Degree Course: Midwifery Syllabus for A.Y. 2018/2019

A – FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY:
Atomic structure. Definition of oxides, acids, bases and salts. Examples. The valence. Covalent and hydrogen bonds. The properties of water. Osmosis. pH. Molar concentration of solutes. The fundamental chemical groups of organic molecules.

B – FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL BIOCHEMISTRY:
Proteins structure and function. Enzymes. Carbohydrates. Fatty acids. Vitamins and hormones. Nucleic acids.

C – FUNDAMENTALS OF METHABOLIC PROCESSES:
Reducing power: NADH, NADPH, FADH2. Introduction to metabolism: Glycolysis. Krebs cycle. Fatty acid catabolism. The respiratory chain.

Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry (Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series) Seventh, North American Edition, by Denise Ferrier
Lehningher Principles of Biochemistry, by D. L. Nelson and M. M. Cox

Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms, Polymorphisms and mutations; Blood groups Genetics
Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid Crosses, Segregation of Two or More Genes, Segregation in Human Pedigrees
Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal inheritance,Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance
Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees
Genomic Imprinting
X chromosome inactivation
Chromosome: Structure and Analysis, Chromosome Pathologies
Genetic Biomarkers and variability: Concept of Genomic biomarker, inter-individual variability, Genetic approaches to investigate complex diseases
Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine
Genetic tests and Counselling

"Medical Genetics" by Jorde - Carey – Bamshad.

Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating

1.4: Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures
1.5: Units, Standards, and SI Units
1.6: Converting Units
1.8: Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis




Chapter 14: Heat

14.1 Heat as Energy Transfer
14.2 Internal Energy
14.3: Specific Heat
14.4: Calorimetry
14.5: Latent Heat
14.6: Heat Transfer: Conduction
14.7: Heat Transfer: Convection
14.8: Heat Transfer: Radiation

Chapter 15: The Laws of Thermodynamics

15.1: The First Law of Thermodynamics
15.2: Thermodynamic Processes and the First Law

Fluids

Chapter 10: Fluids

10.1: Phases of Matter
10.2: Density and Specific Gravity
10.3: Pressure in Fluids
10.4: Atmospheric Pressure Gauge Pressure
10.5: Pascal's Principle
10.6: Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer
10.7: Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle

Vibrations and Waves

Chapter 11: Vibrations and Waves

11.7: Wave Motion
11.8: Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal
11.9: Energy Transported by Waves
11.10: Intensity Related to Amplitude and Frequency

Chapter 12: Sound

12-1 Characteristics of Sound
12-2 Intensity of Sound: Decibels
12-7 Doppler Effect



Electricity and Magnetism

Chapter 16: Electric Charge and Electric Field

16.1: Static Electricity; Electric Charge and its Conservation
16.2: Electric Charge in the Atom
16.3: Insulators and Conductors
16.4: Induced Charge; the Electroscope
16.5: Coulomb's Law
16.6: Solving Problems Involving Coulomb's Law and Vectors
16.7: The Electric Field
16.8: Field Lines
16.9: Electric Fields and Conductors

Chapter 17: Electric Potential

17.1: Electric Potential Energy and Potential Differences
17.2: Relation Between Electric Potential and Electric Field
17.3: Equipotential Lines
17.4: The Electron Volt, a Unit of Energy
17.5: Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
17.7: Capacitance
17.8: Dielectrics
17.9: Storage of Electric Energy

Chapter 18: Electric Currents

18.1: The Electric Battery
18.2: The Electric Current
18.3: Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors
18.4: Resistivity
18.5: Electric Power

Chapter 19: DC Circuits

19.1: EMF and Terminal Voltage
19.2: Resistors in Series and in Parallel
19.3: Kirchhoff's Rules
19.4: EMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a Battery
19.5: Circuits Containing Capacitors in Series and in Parallel
19.6: RC Circuits-Resistor and Capacitor in Series

25-11: X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction
25-12: X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (CT Scan)

Douglas C. Giancoli “PHYSICS: Principles with Applications” Seventh edition, Pearson Education. Inc

• General characteristics of living organisms (autotrophic and heterotrophic, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, unicellular and multicellular, eukaryotic and prokaryotic). Cell theory.

