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Course
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Credits
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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Contact Hours
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Exercise Hours
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Laboratory Hours
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Personal Study Hours
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Type of Activity
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Language
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90219 -
Biology and genetics
(objectives)
The integrated course in Biology and Genetics aims to provide students with the functional logic of living systems, with particular attention to the properties and functions of the cell as a basic unit of life. The student will learn the unitary mechanisms that regulate the processes and activities of the cell and the interactions between cells; the principles that govern the diversity of biological units, in relation to their structural and functional characteristics, to the modes of gene expression, both within the different districts of a single individual (differentiation), and longitudinally, during evolution.
The fundamental principles of molecular biology and genetics will also be addressed; particular emphasis will be given to aspects useful to students in medicine, such as the cellular and molecular bases of diseases and the effects of drugs on cell structure and function. The Medical Genetics part will provide students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases.
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APPLIED BIOLOGY
(objectives)
The integrated course of Biology and Genetics aims at providing the students with the functional logic of living systems, with particular attention to the properties and functions of cells as basic units of life. At the end of the course, the students will acquire the constructive logic of the fundamental biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the general unitary principles that govern the functioning of the different biological systems, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena. Fundamental principles within molecular biology and genetics will also be covered; special emphasis will be given in aspects that are useful to Medicine students, as the cellular and molecular basis of diseases and drug effects on the cell structure and function. In particular, the part of Medical Genetics will provide the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course the students will have to know the main methods of analysis for the diagnosis of these disorders. He should show capacity to analyse pedigrees and clinical and molecular genetic data useful for genetic counselling and to know the major kind of genetic testing and their proper use.
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Maiani Emiliano
( syllabus)
Cell cycle, mechanisms and regulation. DNA mutations and DNA repair pathways. Gene editing techniques, ZNF, Talen, CRISPR Cas9 in clinical trials. Cell death processes: apoptosis and necrosis. Caspases and BCL2 family of proteins. Autophagy. Basics of cancer biology, tumour suppressors and oncogenes. Basics of metastasization processes. DNA sequencing in research and clinic, GDC database.
( reference books)
“Essential Cell Biology”, V edition, Bruce Alberts et al., Norton.
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Pacini Laura
( syllabus)
BIOLOGY
Characteristic of living cells: Cellular theory. Classification principles of living organisms. Cell Chemistry: Macromolecules: structure, shape and function. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell models: classification and major structural differences, Organelles (structure and function). Eukaryotic nuclear compartment, structure and functions. Plasma membrane: properties and functions, modes of transport of small molecules across the plasma membrane (simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport). Internal organization of the cell: intracellular compartments and protein sorting, intracellular membrane traffic, organelles. The cytoskeleton and cell motility. Nuclear compartment, structure and functions. The different levels of chromatin condensation. Energy conversion: Glycolysis and fermentation (outline). Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, structure and function. Molecular basis of hereditary information: DNA replication. DNA repair and its correlation with human diseases. RNA, structure and function: Main types of cellular RNAs and differences with respect to DNA in terms of molecular size, stability and biological functions.Transcription and RNA maturation. Genetic Code and its properties. Protein synthesis: How cells read the genome. Main posttranslational modifications of the polypeptide chains. Post-synthetic fate of proteins, endomembranes and membrane traffic: Endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis (LDL). Control of gene expression: Molecular mechanisms that create specialized cell types. Functional organization of the eukaryotic genome. Histone code. Transcriptional control, role of chromatin condensation and of the degree of DNA methylation.
Cell Cycle: The cell cycle control system. Apoptosis and Cancer, Tumor suppressors and protooncogenes. Cell Signaling:. Exchange of chemical signals through receptor proteins. The key role played by protein kinases in this process. The interactions between cells and their environment: Adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix.
GENETICS Mitosis and Meiosis: principles of chromosome dynamics during mitosis and meiosis; molecular mechanisms of genetic recombination. Gene mutations: mutations by substitution, insertion or deletion of nucleotides. Spontaneous and induced mutations. Chemical and physical mutagens. DNA repair systems for single or double stranded DNA damage. Mitochondrial inheritance: relevance for human phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and theoretical implications for understanding the mechanisms of biological evolution. Mobile genetic elements and evolution of the genomes
( reference books)
“Essential Cell Biology”, V edition, Bruce Alberts et al., Norton.
