv), fusion of images, 2d, conformational (3d) and imrt treatment, isodose curve, disomogenization and dosage surface (bolus) (reference books) External beam therapy, Peter Hoskin, Oxford Material provided by the teacher. - DI LASCIO ANTONIO (syllabus) 1. introduction to nuclear medicine / molecular imaging methodologies 2. organization and management of a Nuclear Medicine department (environments, equipment, roles and functions); 3. Nuclear Medicine Equipment (gamma camera, PET and SPECT) 4. Main applications in diagnostics and therapy (according to international protocols and guidelines) 5. Radiopharmaceuticals, quality controls, good preparation practices, waste disposal (reference books) • Calabria F., Schillaci O. (Ed.) Radiopharmaceuticals: A Guide to PET/CT and PET/MRI, Milano, Springer, 2019 • Volterrani, D., Erba, P.A., Carrio, I., Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Nuclear Medicine Textbook, Milano, Spinger, 2019 • Assadi, Majid, Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat, Biersack, Hans-Jürgen, Principles of Nuclear Medicine, Milano, Springer, 2018 and • material written by the professor, referring to the lessons • consultation of documents and free resources produced by the European scientific societies of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy Guidelines & Recommendations or free content to download • for example: European Society of Radiology https://www.myesr.org/publications/guidelines-and-recommendations, European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide/ - Chiatamone Ranieri Carmine (syllabus) PARALLEL IMAGE DIFFUSION TRACTOGRAPHY VASCULAR MRI WITH AND WITHOUT MDC FUNCTIONAL MRI PERFUSION IN MRI AND CT CARDIO RM CARDIO TC (Outline of the Cardio study in Nuclear Medicine) VASCULAR STUDIES IN TC (reference books) 1. MRI from Picture to Proton---------------Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64323-9 — MRI from Picture to Proton Donald W. McRobbie , Elizabeth A. Moore , Martin J. Graves , Martin R. Prince Frontmatter 2. Multislice CT------------------Konstantin Nikolaou · Fabian Bamberg Andrea Laghi · Geoffrey D. Rubin Editors Medical Radiology · Diagnostic Imaging Series Editors: H.-U. Kauczor · P. M. Parizel · W. C. G. Peh	6	MED/50	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90186 - Elective exams - Santarelli Federico	3		30	-	-	-	Elective activities	ENG
90187 - English - Rotatori Alessandro (syllabus) The module will consider the following topics: 1. Taking a history 2. Vital signs 3. Pain 4. Explaining diagnosis and management 5. Discussing treatment with patients 6. The hospital 7. Pre-operative patient assessment 8. Post-operative patient assessment 9. Patient discharge 10. Breathing problems 11. Communicating 12. Personal care 13. Elimination 14. Eating and drinking 15. Mobility 16. Wound care 17. Sexuality and gynaecology 18. Medical imaging 19. Heart problems 20. Diabetes care 21. Intravenous infusions 22. Cancer treatment Students will also be given the chance to practise the language of both telephone conversations and oral presentations. (reference books) Rotatori, A. (2020). Parlare e comprendere l’inglese contemporaneo della medicina e infermieristica. EdiSES Università Wells, J. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd edition). Longman Further materials will be made available as handouts before lectures.	3		30	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	ENG
90190 - Clinical Practice 3rd year (annual) - Santarelli Federico	23	MED/50	-	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90191 - Seminar activities/information technology - Chiatamone Ranieri Carmine	2		-	10	-	-	Other activities	ENG
90189 - professional laboratory - DI LASCIO ANTONIO	1		-	-	10	-	Other activities	ENG
90192 - Final exam	6		-	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	ENG