• chemical constituents of cells: water; hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules

• Structure and function of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

• Organization of the fundamental eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic. 

• Cellular compartments and related functional specialization (core; ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum; the Golgi complex, lysosomes, cytoskeleton; vacuoles).

• Structure and general functions of cell membranes

• Diffusion, passive transport and active transport (channel protein, sodium-potassium pump, secondary active transport)

• From genotype to phenotype: DNA as genetic material, structure and function.
• DNA transcription, RNA maturation.

• The genetic code: property (universality, non-ambiguity, continuity, redundancy or degeneracy) and reading mode.

• Protein biosynthesis.

• Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes

• Cellular reproduction: cell cycle, DNA replication and mitosis.

• Regulation of the cell cycle, tumor suppressor, oncogenes

• Sexual reproduction: Meiosis

“Essential Cell Biology”, Alberts, Bray, Hopkin, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter. Editor: Garland Science

Physiology of the cell membrane

- Membrane transport of ions and molecules
- Membrane potential and Action Potential

Muscle Physiology

-Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue.
- Neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling.
- Motor unit

Physiology of the Nervous System

-The Afferent Division: decoding and processing of sensory
information.
-The Efferent Division: general characteristics of the motor system:
involuntary, voluntary and automatic movements; spinal reflexes; the brain-encephalic control of the movement: posture and balance.
Cortical control of voluntary movements. The cerebellum: general features, functions of the cerebellum. The basal ganglia: functional
role.
-The Autonomic Nervous System.
- Supplementary functions of the nervous system.

Cardiovascular physiology

- Myocardial physiology: functional myocardial anatomy, myocardial
action potentials, contraction of the heart muscle.
- Cardiac cycle
- Nervous control of cardiac activity.
- General principles of hemodynamics.
-Adjustment of circulation, blood pressure and blood flow.
- Cardiac output: principles of regulation of cardiac output.
- Cardiac tones.


The Respiratory System

- Pulmonary ventilation: respiratory mechanics, volumes and lung capacity. Respiratory tract
- Gaseous exchanges: diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
through the respiratory membrane.
-Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and body fluids.
-Regulation of breathing: general principles.
-Regulation of acid-base balance: general principles.

Body fluids and renal function

- Functional anatomy of the kidney, function of the nephron. Glomerular filtration: general principles.
- Elaboration of glomerular filtrate: resorption and tubular secretion,
-Control of osmolarity and sodium concentration of extracellular fluid: general principles.
-Renal regulation of blood volume: general principles

The endocrine system

- General principles of endocrinology: nature of a hormone; general picture of the endocrine glands and their hormones.
Principles of general functioning of hormones.

Reference Books:
-“Sherwood” ninth edition
-“Guyton-Hall"

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM. Skeleton: generalities regarding the bones of the skull (neuro-cranium and splancno-cranium). Bones of the vertebral column, trunk, superior limb, inferior limb, pectoral and girdle and pelvis. Joints structure, classification and movements. Joints: intervertebral joints sternum-clavicular joint and shoulder joint. Muscolar system. Generalities on muscle organization; muscles of the head and neck, generalities on muscles of the spine, muscles of the abdomen, respiratory muscles and pelvic muscles. Muscles of the pectoral girdle and arm. Flexors and extensor muscles of the elbow, pronator and supinator muscles. Main muscles that move the thigh and leg.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Heart, thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta. The Willi’s polygon. Coronary circulation. Main arteries of superior and inferior limbs. Venous system. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and their main branches in the thorax and abdomen. Main veins of the superior and inferior limbs. Generalities on the lymphatic system.

SPLANCHNOLOGY. Systemic and microscopy anatomy of digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine systems.

1) Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology, or 2) Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy, or 3) Tortora: Human Anatomy, or 4) Gray's Basic Anatomy

Students are strongly encouraged to make use of an atlas of human anatomy of their choice

Spinal cord: segmental and internal organization: gray matter, ascending and discending tracts. Spinals nerves, plexuses and reflex arcs. Brainstem (Medulla oblungata, Pons, Mesencephalon): internal and external structure. Cranial nerves: nuclei and innervation. Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus): internal and external structure. Thalamic nuclei. Telencephanlon: internal and external structure. Anatomical and functional organization of cerebral cortex. Allocortex. Basal Ganglia. Cerebellum: internal and external structure. Ventricular system. Meninges. Brain blood vessels and dural sinuses. Sensory system: spinothalamic, tacts, fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. Pain conduction. Visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactor and limbic system. Motor system: pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Motor nuclei. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Enteric nervous system

1) Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy or
2) Tortora: Human Anatomy or 3) Gray's Basic Anatomy
3) Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology
4) Andrew Biel, The Guide to the body

Preparation of tissues for histological analysis
Microscopy, preservation of biological structures, stainings.

Epithelial tissues
Classification of epithelia, polarity of epithelial cells, junctions, absorbent epithelia, glandular epithelia.

Connective tissues
Connective tissue proper: extracellular matrix and connective cells. The different types of connective tissue proper. Adipose tissue. Blood and hematopoietic tissues. Supportive connective: cartilage and bone.

Muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle: structure of muscle fibers, contraction mechanism, diversity of muscle fibers. Cardiac muscle: structure of cardiomyocytes and myocardial conduction mechanism. The smooth muscle.

Nervous tissue
The neuron. Glial cells. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves.

“Bloom and Fawcett's Concise Histology”, Don W. Fawcett, Ronald P. Jensh, William Bloom – 2nd Edition - Hodder Arnold
“Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology”, Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew - 11st Edition - Pearson

The course will focus on:
- approaches to the historiography of Medicine
- history of diseases
- historical development of some central concepts in Medicine, such as concepts of health and disease, and ideas about the function of the human organism
- main periods of the history of Medicine (from ancient Greece to present days) and main characteristics of each period
- the most important medical figures in history and the related contributes to the development of Medicine
- how the relationship between doctors and patients had changed during the History of Medicine.

- Porter R. Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

This course is an introduction to ethno- anthropological demography and to the quali-qualitative studies of human population processes (i.e. fertility, mortality, and migration) with a holistic approach. Anthropological demography differs from formal demography in that it examines demographic dynamics in the context of a wide range of social, cultural, economic, and ecological variables.
The target of the course of Demo-Ethno-Anthropological disciplines is to prepare a new generation of students to be able to cope with different situations working in national and international organizations operating in the field. The course provides an interdisciplinary approach to human-environment relations with diverse methodological skills and capacities.
During the course many topics will be afforded. The topics will be related to demography, ethnology and anthropology. We will discuss globalization, major environmental changes. Topics involved include kinship, marriage, household organization, gender system, political economy, ecology and so forth.

Berghahn Series. Fertility, Reproduction and Sexuality: Social and Cultural Perspectives

-EQUIPMENT: Physical foundations, equipment technicians and main clinical indications: Ultrasound (US); analogic/digital radiology (RX); Computerized Bone Mineralometry (CBM); Mammography (MX); Computed Tomography (CT); Magnetic Resonance (MR); Nuclear Medicine (NM); Hybrid equipment (PET/CT); Interventional Radiology (IR); Radiotherapy (RT).
-RADIATIONS: Natural and artificial sources of radiation. Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) and Ionizing Radiation (IR). Radioactivity and radioactive decay.
-RADIOBIOLOGY: biological effects of ionizing radiation on the human species; Tissue Radiosensitivity Scale; stochastic, deterministic and genetic effects; Acute irradiation syndrome.
-RADIATION PROTECTION: Historical and legislative premises; National and international organizations for radiation protection; The Ethical Principles of Radioprotection; Dosimetric quantities and Dosimetry; Physical Surveillance; Medical Surveillance; General and specific norms of Radioprotection; Devices for Protection against Ionizing Radiation (individual, collective, environmental); Irradiation, Contamination and Decontamination. Disposal of Radioactive Waste.
-RADIATION PROTECTION IN FERTILE AGE AND IN PREGNANCY: Normative; Effects on the product of conception.
-HOSPITAL INFORMATIC SYSTEMS AND TELERADIOLOGY.
-ROLE OF NURSE IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
-ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN OBSTETRICS
-REFERENCES OF LEGISLATION OF RADIOPROTEZIONISTIC INTEREST:
Presidential Decree n. 185/1964; Legislative Decree 19/9/1994, n. 626;
Legislative Decree 17/3/1995, 230; Legislative Decree 26/5/2000, n.187;
Legislative Decree 9/4/2008, n. 81; Directive 2013/59 / EURATOM.