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9
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BIO/13
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90
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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MEDICAL GENETICS
(objectives)
The aims of the course of Medical Genetics is to provide to students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases.
At the end of the course the student will have to know the main methods of analysis for the diagnosis of these disorders. He should show capacity to analyse pedigrees and clinical and molecular genetic data useful for genetic counselling and to know the major kind of genetic testing and their proper use.
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Ciccacci Cinzia
( syllabus)
Basic Genetics
Definitions of Key Terms
Polymorphisms and mutations
Blood groups Genetics
Principles of Genetic Transmission
Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis
The Monohybrid Crosses,
Segregation of Two or More Genes
Segregation in Human Pedigrees
Monogenic Inheritance Models:
Autosomal inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance
X-linked inheritance
Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees
Genomic Imprinting
X chromosome inactivation
Chromosome
Structure and Analysis
Chromosome Pathologies
The genetics of complex diseases: Concept of Genomic biomarker, inter-individual variability, Genetic approaches to investigate complex diseases
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
The role of genetic variability in the response to drugs, both in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Personalised Medicine
Genetic Tests and Counselling
( reference books)
" Medical Genetics" by Jorde - Carey – Bamshad
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1
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MED/03
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10
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Core compulsory activities
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ENG |
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90217 -
Human anatomy I
(objectives)
In common to Human Anatomy I and II. Knowledge of the essential morphology characteristics of the locomotor, cardiovascular and Nervous System, microscopic anatomy and splanchnology, including the cellular and functional level, using both a systemic and a regional (topographic, radiological, surgical) approach for the study of these essential elements of the human body. The student will learn the information about the anatomy of each apparatus and system that deal with the examination of the patient, the understanding of clinical symptoms and their evolution in the field of interest during pathological events. The student will also acquire the knowledge of how the structural organization of the different system is achieved in the course of embryonic development
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Cesarini Valeriana
( syllabus)
Introduction to the systematic study on the locomotor apparatus will be a discussion of the anatomical terminology: section types, terms of location and terms of movement. We will also describe the major topographic and functional subdivisions of the human body and surface anatomy.
- OSTEOLOGY: Morphology of the human skeleton: the axial skeleton, the exo and endocranium, the skeleton of the appendages.
- ARTHROLOGY: General information on joints, types of movements, joint dynamics. Joints of the skull, spine, chest, upper limb and lower limb.
- MYOLOGY: Shape and action of skeletal muscle; vertebral muscles of the neck and trunk, muscles of the chest, abdomen, muscles of upper and lower limbs.
GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. - PERICARDIUM, HEART AND VESSELS OF THE TORAX AND ABDOMEN.
- SPLEEN.
- MAIN ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE HEAD, NECK AND LIMBS.
ALL ORGANS LISTED BELOW WILL BE STUDIED AT THE MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC LEVEL, INCLUDING RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBOURING STRUCTURES AND ORGANS, THEIR VASCULARIZATION AND INNERVATION.
- Oral Cavity, teeth, tongue, muscles of the mouth and of the face, salivary glands. - Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.
- Muscles of the neck (cervical, superficial and lateral muscles). - Pharynx and Larynx.
- Trachea, bronchi, lungs and pleura.
- The mediastinum.
( reference books)
-Gray’s Anatomy (latest edition) Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier.
-ATLAS: Atlas of Human Anatomy, Frank H. Netter (latest edition) Elsevier.
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Sciamanna Giuseppe
( syllabus)
Introduction to the systematic study on the locomotor apparatus will be a discussion of the anatomical terminology: section types, terms of location and terms of movement. We will also describe the major topographic and functional subdivisions of the human body and surface anatomy.
- OSTEOLOGY: Morphology of the human skeleton: the axial skeleton, the exo and endocranium, the skeleton of the appendages.