THE SLIDES OF THE LESSONS WILL BE GIVEN TO THE STUDENTS BY THE TEACHER.

The birth of sociology
Comte
Simmel 
Durkheim
Weber
The society
The group
Primary group 
Secondary group
The Institutions
Social Classes and Social Areas
Edward T. Hall and the study of proxemics
The birth of the sociology of health
From the United States to the Europe
The introduction of the sociology of health into the Italian universities
The new relation doctor-patient
Nurse-patient
The birth of the Nursing Sciences
Transcultural nursing
Madeleine Leininger
Prevention
Primary
Secondary
The relation between sociology and medicine

Sociologia Generale:
Pacifici, Mannheimer, Italie, Sociologia del plurale, Jaca Book, 2018

Sociologia medica:
Ugo G. Pacifici Noja, Sociologia medica, in corso di stampa

Contents:
- psychology applied to the obstetric profession, general aspects, emotional involvement, the principles of therapeutic communication

- Differences between impairment, disability and handicap. Social stereotypes about people with disabilities and social integration of people with disabilities. Psychosocial aspects of adaptation to acquired disabilities and chronic diseases. Problems related to disability and chronic disease, implications for caring; management of psychological needs with disabled or chronic patients, with their families and caregivers

- social stereotypes about elders and social integration of elders. Psychosocial aspects of adaptation to oldness and chronic diseases. Knowledge, management and implications of elders’ psychological needs; psychological or clinical approaches with their families and caregiver

- death, cultural and psychological aspects of dying

- psychological training for midwives and health care workers; management of the relationships with patients, family, caregivers and different types of social supports

- Psychology and psychopathology in pregnancy and post partum, health psychology, clinical models of intervention. Accompaniment to Birth and Parenthood on topics concerning the needs of the newborn and parents, screening programs for pregnant women and families with psycho-social discomforts, counseling. Postpartum interventions to support parental functions on topics such as breastfeeding, weaning, inclusion in kindergarten, and social skills of the child. Support for the socio-emotional-relational development of the newborn, support for families with psycho-social discomforts, counseling, training for health care workers in families counseling centers

-burnout and relevant psycho-social risks for all healh care professionals

Textbook:

Ruth Paradice: Psychology for Midwives – Current Issues in Midwifery Publisher: Mark Allen Group ISBN: 9781856420402

For the preparation of the exam, the student is recommended to integrate with the teaching material provided during the lessons

1. General principles of psychology
What is psychology? History of psychology. Main psychological perspectives. Current psychological areas
2. Neuroscientific and neurobiological foundation of psychology
The brain: principles of anatomy and of physiology. Focus on synapsis and synaptic mechanisms. Brain circuits. Functions, emotions and behaviors: characteristics and neurobiological underpinnings
3. Higher mental functions
Thinking, Languag, Intelligenc, Consciousnes, Learning, Memory: General principles and eatures, brain rocesses involved.
4. Lifespan development
Prenatal psychology, Developmental psychology, Childhood Psychology, Adulthood Psychology, Death psychology
5. Psychopathological and psichiatric disorders (general outlines)
Anxiety disorders; Mood disorders; Psychotic disorders: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, and treatments
6. Personality
Definition and main theories on personality
7. Specific areas.
Psychology of Pregnancy, birth, Puerperium, Psychopatological disorders of the postpartum. Role and impact of midwives

Ruth Paradice: Psychology for Midwives – Current Issues in Midwifery Publisher: Mark Allen Group ISBN: 9781856420402

For the preparation of the exam, the student is recommended to integrate with the teaching material provided during the lessons

Definition of education and definition of Pedagogy. Background. Role of the teacher. Educational context. Social Pedagogy and social context. Scientific reasearch in Pedagogy.