- ARTHROLOGY: General information on joints, types of movements, joint dynamics. Joints of the skull, spine, chest, upper limb and lower limb.
- MYOLOGY: Shape and action of skeletal muscle; vertebral muscles of the neck and trunk, muscles of the chest, abdomen, muscles of upper and lower limbs.
GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. - PERICARDIUM, HEART AND VESSELS OF THE TORAX AND ABDOMEN.
- MAIN ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE HEAD, NECK AND LIMBS.
- Oral Cavity, teeth, tongue, muscles of the mouth and of the face, salivary glands. - Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.
- Muscles of the neck (cervical, superficial and lateral muscles). - Pharynx and Larynx.
- Trachea, bronchi, lungs and pleura.
- The mediastinum.
( reference books)
Gray’s Anatomy (latest edition) Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier.
ATLAS: Atlas of Human Anatomy, Frak H. Netter (latest edition) Elsevier.
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7
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BIO/16
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70
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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90237 -
Economy and International Social Politics
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to provide to students knowledge on historical development of Medicine, on different approaches suitable for cost-consequences analysis and on the principal features of the Italian national health care system. Also, students will develop attitudes and values such as humility, tolerance, understanding, respect and openness towards others through philosophical, moral reflection and moral reasoning.
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HISTORY OF MEDICINE
(objectives)
Aim of the teaching is to provide to students knowledge on historical development of Medicine, within the context of the history of science, and from the viewpoint of a history of ideas and concepts. Specifically, the course will focus on:
- approaches to the historiography of Medicine
- history of diseases
- historical development of some central concepts in Medicine, such as concepts of health and disease, and ideas about the function of the human organism
- main periods of the history of Medicine (from ancient Greece to present days) and main characteristics of each period
- the most important medical figures in history and the related contributes to the development of Medicine
- how the relationship between doctors and patients had changed during the History of Medicine.
At the end of the course, the students will be able to know the most important medical figures in history. Knowledge acquired will be fundamental for the subsequent overall study.
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Refolo Pietro
( syllabus)
The course will focus on:
- approaches to the historiography of Medicine
- history of diseases
- historical development of some central concepts in Medicine, such as concepts of health and disease, and ideas about the function of the human organism
- main periods of the history of Medicine (from ancient Greece to present days) and main characteristics of each period
- the most important medical figures in history and the related contributes to the development of Medicine
- how the relationship between doctors and patients had changed during the History of Medicine.
( reference books)
- Porter R. Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.
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2
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MED/02
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20
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Core compulsory activities
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ENG |
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APPLIED ECONOMICS
(objectives)
Aim of the course “Applied economics” is to provide students elements on the following topics:
• health technologies assessment
• the Italian health care system organization
• budgeting process.
Students will acquire knowledge about the domains needed for full or rapid health technology assessment and useful sources of information. Moreover, knowledge on the different approach suitable for cost-consequences analysis will be offered.
About the second topic, the principal features of the Italian national health care system will be provided.
Finally, students will understand the rationale of the budgeting process and the role of clinicians in it.
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
• evaluate the quality of an HTA report and recognize which types of economic evaluations apply in different situations
• understand the positioning of the Italian national health system in the framework of social rights
• actively participate to budgeting processes in health care facilities.
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D'Angela Daniela
( syllabus)
Definition and structure of health technology assessment
European and national regulation
Standard of an HTA report
Sources of information
Cost-consequences approaches
Organization of the Italian national healthcare system
Principles
Evolution
Supply structure
Budgeting
Definition
Costs and activity in healthcare
Budget sheet
( reference books)
• M.V. Garrido, F.B. Kristensen, C.P. Nelsen, R. Busse, Health Technology Assessment and Health Policy-Making in Europe
• G. Casati (2000), Programmazione e controllo di gestione nelle aziende sanitarie
• M.F. Drummond, M.J. Scuplpher, K.Claxton, G. L. Stoddart, G.W. Torrance; Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes (4th edition)
• Teacher’s slides and materials
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2
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SECS-P/06
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20
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Core compulsory activities
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ENG |
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MORAL PHILOSOPHY
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to provide students with tools and a framework in which they can place the good “health” in a common context with ethics, human rights and all the relevant elements for patient care - economic, anthropological, social and relational - so that tomorrow they will be able to treat their patient in an appropriate way to his being a person.
In a sector characterized by a constant and rapid evolution, students will acquire the ability to understand the main problems, also through the use of different specific tools. They will learn peculiar languages so to understand how health is an interdisciplinary theme.
At the end of the course participants will be able to provide an effective contribution to the preparation of documents, reports and measures, as well as to develop appropriate interdisciplinary strategies on ethics and health.
The course intends to provide a training programme aimed at ensuring, through specific focus, the most current and relevant issues in the field of health and ethics, especially in light of global changes and modified international agendas such as sustainable Millennium Development Goals 2030 (MDGs).
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Boccanelli Alessandro
( syllabus)
NARRATIVE MEDICINE
Lesson 1
THE CONTRACT
• Definitions, scopes and methods of Narrative Medicine in care practices
Lesson 2
THE ERRORS OF THE PAST AND THE EMPATHETIC RELATIONSHIP
• The relationship between the person in care and the professionals
Lesson 3
THE TIME OF COMMUNICATION
• The time of communication between doctor and patient as treatment time
Lesson 4
DIFFERING CULTURAL APPROACHES TO MEDICINE
• Transcultural medicine
Lesson 5
EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE AND NARRATIVE-BASED MEDICINE
• Is there any evidence of effectiveness of Narrative Medicine?
Lesson 6
NARRATIVE MEDICINE IN THE DIGITAL AGE
• Medicine in the digital age: dangers, opportunities
Lesson 7
THE COMPLEXITY OF HEALTH ORGANISATION
• The organisation of care: the scenario of complexity
Lesson 8
SHARED CARE PLANNING AND SIMULTANEOUS PALLIATIVE CARE
• Care in the last stretch of road
Lesson 9
THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION AND THE CURE OF CHRONICITY
• Sufficient healing (living with chronicity)
Lesson 10
COLLABORATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CARE PROFESSIONS
( reference books)
Rita Charon. Narrative Medicine. Honoring the Stories of Illness. Oxford University Press, 2008
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Pacifici Noja Laura Elena
( syllabus)
Main Topics of the Course
1. the scientific basis that characterizes the medical intervention and defines medicine as a science
2. awareness of the ethical dimension of medicine and health professions
3. the relationship between science and ethics
4. Ethical Committees at different levels
5. the relevant elements for the treatment of the patient, in addition to the physiological ones: economic, anthropological, social, ethical and relational
6. "Human Rights and Health": relationship between Human Rights and Health
7. dialogue also as listening to the patient and ethics of communication.
8. Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Millenium Development Goals
9. Ethics of health: tensions between collective benefits and individual freedom.
10. Global health and new challenges in a globalized world: Health diplomacy and Ethics
11. Ethics, Health and International Cooperation
The course will also deal with the theme of Health Diplomacy, very topical and interdisciplinary between Ethics and Medicine, and show how it could represent a new frontier both as a tool for a new international diplomatic intervention and as a peaceful resolution of disputes on a local scale and as a new field of international cooperation.
( reference books)
Ethics in Healthcare: A Philosophical Introduction by Ezio Di Nucci
Ethical Challenges in Health Care: Developing Your Moral Compass by Vicki Lachman PhD MBE APRN
Ethical Issues in Home Health Care 1st Edition by Rosalind Ekman Ladd, Lynn Pasquerella , Smith Sheri
Ethical Issues in Rural Health Care 1st Edition by Craig M. Klugman, Pamela M. Dalinis
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6
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M-FIL/03
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60
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Related or supplementary learning activities
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ENG |
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90281 -
Clinical practice
(objectives)
The student must know the main rules of education and health hygiene to avoid exposure to biological risks and acquire notions of optical microscopy with relative preparation of histological samples. Furthermore, theoretical and practical notions on surgical suture techniques will be provided.
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5
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Other activities
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ENG |