Lessons slides and 5 scientific papers.

Midwifery art and science:
- origins and evolution of midiwery
- different setting of midwifery

Communication and counselling skills for midwifery practice:
- basic concepts on effective communication
- active listening skills
- health promotion and empowerment skills

Search for appropriate information sources to support the professional evidence-based practice
- how to choose among different sources and seek evidence-based information
- how to read and interpret a guideline for midwifery practice

World Health Organization. Counselling for maternal and newborn health care. A handbook for building skills. 2013. Part 2: Counselling, pg 13-70. Available free of charge in English and French.

Kathy A. Jensen. Seven Steps to the Perfect PICO Search. January 09, 2018.

Definition of Midwifery.
Legislation, deontology and organization of the Midwife profession: International associations of Midwifery; Italian legislation of the Midwife profession: Professional profile, Deontological Code, Law 42/99; Autonomy, responsibility, competencies; Professional Orders and National Federation of Orders of the Midwife Profession.
Introduction to basic topics on Midwifery care: Birth place decisions; Introduction to pregnancy, childbirth, post-partum, and puerperium; Primal health, breastfeeding, and infant feeding.
Current strengths and weaknesses of maternity care.

A book by Michel Odent on Primal Health, chosen by the students.

- Definition of health, disease and patient’s needs
- The nursing process applied to midwifery and the care plan
- Hygiene care
- Patient positioning and mobilization
- Fall prevention
- Principles of asepsis
- Hand washing
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Measurement of vital signs
- Health assessment
- Collection of laboratory samples: Collection of urine sample, Collection of stool sample, Capillary blood sampling, Venous sampling for routine and blood culture tests
- Management of drug therapy
- Oral drug administration
- Subcutaneous drug administration
- Intramuscular drug administration
- Intravenous drug administration

- Potter & Perry (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing (9th Ed.) St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.

Mechanisms of cell injury. Cellular stress
Cellular adaptations of growth and differentiation: hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, metaplasia.
Cell Death
Acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Tissue renewal and repair. Regeneration, healing, and fibrosis.
Fever
Nomenclature of tumors. Biology of tumor growth: benign and malignant neoplasms.
Molecular basis of cancer
Metastasis
Hemostasis disorders
Hemodynamic disorders. Thrombosis, embolism. Infarction. Shock. Hypertension, Atherosclerosis
Heart pathophysiology
Red blood cell disorders
Liver pathophysiology
Kidney patophysiology
Endocrine system pathophysiology. General mechanisms of hormonal hypofunction and hyperfunction.

-Slides and materials delivered by the instructors.
-Textbook: Pathology for the Health Professions, 4th Edition, Ivan Damjanov MD PhD. Elsevier.

Complete blood count (CBC), and differential leukocytes or platelet count. Lymphocytes sub-typing. Inflammation biomarkers. Immunological analyses. Blood group systems. Evaluation of hemostatic capabilities. Hemoglobin. Anemia. Bilirubin. Jaundice.
Enzymes. Plasma lipids. Urine analysis. Tumor markers.

Joyce LeFever Kee. Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing implications. (10 th Edition). PEARSON Editor

General Microbiology
Biology and diversity of microbes in the human body and the environment.
Microbe/Host interactions: symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.
Microbial pathogenicity. Infection and disease.
Non-specific and specific host defence mechanisms.
Transmission of infections in hospital and in communities.
Disinfection. Sterilization. Asepsis and antisepsis.
Principles of antimicrobial therapy and of immune-prophylaxis.

Bacteriology
Bacteria: structure, classification, replication and antibacterial agents.
Aerobic Gram-positive Cocci
Aerobic Gram-positive Rods
Acid-fast Bacteria
Aerobic Gram-negative Cocci and Coccobacilli
Aerobic Fermentative Gram-negative Rods
Aerobic Nonfermentative Gram-negative Rods
Anaerobic Bacteria
Spiral-shaped Bacteria
Intracellular Bacteria

Virology
Viruses: structure, classification, replication and antiviral agents.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human Herpesviruses
Respiratory Viruses
Hepatitis Viruses
Gastrointestinal Viruses

Mycology
Fungi: structure, classification, replication and antifungal agents.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous Fungi
Systemic dimorphic Fungi
Opportunistic Fungi

Parasitology
Parasites: classification, role in disease and antiparasitic agents.
Protozoa
Nematodes
Trematodes
Cestodes
Arthropods

Seminars (professional profile)
Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STDs): etiologic agents, clinical presentation, prevention and control.
Infections in pregnancy: impact on the health of mother and child.
The importance to know the pre-conceptional serological status
Congenital, Perinatal and Postnatal Infections: epidemiology, clinical features, microbiological diagnosis, management.

Basic Medical Microbiology 1st Edition by Patrick Murray. Published by Elsevier. Published Date: 18th April 2017. ISBN: 9780323476768

Alternative textbooks:

Medical Microbiology 8th edition by Murray P, Rosenthal K, Pfaller M. Imprint: Elsevier. Published date: 28th October 2015 Paperback ISBN: 9780323299565.

Microbiology: A Systems Approach 5th Edition By Marjorie Kelly Cowan
Imprint: Mc Graw Hill Ed.| Published Date: February 8, 2017 Paperbach ISBN-13: 978-1259706615; ISBN-10: 1259706613

1. Midwifery care for the newborn in the delivery room: mother-child bonding, clearing airway, maintenance of body temperature, timing of cord clamping, APGAR score, newborn's identification, early breastfeeding, neonatal prophylaxis: prevention of vitamin K deficiency haemorrhage and neonatal ophthalmia, baby's first bath, newborn measurements.

2. The newborn in his first days of life: umbilical cord care, bath, physiological weight loss in the breastfed neonate, newborn hygiene, neonatal jaundice, baby's first days: bowel movements and urination.

3. The midwife during postpartum and puerperium: the immediate 2 hours after childbirth and the first 6-8 weeks after birth in low-risk pregnancies and eutocic deliveries.

4. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus and Newborn (HDFN), in particular that one due to RhD incompatibility: the anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis.

5. Contraceptive methods: summary, description, appropriate way of use.
- Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
- Emergency contraception (EC)

6. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD): summary, diagnosis and tests, prevention and risk factors, treatments and therapies, statistics and research.

Mayes' Midwifery; Editors: Sue Macdonald, Gail Johnson; Elsevier.

PREGNANCY. The concept of risk in childbirth, low-risk pregnancy and organization of care. Health promotion and preconception care. Confirming pregnancy, care of the pregnant women, antenatal investigations. Education for parenthood. Laws and policies on maternity and paternity. Voluntary termination of pregnancy. Anonymous birth. Pregnancy loss, stillbirth, and the sudden infant death syndrome.
PREVENTION OF DISEASES IN GYNECOLOGY. Cervical cancer screening, urinary tract infections, vaginitis.

Macdonald & Johnson. (2017). Mayes' Midwifery. Elsevier.

Secondary and primary prevention.
Execution of vaginal cervical and urethral swab test. First and second level screening prevention for uterine cervix cancer . Pap test ,HPV test and colposcopy.
Invasive and non invasive prenatal diagnosis : devices and instruments needed for the midwifery assistance.

"Ostetrica" 3 volumi, di Costantini e Calistri, Piccin.

- excretory functions
- diuresis and diuresis disorders; urine alteration. Urine tests: urine collection for chemical and cultural examination and 24-hour urine collection, urine test strip
- temporary and permanent bladder catheterization, bladder lavage, bladder irrigation.
- bowel evacuation disorders, stool analysis, enema, manual evacuation. Stool tests: rectal swab, stool culture, fecal occult blood test
- Wound dressing
- Electrocardiogram
- Blood transfusion

Fundamentals of Nursing (9th ed), Potter & Perry (2017), St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier