Degree Course: Imaging and Radiotherapy techniques Syllabus for A.Y. 2023/2024

Italian version

FIRST YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90171 - I.C. Biological and biochemical foundations of living systems (objectives) The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice.
- Applied biology (objectives) The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice. In details: The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice. - Bruni Emanuele (syllabus) - Origin of life. Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell. Bacteria and archaeobacteria. Virus. - Structure and function of biological molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Water and pH. - How to study the cell (optical and electronic microscopes; biochemical methods). - Cellular compartments and organelles (the plasma membrane, the nucleus, the cytoskeleton, the endoplasmic reticulum, the ribosomes, the Golgi complex, the mitochondria, the chloroplasts, the peroxisomes, the lysosomes and the vacuoles). - Movement of molecules. Passive transport, active transport, endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis), exocytosis. - Nucleic acids. DNA and RNA. Transcription and translation. Regulation of gene expression. - Cell cycle. Types of cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (mitosis and meiosis). - Protein biosynthesis. - Sexual reproduction and its evolutionary meaning. - Tissues, stem cells and cancer. Genes that are critical for cancer development: proto-oncogenes and tumours suppressor genes. (reference books) 1. Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D. Johnson, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter. “Essential Cell Biology (Fifth Edition)”. Casa editrice: W. W. Norton & Company. 2019. 2. Peter H. Raven, George Johnson, Kenneth A. Mason, Jonathan B. Losos, Tod Duncan. “Biology”. Casa editrice: McGraw-Hill Education, 2019.	2	BIO/13	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Radiobiology (objectives) The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice. In details: Radiobiology teaching aims to introduce the student to the radiological discipline and to provide him with the basic knowledge of radiation physics and radiobiology. - Ciabattoni Antonella (syllabus) • Definition and physical principles of Radiation and distinction between types of radiation (Non-Ionizing Radiation and Ionizing Radiation). • Main sources of natural and artificial radiation. Radioactivity and radioactive decay • Effects of radiation on DNA and mechanisms of repair of radio-induced damage; effects of radiation exposure to tissues, organs and the whole organism • Use of radiation in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy (reference books) 1. Radiation Biology: A Handbook For Teachers And Students, IAEA Training Course Series 42, 2010 2. Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed.	1	MED/36	10	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Biochemistry (objectives) The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice. In details: The teaching of Biochemistry will allow you to acquire knowledge of the main biological macromolecules, of the functioning mechanism of enzymes, a general knowledge of the main metabolic pathways and, in more detail, of the main pathway of glucose catabolism. - Nicolai Eleonora (syllabus) • Structure / function of biological molecules: Structure of proteins: amino acids; peptide bond; primary structure; tertiary and quaternary secondary. Protein functions. Myoglobin and haemoglobin. Enzymes: characteristics and functioning; enzymatic inhibition mechanisms. • Glucose catabolism: the anaerobic catabolic pathway, glycolysis and fermentations. • The aerobic catabolic pathway: the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The regulation: hormones and vitamins • Fatty acid catabolism: Beta oxidation. Ketogenesis (reference books) 1. ”Biochemistry”, D. R. Ferrier Wolters Kluwer; 2. “Lehningher principles of biochemistry”, D. L. Nelson, M.M. Cox (2017) W.H. Freeman & Co.	2	BIO/10	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology (objectives) The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice. In details: The teaching of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology aims to provide students with the theoretical-practical knowledge of the basic principles of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology underlying the execution and evaluation of laboratory diagnostic tests. - Pieroni Luisa (syllabus) - Definition, limits and aims of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology as disciplines of Laboratory Medicine. - General organization of the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory: from the request for analysis to the report. - Reference ranges, critical values - Sources of variability in the pre-analytical and analytical phase, intra and inter-individual biological variability, concepts of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and their applications. Internal and external quality control - Balance of body fluids and electrolytes. Acid-base balance. Conditions associated with abnormal electrolyte composition or acid-base balance - Plasma proteins and enzymes as biomarkers of tissue and organ damage. Evaluation of plasma / serum enzymes and metabolites for diagnostic purposes. - Introduction to Clinical Molecular Biology and Molecular Biomarkers - Methods of preparation and analysis of proteins and nucleic acids in clinical diagnostics (E.g. immuno-detections and immunoassays of proteins, protein and nucleic acid electrophoresis, PCR, gene sequencing, arrays, LC-MS, etc) - Molecular diagnostic tests (genetic and oncological diseases) (reference books) 1. Michael J. Murphy & Rajeev Srivastava & Kevin Deans “Clinical Biochemistry”, Sixth Edition , Elsevier 2. Michael M. Cox, Jennifer Doudna, Michael O'Donnell. “Molecular Biology: Principles and Practice”; W H Freeman & Co; 2	2	BIO/12	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Genetics (objectives) The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice. In details: The aim of the Medical Genetics course is to provide students with the knowledge of the inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal, and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course, the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize their transmission. - Cascella Raffaella (syllabus) - Introduction of genetics and terminology: haploid, diploid, gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dominance, recessive allele, codominance. - Genetic Variants (mutations/polymorphisms) and inter-individual variability. - Mendel's laws. Transmission patterns of Mendelian (or monogenic) traits: autosomal recessive and dominant inheritance, inheritance linked to recessive and dominant sex, Y-linked. Mitochondrial inheritance. - Risk calculations related to the above models and analysis of family trees. - The genetics of the main blood groups (AB0, Rh) and fetal maternal incompatibility. - Concepts of penetrance, expressiveness, anticipation, consanguinity, genetic heterogeneity - Structure and characteristics of human chromosomes. Chromosome abnormalities: morphological and numerical alteration. Chromosome abnormalities and clinical significance. - Multifactorial traits and Personalized Medicine. - Genetic counselling, genetic tests and their clinical applications. (reference books) “Medical Genetics”, autori: Lynn Jorde John Carey Michael Bamshad. Edizioni Elsevier	1	MED/03	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Microbiology (objectives) The teaching of Biological and Biochemical Bases of Life, through the integration of biological and medical disciplines, is aimed at making the student acquire knowledge relating to the physiological, morphological, structural, and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the causes of occurrence of events pathological even of microbial origin. The student will also be introduced to the logic and tools underlying the execution of diagnostic tests of clinical biochemistry and molecular biology and radiology. At the end of integrated teaching, the student, thanks to the basic knowledge acquired, will be able to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms and to interpret and evaluate the results of diagnostic and radiological tests in clinical practice. In details: Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial ethology are essential objectives of teaching Microbiology. - Bouba Yagai (syllabus) - Basic principles of microbiology: morphology and structure of the bacterial cell. Bacterial spore structure and sporulation process. Gram stain and stain for acid resistance. Metabolism, growth and bacterial replication. Sterilization, disinfection, asepsis. Morphology of viral particles. Cell tropism and host spectrum. Viral enzymes. Virus classification. Stages of viral replication - Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis: Demonstration of the causal nature between pathogen and disease: Koch postulates. Normal microbial flora of our organism. Host-microorganism interactions: Commensalism-Mutualism - Parasitism. Factors that influence the "host-microorganism" balance. Method of transmission of the infection. Stages of the infectious process. Bacterial virulence factors. - Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and interaction with the host: Method of transmission. Stages of the infectious process. Localized and disseminated infection. Persistence and latency status. Viral oncogenesis. Cytopathic effect induced by viruses. Alteration of expression of genes and / or cellular proteins (reference books) The basics of Microbiology. Authors: Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe Bruce D. Fisher	1	MED/07	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
90172 - I.C. Anatomy, histology and human physiology (objectives) At the end of the course, the student must be able to: Describe the macroscopic organization of the human body, using anatomical terminology appropriately; describe the main body cavities; describe the individual organs of the various apparatuses and systems from a macroscopic, microscopic and topographical point of view. The purpose of the teaching is, starting from the knowledge of the basic concepts and normal quantitative parameters of body functions and their variations in the different conditions of dynamic engagement, to develop in the student the ability to understand the principles of the functioning of the human body. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis will then be analyzed in the context of changes in the environment. The course aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student should acquire correct terminology and develop those skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate, will then have to use in the planning and management of work activities. Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics with particular regard to the processes underlying the radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed and the correspondence between the normal anatomy and physiology of the human body with the reference radiological pictures in traditional and non-traditional radiology.
- Human anatomy and radiological anatomy - Vitali Andrea (syllabus) LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS (12 hours): Embryonic development of locomotor apparatus. Axial skeleton: skull, vertebral column, vertebrae, pelvic girdle. Appendicular skeleton: shoulder girdle, arm bones, forearm and hand, thigh bones, leg and foot. Joints: classification and movements. Temporo-mandibular, sternoclavicular, shoulder, intervertebral joints, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, wrist and hand. Joints of the hip, knee, ankle. Muscular skeletal system. Axial muscles: head, neck, extrinsic muscles of the eye, tongue, pharynx, larynx, main muscles associated with the spine, diaphragm, muscles of the perineum and urogenital diaphragm. Appendicular muscles: shoulder girdle, arm, forearm and hand. Muscles of the thigh, leg and foot. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (8 hours): Embryonic development of cardiovascular system. Heart, coronary circulation, thoracic aorta, abdominal and their main branches. Willis polygon. Main arteries of the upper and lower limbs. Venous system: hollow veins and its major tributaries. Main veins of the upper limb, thorax, abdomen and lower limb. Portal circulation. Fetal circulation. General information on the lymphatic system. SPLANCNOLOGY (8 hours). Embryonic development of splanchnic organs. Microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine tracts. NEUROANATOMY (12 hours): Embryonic development of nervous system. Spinal cord: segments and internal organization: gray matter, ascending and descending tracts. Anatomy and pathways of spinal nerves, nerve plexuses and reflex arches. Brain stem (Medulla oblongata, Pons, Mesencephalon): internal and external structure. Cranial nerves: pathways and nuclei of origin and innervation. Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Epithalamus): internal and external structure. Thalamic and hypotalamic nuclei. Telencephalon: internal and external structure. Anatomical and functional organization of the cerebral cortex. Allocortex. Basal ganglia: anatomy and afferent and efferent pathways. Cerebellum: internal and external structure. Ventricle system. Meninges. Blood circulation of the brain and dural sinuses. Sensory system: spinothalamic tract, fascicolus gracilis and cuneatus tracts, spinocerebellar tract. Conduction of pain. Visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory and limbic system. Motor system: pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Motor nuclei. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Enteric nervous system. (reference books) - Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy, - Tortora: Human Anatomy, - Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology - “Bloom and Fawcett's Concise Histology”, Don W. Fawcett, Ronald P. Jensh, William Bloom – 2nd Edition - Hodder Arnold. - “Berne & Levy Physiology”, Sixth Updated Edition - “Sherwood” ninth edition - “Guyton-Hall" - Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed. - Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques 9th Edition by Lampignano John; Kendrick, Leslie E., 2017 Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas	4	BIO/16	40	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Radiological anatomy (objectives) At the end of the course, the student must be able to: Describe the macroscopic organization of the human body, using anatomical terminology appropriately; describe the main body cavities; describe the individual organs of the various apparatuses and systems from a macroscopic, microscopic and topographical point of view. The purpose of the teaching is, starting from the knowledge of the basic concepts and normal quantitative parameters of body functions and their variations in the different conditions of dynamic engagement, to develop in the student the ability to understand the principles of the functioning of the human body. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis will then be analyzed in the context of changes in the environment. The course aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student should acquire correct terminology and develop those skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate, will then have to use in the planning and management of work activities. Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics with particular regard to the processes underlying the radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed and the correspondence between the normal anatomy and physiology of the human body with the reference radiological pictures in traditional and non-traditional radiology. - Ciabattoni Antonella (syllabus) 1. Radiographic anatomy of the head and neck region 2. Radiographic anatomy of the thorax 3. Radiographic anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis 4. Radiographic anatomy of the limbs 5. Principles of radiological protection (reference books) - Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy, - Tortora: Human Anatomy, - Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology - “Bloom and Fawcett's Concise Histology”, Don W. Fawcett, Ronald P. Jensh, William Bloom – 2nd Edition - Hodder Arnold. - “Berne & Levy Physiology”, Sixth Updated Edition - “Sherwood” ninth edition - “Guyton-Hall" - Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed. - Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques 9th Edition by Lampignano John; Kendrick, Leslie E., 2017 Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas	1	MED/36	10	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Histology (objectives) At the end of the course, the student must be able to: Describe the macroscopic organization of the human body, using anatomical terminology appropriately; describe the main body cavities; describe the individual organs of the various apparatuses and systems from a macroscopic, microscopic and topographical point of view. The purpose of the teaching is, starting from the knowledge of the basic concepts and normal quantitative parameters of body functions and their variations in the different conditions of dynamic engagement, to develop in the student the ability to understand the principles of the functioning of the human body. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis will then be analyzed in the context of changes in the environment. The course aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student should acquire correct terminology and develop those skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate, will then have to use in the planning and management of work activities. Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics with particular regard to the processes underlying the radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed and the correspondence between the normal anatomy and physiology of the human body with the reference radiological pictures in traditional and non-traditional radiology. - Massimiani Micol (syllabus) PREPARATION OF TISSUES FOR HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. Microscopy, preservation of biological structures, stainings. EPITHELIAL TISSUE. General characteristics of epithelia, junctions, polarity of epithelial cells, surface specializations, basal lamina, classification of epithelia, endothelium, absorbent epithelium, pseudostratified epithelium, transitional epithelium, epidermis, glandular epithelia (exocrine and endocrine glands). CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Histological organization: extracellular matrix (macromolecules of the ground substance, collagen and elastic fibers) and connective cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and mast cells). The different types of connective proper: loose and dense (irregular and regular). The white and brown adipose tissue. Supportive connective tissues: cartilage (cells and extracellular matrix, hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage, growth and repair) and bone (cells and extracellular matrix, compact and spongy bone, osteogenesis, growth and repair). Blood: plasma and serum, cells (red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes), platelets, hematopoiesis. Outline of the lymphatic system. MUSCLE TISSUE. Skeletal muscle: organization of muscle fibers, myofibrils and myofilaments, sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, neuromuscular junction, contraction mechanism, regeneration. Cardiac muscle: structure of cardiomyocytes (intercalated discs, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofilaments), Purkinje fibers, regeneration. Smooth muscle: structure of smooth muscle cells, contractile apparatus, regeneration. NERVOUS TISSUE. The neuron. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves. Synapses. Glial cells. (reference books) - Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy, - Tortora: Human Anatomy, - Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology - “Bloom and Fawcett's Concise Histology”, Don W. Fawcett, Ronald P. Jensh, William Bloom – 2nd Edition - Hodder Arnold. - “Berne & Levy Physiology”, Sixth Updated Edition - “Sherwood” ninth edition - “Guyton-Hall" - Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed. - Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques 9th Edition by Lampignano John; Kendrick, Leslie E., 2017 Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas	1	BIO/17	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Human physiology (objectives) At the end of the course, the student must be able to: Describe the macroscopic organization of the human body, using anatomical terminology appropriately; describe the main body cavities; describe the individual organs of the various apparatuses and systems from a macroscopic, microscopic and topographical point of view. The purpose of the teaching is, starting from the knowledge of the basic concepts and normal quantitative parameters of body functions and their variations in the different conditions of dynamic engagement, to develop in the student the ability to understand the principles of the functioning of the human body. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis will then be analyzed in the context of changes in the environment. The course aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student should acquire correct terminology and develop those skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate, will then have to use in the planning and management of work activities. Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics with particular regard to the processes underlying the radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed and the correspondence between the normal anatomy and physiology of the human body with the reference radiological pictures in traditional and non-traditional radiology. - Scorretti Massimo (syllabus) Cell Membrane Physiology: -Transport of ions and molecules across the cell membrane - Membrane potential and action potential Muscle Physiology: -Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue. - Neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling. - Motor unit Nervous System Physiology: -The sensory system: decoding and processing of sensory information. -The motor system: general characteristics of the motor system: involuntary, voluntary and automatic movements; the spinal reflexes; brain stem control of movement: posture and balance. Cortical control of voluntary movements. The cerebellum: general characteristics, functions of the cerebellum. The basal ganglia: functional role. - The autonomic nervous system. - Integrative functions of the nervous system. Cardiovascular Physiology: -Myocardial physiology: functional anatomy of the myocardium, action potentials of the myocardium, contraction of the heart muscle. - Cardiac cycle -Nervous control of cardiac activity. -General principles of hemodynamics. -Regulation of circulation, blood pressure and blood flow. -Cardiac output: principles of regulation of cardiac output. - Heart tones. The Respiratory System: -Pulmonary ventilation: respiratory mechanics, lung volumes and capacities. Respiratory tract -Gaseous exchanges: diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane. -Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids. -Regulation of breathing: general principles. - Acid-base balance regulation: general principles. Body fluids and kidney function: -Functional anatomy of the kidney, function of the nephron. Glomerular filtration: general principles. - Processing of glomerular filtrate: reabsorption and tubular secretion, -Control of osmolarity and sodium concentration of the extracellular fluid: general principles. -Renal regulation of blood volume: general principles The endocrine system: -General principles of endocrinology: nature of a hormone; general picture of the endocrine glands and their hormones. Principles of general functioning of hormones. (reference books) - Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy, - Tortora: Human Anatomy, - Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology - “Bloom and Fawcett's Concise Histology”, Don W. Fawcett, Ronald P. Jensh, William Bloom – 2nd Edition - Hodder Arnold. - “Berne & Levy Physiology”, Sixth Updated Edition - “Sherwood” ninth edition - “Guyton-Hall" - Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed. - Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques 9th Edition by Lampignano John; Kendrick, Leslie E., 2017 Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas	2	BIO/09	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
90173 - I.C. Information technology, statistics and physics applied to radiological sciences (objectives) It is an essential objective of the Medical Statistics Applied to radiological sciences module to learn the knowledge of the essential elements of medical statistics which include: parameters for descriptive analysis (average, median, fashion and frequency measurement of the distribution of categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance , standard deviation and confidence intervals) and elements of inferential statistics (use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression techniques. The module of Information Technology applied to Radiological Sciences aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the technical-health professions.The module of Data processing and storage intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the role of Information Systems and their lifecycle, specifically focusing on database management systems. The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics module within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the module, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy.
- Medical statistics applied to radiological sciences (objectives) It is an essential objective of the Medical Statistics Applied to radiological sciences module to learn the knowledge of the essential elements of medical statistics which include: parameters for descriptive analysis (average, median, fashion and frequency measurement of the distribution of categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance , standard deviation and confidence intervals) and elements of inferential statistics (use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression techniques. The module of Information Technology applied to Radiological Sciences aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the technical-health professions. The module of Data processing and storage intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the role of Information Systems and their lifecycle, specifically focusing on database management systems. The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics module within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the module, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy. - Sane Schepisi Monica (syllabus) ● Types of data, evaluation and presentation of data: central tendency measures, measures of variability ● Probability: assessment and role of probability ● The Normal distribution, Sampling techniques ● Principles of statistical inference ● Inference from a sample mean, Comparison of two averages; Inference from a sample proportion, Comparison between two proportions ● The Hypothesis testing system, Chi square test ● Linear regression ● The evaluation of diagnostic tests, Measurements reproducibility ● Introduction to multivariate regression, Multiple linear regression (reference books) Essential Medical Statistics, 2nd Edition by Betty R. Kirkwood, Jonathan A. C. Sterne	1	MED/01	10	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Information technology applied to radiological sciences (objectives) It is an essential objective of the Medical Statistics Applied to radiological sciences module to learn the knowledge of the essential elements of medical statistics which include: parameters for descriptive analysis (average, median, fashion and frequency measurement of the distribution of categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance , standard deviation and confidence intervals) and elements of inferential statistics (use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression techniques. The module of Information Technology applied to Radiological Sciences aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the technical-health professions. The module of Data processing and storage intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the role of Information Systems and their lifecycle, specifically focusing on database management systems. The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics module within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the module, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy. - Del Greco Luca (syllabus) • Introduction to information systems • Types of information systems • The life cycle of information systems • Database and Database Management System (DBMS) (reference books) Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning	2	INF/01	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Data processing and storage (objectives) It is an essential objective of the Medical Statistics Applied to radiological sciences module to learn the knowledge of the essential elements of medical statistics which include: parameters for descriptive analysis (average, median, fashion and frequency measurement of the distribution of categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance , standard deviation and confidence intervals) and elements of inferential statistics (use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression techniques. The module of Information Technology applied to Radiological Sciences aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the technical-health professions. The module of Data processing and storage intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the role of Information Systems and their lifecycle, specifically focusing on database management systems. The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics module within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the module, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy. - Del Greco Luca (syllabus) • Introduction to information systems • Types of information systems • The life cycle of information systems • Database and Database Management System (DBMS) (reference books) Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning	2	ING-INF/05	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Basics of physics and radiations physics (objectives) It is an essential objective of the Medical Statistics Applied to radiological sciences module to learn the knowledge of the essential elements of medical statistics which include: parameters for descriptive analysis (average, median, fashion and frequency measurement of the distribution of categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance , standard deviation and confidence intervals) and elements of inferential statistics (use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression techniques. The module of Information Technology applied to Radiological Sciences aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the technical-health professions. The module of Data processing and storage intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the role of Information Systems and their lifecycle, specifically focusing on database management systems. The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics module within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the module, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy. - Stravato Antonella	3	FIS/07	30	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90174 - Diagnostic imaging techniques 1 (objectives) The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The teaching aims to provide the student with the necessary skills to perform in complete autonomy or with the radiology specialist, all radiological practices in order to be able to perform anatomical projections of the different skeletal segments, and where provided examinations with the use of contrast medium, he/she will have to demonstrate a good technical-practical and radiation protection knowledge for the performance of the different examinations required in traditional radiology. The course aims to provide to the student knowledge of physiologica, physiopathological, clinical and diagnostic application of the imaging technique in order to optimize scientific and tecnical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this technical application is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide the student with the necessary skills to perform all the breast diagnostic tests of his competence at the best quality standard.
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy (objectives) The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The teaching aims to provide the student with the necessary skills to perform in complete autonomy or with the radiology specialist, all radiological practices in order to be able to perform anatomical projections of the different skeletal segments, and where provided examinations with the use of contrast medium, he/she will have to demonstrate a good technical-practical and radiation protection knowledge for the performance of the different examinations required in traditional radiology. The course aims to provide to the student knowledge of physiologica, physiopathological, clinical and diagnostic application of the imaging technique in order to optimize scientific and tecnical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this technical application is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide the student with the necessary skills to perform all the breast diagnostic tests of his competence at the best quality standard. essional skills. - Argiro' Renato (syllabus) Heart and mediastinum. Lesions of the lung parenchyma and pleura: pathology and radiological imaging. X-ray of the abdomen. Fractures. Inflammatory and neoplastic joint and bone lesions. Joint and bone neoplastic and degenerative lesions. Skull (study of the sellar region, study of the facial massif, study of the occipital scale). Cervical Dorsal Lumbar Sacred Homer Elbow Radio and ulna. Carpo. Ribs Clavicle. Sternum. Hip (study of the iliac wings, study of the sacroiliac joints). Coxo-femoral joint. Femur. Knee. Tibia and fibula .. Tibio joint. Foot. X-ray of the whole spine. Orthopantomography. Chest. Abdomen. Radiological studies in first aid patients. Radiological studies in outpatient patients. Pediatric Radiological studie. Radiological studies in prengancy. Notes on patient informed consent. Radiological study of the breast. (reference books) • Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors • PASSARIELLO: Elementi di tecnica radiologica e diagnostica per immagini	2	MED/36	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical sciences and techniques (objectives) The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The teaching aims to provide the student with the necessary skills to perform in complete autonomy or with the radiology specialist, all radiological practices in order to be able to perform anatomical projections of the different skeletal segments, and where provided examinations with the use of contrast medium, he/she will have to demonstrate a good technical-practical and radiation protection knowledge for the performance of the different examinations required in traditional radiology. The course aims to provide to the student knowledge of physiologica, physiopathological, clinical and diagnostic application of the imaging technique in order to optimize scientific and tecnical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this technical application is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide the student with the necessary skills to perform all the breast diagnostic tests of his competence at the best quality standard. - Pacifici Stefano (syllabus) • Senology and breast radiographer • Physical and biological conditions for the formation of the mammographic image • History of mammography, from analog to digital imaging • Mammographic technique • Mammography artifacts • Criteria of correctness and self-assessment of the quality of the exam performed • Additional/Special views • Communication and relationship (reference books) • Pacifici S. “Mammografia. Manuale teorico pratico per tecnici sanitari di radiologia medica”. MB Edizioni • Pacifici S. “Lo standard di qualità nella mammografia di screening”. MB Edizioni • Hogg, Kelly, Mercer (Eds.). “Digital mammography. A holistic approach”. Springer • Borrelli C, Mercer. “Clark's Essential guide to mammography. CRC Press • Pacifici S. “La relazione Tecnico di radiologia-paziente nel percorso senologico. Un approccio olistico". MB Edizioni - Santarelli Federico (syllabus) • X ray remote controlled • thoravision • orthopantomograph • computerized bone mineralogy (m.o.c) • tomograph • mobile radiological systems • direct and indirect digital image detection systems (reference books) • Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors - Varchetta Celestino (syllabus) • Execution of conventional AP and LL projections of skeletal districts • Execution of special screenings: (axial, obligatory, tangential, etc.) • Execution of examinations in clino or orthostatis. • Radiation protection regulations in force, and technical applications. • Performing contrastographic examinations: • RX Esophagus • RX Stomach • RX Digestive system • RX Opaque Clisma • RX Urography • RX Cistouretrografia • RX Hysterosalpingography • RX Defecography (reference books) CLARK’S Positioning in Radiography A.Stewart Whitley, Charles Sloane, Graham Hoadley, Adrian D.Moore, Chrissie W.Alsop HODDER ARNOLD. THE WHO MANUAL of DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Radiographic Anatomy, interpretation of the Muscoloskeletal System A.Mark Davies, Holger pettersson HOLGER PETTERSSON	6	MED/50	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90175 - I.C. General Hygiene, Radiological Instruments and Radiological protection (objectives) The course has objectives in terms of knowledge concerning both clinical problems related to the work activity and the rules that regulate the correct behavior in the workplace, designed to protect the health and safety of the worker as well as any third parties. Other learning objectives are in terms of ability and concern the correct actions to be taken in the event of accidents or occupational diseases. The two previous objectives act as a corollary to the third learning objective, consisting of learning in terms of expected behaviors related to responsibility, as potential employers, towards collaborators and employees. The course aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that computer networks and communication devices play for today's society, also introducing the related challenges in terms of security and privacy.
- Electronics and Information Technology (objectives) The course intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the essential role of computer networks and communication devices in our society, along with the relevant security and privacy issues. - Del Greco Luca (syllabus) • Introduction to computer networks • Topology, architecture, and size of computer networks • Communications protocols and networking standards • The Internet and the Web • Security and privacy issues at Internet time (reference books) Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning	2	ING-INF/07	20	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Radiological protection (objectives) The aim of the course is to provide students with the basic concepts for acquiring information on Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy equipment and their indications, as well as providing the basic notions of Radiation Protection. The acquisition of knowledge, both in the form of lectures and with the support of lecture notes provided by the Teacher, and the ability to understand are stimulated and controlled during the course and verified, at the end of the course, by final exam. - Guarnera Alessia (syllabus) Radiological Equipment Radiations Radiobiology Radioprotection Seminar: Law 101/2020: Focus on the Radiological Implications (reference books) Didactic documents provided by the Professor.	2	MED/36	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Workplace safety (objectives) The main targets of the course are related both to clinical issues regarding the occupational setting and the legislation stating the correct rules at work, in order the preserve the health and safety of the workers and, in some cases, also of other persons.. Other learning targets are the ability to perform correct actions in the case of accidents or occupational diseases. These two targets are propedeutical to a third learning target regarding the expected behaviour to be held from the side of the employer with respect to the employes. - Pietroiusti Antonio (syllabus) KEY CONCEPTS: Occupational Risk Occupational Disease Accident at work Health surveillance Topic I. Historical evolution of Occupational Medicine (Castellino, Anzelmo, Castellani, Pofi. Breve storia della Medicina del lavoro in Italia. Pag 15-165) Topic II Chemical risk in Occupational Medicine (Perbellini, Sartorelli, Satta, Cocco, Genovese, Monaco, Miraglia, Oddone, Taino, Imbriani, Colosio, Candura, Manzo. Parte Terza Agenti Chimici. In “Manuale di Medicina del Lavoro” a cura di Tomei, Candura, Sannolo, Sartorelli, Costa, Perbellini, Larese-Filon, Maestrelli, Magrini, Bartolucci, Ricci. Pag 165-245) Topic III Risk related to physical agents (De Vito, Riva, Cassano, Tomei, Suppi, Albera, Pimpinella, Peretti, Pasqua di Bisceglie, Gambelunghe, Abbritti, Trenta, Gobba. Parte Seconda. Agenti Fisici. In “Manuale di Medicina del Lavoro” a cura di Tomei, Candura, Sannolo, Sartorelli, Costa, Perbellini, Larese-Filon, Maestrelli, Magrini, Bartolucci, Ricci. Pag 109-161) Topic IV. Biological risk (Porru, Arici, Rosati, Giubilati, Suppi, Fidanza, Ricci, Nardone, Tomei. Parte Quarta. Agenti Biologici. In “Manuale di Medicina del Lavoro” a cura di Tomei, Candura, Sannolo, Sartorelli, Costa, Perbellini, Larese-Filon, Maestrelli, Magrini, Bartolucci, Ricci. Pag 249-269) Topic V. Alcohol and drug abuse at work (Bordini, Briatico-Vangosa. Parte Quinta. Alcol e droghe sul luogo di lavoro. In “Manuale di Medicina del Lavoro” a cura di Tomei, Candura, Sannolo, Sartorelli, Costa, Perbellini, Larese-Filon, Maestrelli, Magrini, Bartolucci, Ricci. Pag 347-352) (reference books) “Manuale di Medicina del Lavoro” a cura di Tomei, Candura, Sannolo, Sartorelli, Costa, Perbellini, Larese-Filon, Maestrelli, Magrini, Bartolucci, Ricci. Pag 1-526 ”Medicina del Lavoro. Manuale per le professioni sanitarie” Sacco, Ciavarella, De Lorenzo. Pag 1-195	3	MED/44	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90177 - Annual clinical practice - Santarelli Federico	17	MED/50	-	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90226 - Information Technology/Seminar activities - Santarelli Federico	2		-	10	-	-	Other activities	ENG
90176 - professional laboratory - Pietroiusti Antonio	1		-	-	10	-	Other activities	ENG

SECOND YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90178 - I.C. Medical and clinical sciences 1 (objectives) The educational purposes of the teaching are oriented to provide students with the necessary knowledge of orthopaedic and traumatic pathology in adulthood and developmental age with particular attention to degenerative and traumatic injuries of the joints (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle). The student must acquire theoretical knowledge relating to real and radiographic anatomy and to the main pathologies of the jawbones and the stomatognathic system. He must also identify the main diagnostic questions posed by the dental specialist and know the radiographic examinations relevant to this district. For each pathological condition, the classification criteria, the main clinical signs, the necessary radiographic projections as well as the most appropriate radiological techniques for the definition of the pathology will be described. The student will have to know the predisposing conditions and the clinical characteristics of the different solid neoplastic pathologies for the definition of a diagnostic procedure. The knowledge of prognostic and predictive factors according to the characteristics linked to the neoplasm and the patient, will allow to understand the management strategy of the different tumors, taking into account the therapeutic options applicable in the various stages of the disease and their side effects in order to integrate the knowledge of the professional profile with a view to multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, the student, possessing the basic notions relating to Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, will be able to further enrich his / her skills with those of other professional healthcare professionals.
- Diseases of the Locomotive system (objectives) The educational purposes of the teaching are oriented to provide students with the necessary knowledge of orthopaedic and traumatic pathology in adulthood and developmental age with particular attention to degenerative and traumatic injuries of the joints (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle). The student must acquire theoretical knowledge relating to real and radiographic anatomy and to the main pathologies of the jawbones and the stomatognathic system. He must also identify the main diagnostic questions posed by the dental specialist and know the radiographic examinations relevant to this district. For each pathological condition, the classification criteria, the main clinical signs, the necessary radiographic projections as well as the most appropriate radiological techniques for the definition of the pathology will be described. The student will have to know the predisposing conditions and the clinical characteristics of the different solid neoplastic pathologies for the definition of a diagnostic procedure. The knowledge of prognostic and predictive factors according to the characteristics linked to the neoplasm and the patient, will allow to understand the management strategy of the different tumors, taking into account the therapeutic options applicable in the various stages of the disease and their side effects in order to integrate the knowledge of the professional profile with a view to multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, the student, possessing the basic notions relating to Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, will be able to further enrich his / her skills with those of other professional healthcare professionals. - Franceschi Francesco (syllabus) • Introduction to musculoskeletal pathology o Bone injuries o Muscle injuries o Capsuloligamentous lesions • Traumatic pathology o Fractures o Dislocations o Distortion • Shoulder pathology • Knee pathology • Hip pathology • Foot pathology • Pathology of the spine • Paediatric pathology • Elements of oncological pathology (reference books) • Greene Walter. “Netter's Orthopaedics” Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, United States (2006). ISBN 10: 1929007027 ISBN 13: 9781929007028 - Moroni Antonio (syllabus) • Introduction to musculoskeletal pathology o Bone injuries o Muscle injuries o Capsuloligamentous lesions • Traumatic pathology o Fractures o Dislocations o Distortion • Shoulder pathology • Knee pathology • Hip pathology • Foot pathology • Pathology of the spine • Paediatric pathology • Elements of oncological pathology (reference books) • Greene Walter. “Netter's Orthopaedics” Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, United States (2006). ISBN 10: 1929007027 ISBN 13: 9781929007028	2	MED/33	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical oncology (objectives) The educational purposes of the teaching are oriented to provide students with the necessary knowledge of orthopaedic and traumatic pathology in adulthood and developmental age with particular attention to degenerative and traumatic injuries of the joints (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle). The student must acquire theoretical knowledge relating to real and radiographic anatomy and to the main pathologies of the jawbones and the stomatognathic system. He must also identify the main diagnostic questions posed by the dental specialist and know the radiographic examinations relevant to this district. For each pathological condition, the classification criteria, the main clinical signs, the necessary radiographic projections as well as the most appropriate radiological techniques for the definition of the pathology will be described. The student will have to know the predisposing conditions and the clinical characteristics of the different solid neoplastic pathologies for the definition of a diagnostic procedure. The knowledge of prognostic and predictive factors according to the characteristics linked to the neoplasm and the patient, will allow to understand the management strategy of the different tumors, taking into account the therapeutic options applicable in the various stages of the disease and their side effects in order to integrate the knowledge of the professional profile with a view to multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, the student, possessing the basic notions relating to Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, will be able to further enrich his / her skills with those of other professional healthcare professionals. - Riondino Silvia (syllabus) • Anatomy of the jaws and the stomatognathic system with particular reference to bone and dental structures • Notes on the main pathologies: • Anomalies of the teeth (of shape, volume, number, structure, position, location) and of the eruption era • Dental trauma • Cavity • Parodontopatie • Apical periodontitis • Cystic diseases of the jaw bones • Main odontogenic neoplastic pathologies, tumors of the jaw bones and salivary glands • Jaw bone fractures • Diseases of the temporomandibular joint • X-ray tests used in the diagnosis of previous pathologies: • Intraoral radiography, Orthopanorama, Skull projections, CT Cone Beam, Spiral CT, Nuclear magnetic resonance. • Basis of scientic research (reference books) • Chmielowski B., Territo M.C. Manual of Clinical Oncology. Ed: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 9781496349576	3	MED/06	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Elements of stomatological diseases (objectives) The educational purposes of the teaching are oriented to provide students with the necessary knowledge of orthopaedic and traumatic pathology in adulthood and developmental age with particular attention to degenerative and traumatic injuries of the joints (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle). The student must acquire theoretical knowledge relating to real and radiographic anatomy and to the main pathologies of the jawbones and the stomatognathic system. He must also identify the main diagnostic questions posed by the dental specialist and know the radiographic examinations relevant to this district. For each pathological condition, the classification criteria, the main clinical signs, the necessary radiographic projections as well as the most appropriate radiological techniques for the definition of the pathology will be described. The student will have to know the predisposing conditions and the clinical characteristics of the different solid neoplastic pathologies for the definition of a diagnostic procedure. The knowledge of prognostic and predictive factors according to the characteristics linked to the neoplasm and the patient, will allow to understand the management strategy of the different tumors, taking into account the therapeutic options applicable in the various stages of the disease and their side effects in order to integrate the knowledge of the professional profile with a view to multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, the student, possessing the basic notions relating to Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, will be able to further enrich his / her skills with those of other professional healthcare professionals. - Mortellaro Carmen (syllabus) • Anatomia dei mascellari e dell’apparato stomatognatico con particolare riferimento alle strutture ossee e dentali • Cenni sulle principali patologie: • Anomalie dei denti (di forma, volume, numero, struttura, posizione, sede) e dell’epoca di eruzione • Traumi dentari • Carie dentale • Parodontopatie • Periodontiti apicali • Patologie cistiche delle ossa mascellari • Principali patologie neoplastiche odontogene, tumori delle ossa mascellari e delle ghiandole salivari • Fratture delle ossa mascellari • Patologie dell’articolazione temporo-mandibolare • Esami radiografici utilizzati nella diagnostica delle precedenti patologie: • Radiografia endorale, Ortopanoramica, Proiezioni del cranio, TC Cone Beam, TC Spirale, Risonanza magnetica nucleare. (reference books) • Oxford Handbook of oral and Maxillofacial surgery. Cascarini, Shilling, Gurney, Brennan. Oxford University Press 2018 • Oxford Handbook of clinical dentistry. Mitchell, Mitchell, Longridge, Clarke, Aftab. Oxford University Press 2019 • Dental Radiography. Principles and techniques. Iannucci, Howerton. Elsevier 2016 • New Trends in Myofunctional Therapy: Occlusion, Muscles and Posture a cura di Sabina Saccomanno e Licia Coceani Paskay (edizione originale inglese 2020) 1st ed. ISBN 978- 88-7051-629-6 • Anatomia Radiologica e Cefalometria a cura di Roberto Deli e Sabina Saccomanno, pubblicato dalla casa editrice Aracne • Radiologia odontostomatolica per odontoiatri , medici e studenti Renato Nessi e Luca Vigano’ Piccin • Bernardi S, Angelone AM, Macchiarelli G. Anatomy in dentistry: From the beginnings to contemporary reality. Clin Anat. 2022 Sep;35(6):711-722. doi: 10.1002/ca.23869. Epub 2022 Apr 9. PMID: 35368109. • Gauer RL, Semidey MJ. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Mar 15;91(6):378-86. PMID: 25822556. • Abati S, Bramati C, Bondi S, Lissoni A, Trimarchi M. Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 8;17(24):9160. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249160. PMID: 33302498; PMCID: PMC7764090. • Sedghizadeh PP, Sun S, Jones AC, Sodagar E, Cherian P, Chen C, Junka AF, Neighbors JD, McKenna CE, Russell RGG, Ebetino FH. Bisphosphonates in dentistry: Historical perspectives, adverse effects, and novel applications. Bone. 2021 Jun;147:115933. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115933. Epub 2021 Mar 20. PMID: 33757899; PMCID: PMC8076070. - Saccomanno Sabina (syllabus) • Anatomia dei mascellari e dell’apparato stomatognatico con particolare riferimento alle strutture ossee e dentali • Cenni sulle principali patologie: • Anomalie dei denti (di forma, volume, numero, struttura, posizione, sede) e dell’epoca di eruzione • Traumi dentari • Carie dentale • Parodontopatie • Periodontiti apicali • Patologie cistiche delle ossa mascellari • Principali patologie neoplastiche odontogene, tumori delle ossa mascellari e delle ghiandole salivari • Fratture delle ossa mascellari • Patologie dell’articolazione temporo-mandibolare • Esami radiografici utilizzati nella diagnostica delle precedenti patologie: • Radiografia endorale, Ortopanoramica, Proiezioni del cranio, TC Cone Beam, TC Spirale, Risonanza magnetica nucleare. (reference books) • Oxford Handbook of oral and Maxillofacial surgery. Cascarini, Shilling, Gurney, Brennan. Oxford University Press 2018 • Oxford Handbook of clinical dentistry. Mitchell, Mitchell, Longridge, Clarke, Aftab. Oxford University Press 2019 • Dental Radiography. Principles and techniques. Iannucci, Howerton. Elsevier 2016 • New Trends in Myofunctional Therapy: Occlusion, Muscles and Posture a cura di Sabina Saccomanno e Licia Coceani Paskay (edizione originale inglese 2020) 1st ed. ISBN 978- 88-7051-629-6 • Anatomia Radiologica e Cefalometria a cura di Roberto Deli e Sabina Saccomanno, pubblicato dalla casa editrice Aracne • Radiologia odontostomatolica per odontoiatri , medici e studenti Renato Nessi e Luca Vigano’ Piccin • Bernardi S, Angelone AM, Macchiarelli G. Anatomy in dentistry: From the beginnings to contemporary reality. Clin Anat. 2022 Sep;35(6):711-722. doi: 10.1002/ca.23869. Epub 2022 Apr 9. PMID: 35368109. • Gauer RL, Semidey MJ. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Mar 15;91(6):378-86. PMID: 25822556. • Abati S, Bramati C, Bondi S, Lissoni A, Trimarchi M. Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 8;17(24):9160. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249160. PMID: 33302498; PMCID: PMC7764090. • Sedghizadeh PP, Sun S, Jones AC, Sodagar E, Cherian P, Chen C, Junka AF, Neighbors JD, McKenna CE, Russell RGG, Ebetino FH. Bisphosphonates in dentistry: Historical perspectives, adverse effects, and novel applications. Bone. 2021 Jun;147:115933. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115933. Epub 2021 Mar 20. PMID: 33757899; PMCID: PMC8076070.	2	MED/28	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90179 - I.C. Economis and social and international politics (objectives) Knowledge of the purposes of the health service and of the organizational models at international, national and local level are educational objectives. Knowledge of the basic dynamics that regulate the functioning of the markets, with particular reference to the health services sector, are essential objectives. Students will have to acquire knowledge of the determinants underlying the design and implementation of economic policies and the relationships between health and economic growth. Particular attention will be paid to the study of market failures and state intervention to reduce social costs resulting from these imperfections. Finally, the topic of cost benefit analysis will be discussed for the evaluation of public policies with particular reference to health planning. Introduce the student to the knowledge of business economics with reference to the public and private sector by inserting some thematic focus on health organizations.
- General and applied hygiene (objectives) Knowledge of the purposes of the health service and of the organizational models at international, national and local level are educational objectives. Knowledge of the basic dynamics that regulate the functioning of the markets, with particular reference to the health services sector, are essential objectives. Students will have to acquire knowledge of the determinants underlying the design and implementation of economic policies and the relationships between health and economic growth. Particular attention will be paid to the study of market failures and state intervention to reduce social costs resulting from these imperfections. Finally, the topic of cost benefit analysis will be discussed for the evaluation of public policies with particular reference to health planning. Introduce the student to the knowledge of business economics with reference to the public and private sector by inserting some thematic focus on health organizations - Ciccacci Fausto (syllabus) Introduction: concepts of health, hygiene and public health. General applied hygiene and epidemiological tools: health of different populations and its determinants, in the community and healthcare settings. Descriptive epidemiology in general applied hygiene: prevalence and incidence studies, the concept of risk/hazard, and cause-effect relationship. Hygiene applied to the epidemiology of infectious diseases: general concepts, epidemiological models of infectious diseases. Concepts of epidemic and endemic. Sources of infection, entry and elimination routes of microroganisms, epidemiological chain and transmission of infections. Principles of prevention and prophylaxis: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Prevention of infectious diseases: concepts of environmental hygiene, disinfection, antisepsis, sterilization, biological risk in the healthcare settings and ways of prevention. Health organization and planning: - principles and purposes of the health organization; - models of organization of the health service; - the hospital and non-hospital organization; - health planning at regional, national and supranational level. General and applied hygiene: - the physical environment: air, water, soil, climate, ionizing radiation; - the biological environment: microorganisms, food; - the social environment: urbanization, housing; Epidemiology: - definition and purpose of epidemiology; - experimental and general epidemiology of non-infectious diseases; - overall health and health determinants. (reference books) Readings made available to the teacher and all the material used during the lessons. - Gualano Maria Rosaria (syllabus) Introduction: concepts of health, hygiene and public health. General applied hygiene and epidemiological tools: health of different populations and its determinants, in the community and healthcare settings. Descriptive epidemiology in general applied hygiene: prevalence and incidence studies, the concept of risk/hazard, and cause-effect relationship. Hygiene applied to the epidemiology of infectious diseases: general concepts, epidemiological models of infectious diseases. Concepts of epidemic and endemic. Sources of infection, entry and elimination routes of microroganisms, epidemiological chain and transmission of infections. Principles of prevention and prophylaxis: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Prevention of infectious diseases: concepts of environmental hygiene, disinfection, antisepsis, sterilization, biological risk in the healthcare settings and ways of prevention. Health organization and planning: - principles and purposes of the health organization; - models of organization of the health service; - the hospital and non-hospital organization; - health planning at regional, national and supranational level. General and applied hygiene: - the physical environment: air, water, soil, climate, ionizing radiation; - the biological environment: microorganisms, food; - the social environment: urbanization, housing; Epidemiology: - definition and purpose of epidemiology; - experimental and general epidemiology of non-infectious diseases; - overall health and health determinants. (reference books) Readings made available to the teacher and all the material used during the lessons.	3	MED/42	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Economics Politics (objectives) Knowledge of the purposes of the health service and of the organizational models at international, national and local level are educational objectives. Knowledge of the basic dynamics that regulate the functioning of the markets, with particular reference to the health services sector, are essential objectives. Students will have to acquire knowledge of the determinants underlying the design and implementation of economic policies and the relationships between health and economic growth. Particular attention will be paid to the study of market failures and state intervention to reduce social costs resulting from these imperfections. Finally, the topic of cost benefit analysis will be discussed for the evaluation of public policies with particular reference to health planning. Introduce the student to the knowledge of business economics with reference to the public and private sector by inserting some thematic focus on health organizations - De Andreis Federico (syllabus) - The markets for goods, preferences, utility, supply and demand - Pareto efficiency and market failures: information asymmetries, externalities, moral harzard, adverse selection - Agency report - Relations between economy, development and health - Welfare systems and health systems - Demand and supply of health services - The economic analysis of health programs - Cost effectiveness, utility cost and benefit cost assessments - Historical approach to international economic policy - The market - Supply and demand - Development and underdevelopment - Consumer preferences - Economic analysis of risk management in healthcare systems. (reference books) - Wondeling, Gruen, Black. Introduction to health economics. Understanding Public Health. 1st edition. - Randy Charles Epping, A Begginers’ Guide to the World of Economy, Third Edition, New York : Vintage, 2001) Readings made available to the teacher and all the material used during the lessons.	4	SECS-P/02	40	-	-	-	Related or supplementary learning activities	ENG
- Business Administrations (objectives) Knowledge of the purposes of the health service and of the organizational models at international, national and local level are educational objectives. Knowledge of the basic dynamics that regulate the functioning of the markets, with particular reference to the health services sector, are essential objectives. Students will have to acquire knowledge of the determinants underlying the design and implementation of economic policies and the relationships between health and economic growth. Particular attention will be paid to the study of market failures and state intervention to reduce social costs resulting from these imperfections. Finally, the topic of cost benefit analysis will be discussed for the evaluation of public policies with particular reference to health planning. Introduce the student to the knowledge of business economics with reference to the public and private sector by inserting some thematic focus on health organizations - Fiano Fabio (syllabus) _ An Overview of Health Care Management _ Leadership _ Management and Motivation _ Organizational Behavior and Management Thinking _ Strategic Planning _ Healthcare Marketing _ Quality Improvement Basics _ Information Technology _ Financing Health Care and Health Insurance _ Managing Costs and Revenues _ Managing Health Care Professionals _ The Strategic Management of Human Resources _ Teamwork _ Addressing Health Disparities: Cultural Proficiency _ Ethics and Law _ Fraud and Abuse _ Special Topics and Emerging Issues in Health Care Management _ Health Care Management Case Studies and Guidelines _What is a company and its distinctive characteristics. _The classification of the companies. _Company circuits. _ The existing legal structures for the exercise of the company activity. _The budget and its basic elements: a first interpretative reading. _Cost classifications and configurations. (reference books) Readings made available to the teacher and all the material used during the lessons.	2	SECS-P/07	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90181 - I.C. Pharmacology (objectives) The course will deal with the general principles of pharmacology that apply to all drugs and therefore the classes of drugs directly and indirectly correlated with radiological practice. In particular, in the general part, students will have to learn the principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics that apply to all classes of drugs, including radiopharmaceuticals and contrast media. In the special part, particular emphasis will be placed on radiopharmaceuticals (used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes), contrast media and drugs used for the control of inflammation, pain, anxious states, the main neurological disorders, anticancer drugs, monoclonal antibodies, antibacterial chemotherapy and drugs used in the respiratory emergency. After completing the course, students should know and understand the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, side effects, toxicological aspects, contraindications of the main radionuclides used in SPECT and PET nuclear medicine and must be able to control, when perform an instrumental examination using a radiopharmaceutical, the patient's physical safety.
- Radiopharmaceuticals (objectives) The course will deal with the general principles of pharmacology that apply to all drugs and therefore the classes of drugs directly and indirectly correlated with radiological practice. In particular, in the general part, students will have to learn the principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics that apply to all classes of drugs, including radiopharmaceuticals and contrast media. In the special part, particular emphasis will be placed on radiopharmaceuticals (used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes), contrast media and drugs used for the control of inflammation, pain, anxious states, the main neurological disorders, anticancer drugs, monoclonal antibodies, antibacterial chemotherapy and drugs used in the respiratory emergency. After completing the course, students should know and understand the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, side effects, toxicological aspects, contraindications of the main radionuclides used in SPECT and PET nuclear medicine and must be able to control, when perform an instrumental examination using a radiopharmaceutical, the patient's physical safety - Consalvi Silvia (syllabus) Principles of general pharmacology. New drug development and study phases. Clinical trials of drugs. Pharmacodynamics: mechanism of action of agonist and antagonist drugs, receptors and signaling pathways Pharmacokinetics: factors influencing it, elimination and biotransformation of drugs Gene therapy, pharmacogenomics and gender pharmacology. Treatment of inflammation and pain: glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, opioid analgesics. Cardiovascular pharmacology. Drugs for the treatment of asthma and anaphylactic shock. Sedative-hypnotic drugs for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. Pharmacology of neurodegenerative diseases: drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease Antibacterial chemotherapy. Antineoplastic chemotherapy, general principles of Target Therapy. Radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. Experimentation and marketing of radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals in use for diagnostic practice. Radiopharmaceuticals in use for therapeutic practice. (reference books) Bertram G. Katzung. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 14th edition, 24 apr 2018	3	BIO/14	30	-	-	-	Basic compulsory activities	ENG
- Safe Handling of Radiopharmaceuticals (objectives) The course will deal with the general principles of pharmacology that apply to all drugs and therefore the classes of drugs directly and indirectly correlated with radiological practice. In particular, in the general part, students will have to learn the principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics that apply to all classes of drugs, including radiopharmaceuticals and contrast media. In the special part, particular emphasis will be placed on radiopharmaceuticals (used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes), contrast media and drugs used for the control of inflammation, pain, anxious states, the main neurological disorders, anticancer drugs, monoclonal antibodies, antibacterial chemotherapy and drugs used in the respiratory emergency. After completing the course, students should know and understand the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, side effects, toxicological aspects, contraindications of the main radionuclides used in SPECT and PET nuclear medicine and must be able to control, when perform an instrumental examination using a radiopharmaceutical, the patient's physical safety. - Chiaravalloti Agostino (syllabus) - General information on radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine • Structure of the atom and nucleus • Radioisotopes: decay mode • Radioisotope production: cyclotron • Criteria for choosing a radiopharmaceutical • Production and quality control of radiopharmaceuticals • PET radiopharmaceuticals • SPECT radiopharmaceuticals • General information on PET, general information on SPECT • production and quality control of PET radiopharmaceuticals • production and quality control of SPECT radiopharmaceuticals • Organization of a PET and SPECT radiopharmacy (reference books) • Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry ; Editors: Lewis, Jason S., Windhorst, Albert D., Zeglis, Brian M. (Eds.) eBook ISBN 978-3-319-98947-1 ; Springer International Publishing • Teaching materials provided by the lecturer - Conte Miriam (syllabus) General information on radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine • Structure of the atom and nucleus • Radioisotopes: decay mode • Radioisotope production: cyclotron • Criteria for choosing a radiopharmaceutical • Production and quality control of radiopharmaceuticals • PET radiopharmaceuticals • SPECT radiopharmaceuticals • General information on PET, general information on SPECT • production and quality control of PET radiopharmaceuticals • production and quality control of SPECT radiopharmaceuticals • Organization of a PET and SPECT radiopharmacy (reference books) • Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry ; Editors: Lewis, Jason S., Windhorst, Albert D., Zeglis, Brian M. (Eds.) eBook ISBN 978-3-319-98947-1 ; Springer International Publishing • Teaching materials provided by the lecturer	3	MED/36	30	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90180 - I.C. Techniques of diagnostic imaging 2 (objectives) The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide students with the physiological, pathophysiological, clinical and diagnostic applications of the imaging technique to use and optimize specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching of these applications is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use advanced radiological equipment. Teaching, integrated with the study of Magnetic Resonance and Computerized Tomography study techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The training objectives for the second year student of the degree course in medical radiology techniques, in the integrated course med /50 of medical and technical sciences, are of extreme importance to guarantee complete and advanced training in the field of medical radiology. During this second year, the student must pursue a series of goals that foster greater specialization and expertise in the field. First of all, it is essential that the student develops an in-depth knowledge of advanced radiological methodologies and technologies. This includes learning about different radiological imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), as well as understanding the indications, limitations, and potential complications associated with this branch of diagnostic imaging. Comprehension of the phenomenon from the Resonance Magnetic Nuclear ; Knowledge of the components of an MRI scanner ( resistive , permanent, superconductive ); understanding of the generation mechanisms of the signal ( classification of the RF pulses ), training of the MR image ( meaning “ sequence ” of gradient pulses ) and of the meaning of the main ones scanning parameters ( echo time , repetition time , flip angle , bandwidth , acquisition matrix , length of the train of echoes , etc. ); f groups of scans conventional (Spin- Echo , Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enchancement Spin- Echo , Gradient- Recalled Echo ); meaning of “ weighting ” of the images (T1, T2, Proton Density , T2* , Flow , velocity and acceleration , water mobility , susceptibility , perfusion ) . The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. Teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques of angiography and interventional radiology, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills.
- Diagnostic imaging and Radiotherapy (objectives) The course aims to provide to the student knowledge of physiologica, physiopathological, clinical and diagnostic application of the imaging technique in order to optimize scientific and tecnical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. The course aims to provide students with the physiological, pathophysiological, clinical and diagnostic applications of the imaging technique to use and optimize specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching of these applications is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use advanced radiological equipment. Teaching, integrated with the study of Magnetic Resonance and Computerized Tomography study techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The training objectives for the second year student of the degree course in medical radiology techniques, in the integrated course med /50 of medical and technical sciences, are of extreme importance to guarantee complete and advanced training in the field of medical radiology. During this second year, the student must pursue a series of goals that foster greater specialization and expertise in the field. First of all, it is essential that the student develops an in-depth knowledge of advanced radiological methodologies and technologies. This includes learning about different radiological imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), as well as understanding the indications, limitations, and potential complications associated with this branch of diagnostic imaging. Comprehension of the phenomenon from the Resonance Magnetic Nuclear ; Knowledge of the components of an MRI scanner ( resistive , permanent, superconductive ); understanding of the generation mechanisms of the signal ( classification of the RF pulses ), training of the MR image ( meaning “ sequence ” of gradient pulses ) and of the meaning of the main ones scanning parameters ( echo time , repetition time , flip angle , bandwidth , acquisition matrix , length of the train of echoes , etc. ); f groups of scans conventional (Spin- Echo , Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enchancement Spin- Echo , Gradient- Recalled Echo ); meaning of “ weighting ” of the images (T1, T2, Proton Density , T2* , Flow , velocity and acceleration , water mobility , susceptibility , perfusion ) . The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. Teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques of angiography and interventional radiology, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. - Argiro' Renato (syllabus) • Protocols and setting of Magnetic Resonance esaminations. • Neuro-MR • Neck-MR • Muscle-Skeletal MR • Abdominal MR • Pelvic MR • Angio-MR • Breast-MR (reference books) • Elementi di risonanza magnetica ( RM ) - Dal protone alle sequenze per le principali applicazioni diagnostiche di Coriasco - Rampado - Bradac - Boris • 2014 - Magi Antonio (syllabus) Study techniques in diagnostic imaging Principle of justification and optimization of the radiological examination Physical principles of equipment Radiation protection Telemedicine (reference books) Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors - Capotondi Carlo (syllabus) Angiographic suite study techniques Interventional suite Physical principles of equipment Radiation protection (reference books) Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors	6	MED/36	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical sciences and techniques (objectives) The course aims to provide students with the specific skills required to use advanced radiological equipment. The teaching, integrated with the study of the techniques of study of Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide students with the physiological, pathophysiological, clinical and diagnostic applications of the imaging technique to use and optimize specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. The teaching of these applications is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use advanced radiological equipment. Teaching, integrated with the study of Magnetic Resonance and Computerized Tomography study techniques, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. The training objectives for the second year student of the degree course in medical radiology techniques, in the integrated course med /50 of medical and technical sciences, are of extreme importance to guarantee complete and advanced training in the field of medical radiology. During this second year, the student must pursue a series of goals that foster greater specialization and expertise in the field. First of all, it is essential that the student develops an in-depth knowledge of advanced radiological methodologies and technologies. This includes learning about different radiological imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), as well as understanding the indications, limitations, and potential complications associated with this branch of diagnostic imaging. Comprehension of the phenomenon from the Resonance Magnetic Nuclear ; Knowledge of the components of an MRI scanner ( resistive , permanent, superconductive ); understanding of the generation mechanisms of the signal ( classification of the RF pulses ), training of the MR image ( meaning “ sequence ” of gradient pulses ) and of the meaning of the main ones scanning parameters ( echo time , repetition time , flip angle , bandwidth , acquisition matrix , length of the train of echoes , etc. ); f groups of scans conventional (Spin- Echo , Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enchancement Spin- Echo , Gradient- Recalled Echo ); meaning of “ weighting ” of the images (T1, T2, Proton Density , T2* , Flow , velocity and acceleration , water mobility , susceptibility , perfusion ) . The course aims to provide students with the specific skills to correctly use radiological equipment. Teaching, integrated with the study of radiographic techniques of angiography and interventional radiology, is fundamental for the development of specific professional skills. - Fierro Davide (syllabus) - The MR scanner - Resistive and/or permanent (low magnetic field) - conventional superconductor (high and ultra-high field) - MgB2 superconductor - RF coils - Gradient coils - Receveing coils (quadrature and phased-array coils) - The MR image - The imaging gradients - k-space and Fourier transform - Puls sequences (excitation, encoding, refocusing and inversion) - MR sequences - Gradient-Recalled Echo - Spin-Echo - Echo-Planar Imaging - Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enchancement (RARE, Turbo Spin-Echo and Fast Spin-Echo) - Some variants - Scan parameters and contrast generation - Typical examples (reference books) • Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors • MRI The Basics. Christopher J. Lisanti, William G.Branley, Jr.WOLTERS KLUWER • MDCT PHISICS The Basics. Technology, Image Quality, and Radiation Dose. Mahadevappa Mahesh WOLTERS KLUWER • MDCT Anatomy-Body. Luigia Romano, Massimo Silva, Sonia Fulciniti, Antonio Pinto SPRINGER - Santarelli Federico (syllabus) • principles of operation of the CT scan • formation of the CT image • CT developments • CT retrospective software • MRI and CT techniques and methods for functional and morphological studies (reference books) • Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. D.R. Dance, S. Christofides, A.D.A. Maidment, I.D. McLean, K.H. Ng. Technical Editors - De Almeida Luiz Demetrio (syllabus) Program for 20 hours of teaching on Computed Tomography (CT): 1. Introduction to CT (1 hour) - History and fundamental principles of CT; - Advantages and limitations of CT compared to other imaging modalities. 2. Physical principles and technologies of CT (2 hours) - Physical principles of CT image formation; - Components of the CT acquisition system and their functions; - Types of CT scanners and their differences. 3. Technical protocols and acquisition parameters (3 hours) - Technical protocols in different anatomical and pathological areas; - Selection of appropriate acquisition parameters to obtain high-quality images; - Considerations on radiation dose and strategies for dose reduction. 4. Visualization of CT images and clinical cases with associated technical aspects (3 hours) - Radiological anatomy in CT images; - Identification of anatomical structures and possible pathological alterations; - Systematic approach to the visualization of CT images, transforming them into multiplanar images, MIP, and Volume Rendering. 5. Laboratory: Utilization of CT acquisition simulator (3 hours) - Introduction to CT acquisition simulator and planning software; - Practical exercises on parameter selection and scan planning; - Simulations of CT acquisition and reconstruction of obtained images. 6. Clinical applications of CT (2 hours) - Key diagnostic indications for CT in various internationally recognized acquisition protocols; - Role of CT in the diagnosis and evaluation of pathologies. 7. Sicurezza del paziente e gestione delle reazioni avverse (1 ora) - Precauzioni radiologiche e riduzione della dose di radiazioni. - Gestione delle reazioni avverse ai mezzi di contrasto e alle procedure TC. 8. Revisione e valutazione (2 ore) - Ripasso dei concetti chiave e delle competenze acquisite durante il corso; - Valutazione delle conoscenze tramite esercizi pratici e/o quiz. Questo programma di insegnamento di 20 ore sulla tomografia computerizzata (TC) offre una combinazione di lezioni teoriche, sessioni pratiche in laboratorio e l'utilizzo di un simulatore di acquisizione TC. Ciò permette agli studenti di acquisire conoscenze approfondite dei principi, delle tecnologie e delle applicazioni della TC, nonché di sviluppare competenze pratiche nella pianificazione delle scansioni e nell'interpretazione delle immagini TC. 7. Patient safety and management of adverse reactions (1 hour) - Radiological precautions and radiation dose reduction. - Management of adverse reactions to contrast agents and CT procedures. 8. Review and evaluation (2 hours) - Recap of key concepts and skills acquired during the course; - Assessment of knowledge through practical exercises and/or quizzes. This 20-hour teaching program on Computed Tomography (CT) provides a combination of theoretical lectures, practical laboratory sessions, and the utilization of a CT acquisition simulator. This allows students to acquire in-depth knowledge of the principles, technologies, and applications of CT, as well as develop practical skills in scan planning and interpretation of CT images. (reference books) 1. "Computed Tomography for Technologists: A Comprehensive Text" by Lois E. Romans. Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health, The Point. 2. Slides provided by the professor. 3. https://uwgect.wiscweb.wisc.edu/protocol-manuals/	6	MED/50	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90227 - Elective courses - Santarelli Federico	3		30	-	-	-	Elective activities	ENG
90228 - Information Technology/Seminar Activities - Basilicata Michele	2		-	10	-	-	Other activities	ENG
90183 - Clinical practice 2 year (annual) - Santarelli Federico	20	MED/50	-	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90182 - professional laboratory - Varchetta Celestino	1		-	-	10	-	Other activities	ENG

THIRD YEAR

First semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90184 - I.C. Professional Ethics (objectives) The training course of this module integrates teachings of clinical psychology and group dynamics with the deontological, legislative and communication aspects provided for the profession of radiologist technician, providing the teachings: 1) Medical Sciences and Techniques (Ethics and Communication) ; 2) Clinical Psychology,group Dynamics . The teaching, integrated with psychology, aims to provide the student with: 1) specific skills on the fundamental issues of ethics, deontology and communication: central pillars and essential knowledge for the professional exercise and carrying out the activity professional, which support the action of the healthcare professional, in all the patient's caretaking activity, in an operational context, strongly renewed over time both by progress and by scientific and technological achievements and by the regulatory and organizational, which strengthened the concept of team or team, and of professional responsibility. The course introduces the student to knowledge of the legislation on the autonomy of profes-sional practice, on the specific professional profile and on the relevant legal-medico-legal aspects and the related implications of professional practice; 2) basic knowledge of clinical psychology and group dynamics. The aim is to provide a theoretical framework for the comprehension of the various applications of clinical psychology in health care and research. Furthermore, the focus on group dynamics aims to provide adequate know-ledge of interpersonal relations, communication strategies and role dynamics with particular reference to work groups and teams.
- Clinical psychology, group dynamics (objectives) The training course of this module integrates teachings of clinical psychology and group dynamics with the deontological, legislative and communication aspects provided for the profession of radiologist technician, providing the teachings: 1) Medical Sciences and Techniques (Ethics and Communication) ; 2) Clinical Psychology,group Dynamics . The teaching, integrated with psychology, aims to provide the student with: 1) specific skills on the fundamental issues of ethics, deontology and communication: central pillars and essential knowledge for the professional exercise and carrying out the activity professional, which support the action of the healthcare professional, in all the patient's caretaking activity, in an operational context, strongly renewed over time both by progress and by scientific and technological achievements and by the regulatory and organizational, which strengthened the concept of team or team, and of professional responsibility. The course introduces the student to knowledge of the legislation on the autonomy of profes-sional practice, on the specific professional profile and on the relevant legal-medico-legal aspects and the related implications of professional practice; 2) basic knowledge of clinical psychology and group dynamics. The aim is to provide a theoretical framework for the comprehension of the various applications of clinical psychology in health care and research. Furthermore, the focus on group dynamics aims to provide adequate know-ledge of interpersonal relations, communication strategies and role dynamics with particular reference to work groups and teams. - Cordone Susanna (syllabus) 1. Clinical psychology: definition of clinical psychology, history of psychology, theoretical models. 2. Behaviour: violation of social norms, subjective distress, disability, dysfunction and impairment 3. Clinical assessment of behaviour and personality: assessment methods in clinical psychology (interviews, questionnaires, etc.) 4. Psychological interventions: psychotherapy, psychodynamic perspectives 5. Learning: classical and operant conditioning methods underlying behavioural strategies 6. Cognitive-behavioural therapies: new approaches of therapeutic intervention in clinical psychology 7. Groups: types, stages of development, group formation steps. 8. Conflict: influence patterns in groups, conflict resolution, group strength 9. Leadership in groups: attributes, skills and profile of the leader (reference books) • Trull TJ., Prinstein NJ. Clinical Psychology (eighth edition). Wadsworth cengage learning. Ebook. • Haines NM. Group Dynamics. Basics and Pragmatics for Practitioners. University press of America, 2012. • Kearns T., Lee D. General Psychology: An Introduction. NOBA, 2015 The teachers are available to students for problems related to scientific-disciplinary teaching, subject to communication via e-mail and subsequent appointment that can also take place remotely and / or according to the provisions and indications of the university organization.	2	M-PSI/01	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical Sciences and Techniques (ethics and communication) (objectives) The training course of this module integrates teachings of clinical psychology and group dynamics with the deontological, legislative and communication aspects provided for the profession of radiologist technician, providing the teachings: 1) Medical Sciences and Techniques (Ethics and Communication) ; 2) Clinical Psychology,group Dynamics . The teaching, integrated with psychology, aims to provide the student with: 1) specific skills on the fundamental issues of ethics, deontology and communication: central pillars and essential knowledge for the professional exercise and carrying out the activity professional, which support the action of the healthcare professional, in all the patient's caretaking activity, in an operational context, strongly renewed over time both by progress and by scientific and technological achievements and by the regulatory and organizational, which strengthened the concept of team or team, and of professional responsibility. The course introduces the student to knowledge of the legislation on the autonomy of profes-sional practice, on the specific professional profile and on the relevant legal-medico-legal aspects and the related implications of professional practice; 2) basic knowledge of clinical psychology and group dynamics. The aim is to provide a theoretical framework for the comprehension of the various applications of clinical psychology in health care and research. Furthermore, the focus on group dynamics aims to provide adequate knowledge of interpersonal relations, communication strategies and role dynamics with par-ticular reference to work groups and teams. - DI LASCIO ANTONIO (syllabus) 1. Introduction to ethics and deontology, concepts and fundamental values of profes-sional ethics in the modern healthcare context; 2. Elements of patient safety, professional liability and health law; 3. The communicative relationship for health professionals: enhancement of commu-nication and information with the user, with the team, with the outside. 4. Professional profile 5. Professional organization, Orders and registers 6. International comparison Seminar: Students meet the Professional Order: perspectives and projects, interna-tional projects (Expected date: last day scheduled according to the calendar) (reference books) • Patrick Davey , Anna Rathmell, Michael Dunn , Charles Foster, Helen Salisbury, Medical Eth-ics, Law and Communication at a Glance, ed. Wiley Blckwell, USA, 2017 • Loewy, Erich E.H., Textbook of Healthcare Ethics, ed. Spinger, Milano 2002 • Material written by the professor, referring to the lessons • Consultation of documents and free resources produced by the European scientific societies of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy Guidelines & Recommendations or free content to download - for example: European Society of Radiology https://www.myesr.org/publications/guidelines-and-recommendations, European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide/ The teachers are available to students for problems related to scientific-disciplinary teaching, subject to communication via e-mail and subsequent appointment that can also take place remotely and / or according to the provisions and indications of the university organization.	2	MED/50	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90318 - I.C. Medical and clinical sciences 2 (objectives) The aim of the integrated course is to provide students with all the tools for an adequate knowledge of epidemiology, ethiopathogenetic determinants and prognosis, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of the main diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive system.
- Elements of diseases of the respiratory system (objectives) The aim of the integrated course is to provide students with all the tools for an adequate knowledge of epidemiology, ethiopathogenetic determinants and prognosis, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of the main diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive system. - Coppola Angelo (syllabus) 1 Introduction to pathologies of the respiratory system. Special anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, clinical semeiotics of the main symptoms and signs of respiratory diseases. 2 Techniques and basic principles of interpretation of laboratory tests and respiratory physiopathology, respiratory function tests, arterial blood gas analysis and oximetry; walk test; polygraphic monitoring during sleep. 3 Respiratory infectious diseases: community acquired (CAP) and nosocomial (HAP) pneumonia, pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, aspiration pneumonia (ad ingestis), lung abscess. 4 Pulmonary tuberculosis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 5 Lung Cancer: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 6 Acute and chronic respiratory failure. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. 7 Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arterial hypertension and other pathologies of the pulmonary circulation: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. 8 Diffuse infiltrative lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis and other pulmonary interstitial diseases. 9 Bronchial asthma and respiratory immunoallergic diseases: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 10 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy 11 Pleural Pathology: pleurisy and pleural effusions; pneumothorax; mesothelioma. 12 Bronchiectasis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. 13 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. (reference books) - Title: Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine Author: Peter Libby, Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Gordon F Tomaselli, Deepak Bhatt, Scott D Solomon, Eugene Braunwald Publisher: Elsevier; Edition: 12 Publication: 2022 - Title: Pocket Guide for ECGs Made Easy Author: Barbara Aehlert Editor: Elsevier Health Sciences; Edition: 7 Publication year: 2022 - ESC guidelines that can be consulted and downloaded free of charge at https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo - Didactic materials	2	MED/10	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Elements of diseases of the cardiovascular system (objectives) The aim of the integrated course is to provide students with all the tools for an adequate knowledge of epidemiology, ethiopathogenetic determinants and prognosis, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of the main diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive system. - Vetta Francesco (syllabus) 1. Recalls of Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 2. Principles of electrocardiography 3. Principles of echocardiography 4. Ischemic Heart Disease : a) Pathophysiology of Myocardial Ischemia b) Chronic Coronary Syndromes, c) Acute Coronary Syndromes d) Instrumental Diagnostics. 5. Heart failure: a) Pathophysiology and classification of heart failure b) Heart failure with preserved systolic function c) Heart failure with reduced systolic function d) The arrhythmic risk in heart failure. e) Non-pharmacological therapy of heart failure 6. Heart Valve Diseases a) Rheumatic Disease, and degenerative heart disease b) Mitral Stenosis, c) Mitral Insufficiency d) Aortic Stenosis e) Aortic Insufficiency f) Tricuspid and Pulmonary Diseases g) Imaging techniques 7. Endocarditis a) Epidemiology b) Causal agents c) Diagnostic algorithm d) Principles of therapy Cardiomyopathies: a) Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy b) Dilated Cardiomyopathy c) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy d) Right Ventricular Arrhythmogenous Dysplasia 8. Arrhythmias a) Atrial Fibrillation b) Supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardias c) Ventricular tachycardia 9. Instrumental techniques a) Coronary CT scan b) Cardiac MRI c) Nuclear methods d) Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography (reference books) - Title: Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine Author: Peter Libby, Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Gordon F Tomaselli, Deepak Bhatt, Scott D Solomon, Eugene Braunwald Publisher: Elsevier; Edition: 12 Publication: 2022 - Title: Pocket Guide for ECGs Made Easy Author: Barbara Aehlert Editor: Elsevier Health Sciences; Edition: 7 Publication year: 2022 - ESC guidelines that can be consulted and downloaded free of charge at https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo - Didactic materials	2	MED/11	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Elements of gastrointestinal diseases (objectives) The aim of the integrated course is to provide students with all the tools for an adequate knowledge of epidemiology, ethiopathogenetic determinants and prognosis, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of the main diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive system. - D'Offizi Gianpiero (syllabus) Esophagus • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Functional esophageal diseases • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and esophagitis • Barrett's esophagus • Ernia and diverticula • Neoplasms Stomach • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Gastritis (acute and chronic) • Helicobacter Pylori infection and disease • Peptic ulcer disease • Neoplasms Small Intestine • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Celiac disease • Diverticula • Neoplasms • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) • Functional disorders, malabsorption, microbiota Large intestine • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Diverticular disease of the colon • Neoplasms Pancreas (exocrine) • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Acute pancreatitis and its complications • Chronic pancreatitis • Neoplasms Liver and biliary tract • Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology • Standard diagnostic tools • Liver cirrhosis and portal Hypertension • Hepatic encephalopaty, ascites, hepato-renal syndrome • Esophageal varices and bleeding • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) • Gallstone disease • Primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis • Gallbladder cancer (reference books) - Title: Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine Author: Peter Libby, Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Gordon F Tomaselli, Deepak Bhatt, Scott D Solomon, Eugene Braunwald Publisher: Elsevier; Edition: 12 Publication: 2022 - Title: Pocket Guide for ECGs Made Easy Author: Barbara Aehlert Editor: Elsevier Health Sciences; Edition: 7 Publication year: 2022 - ESC guidelines that can be consulted and downloaded free of charge at https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo - Didactic materials	2	MED/12	20	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90188 - I.C. Diagnostic imaging techniques 3 (objectives) The course aims to provide the student with knowledge of physiological, physiopathological, clinical, and diagnostic applications of Imaging techniques in order to optimize scientific and technical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this application is crucial for the development of specific professional skills. The training objectives are knowledge of the techniques and methods of radiotherapy treatment, development of the treatment plan and the equipment used for therapy. To provide students with the knowledge of advanced techniques on MRI and Computed Tomography equipment. The teaching, integrated with the medical disciplines, aims to provide the student with the specific technical professional skills for the provision of typical services in the clinical field of nuclear medicine / molecular imaging, through the study and deepening of the principles and of the equipment / instrumentation used (such as gamma cameras or PETs, fractionators and radiopharmacy instrumentation), the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals and its clinical applications and methodologies, used for diagnosis and therapy.
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy (objectives) The course aims to provide the student with knowledge of physiological, physiopathological, clinical, and diagnostic applications of Imaging techniques in order to optimize scientific and technical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this application is crucial for the development of specific professional skills. The training objectives are knowledge of the techniques and methods of radiotherapy treatment, development of the treatment plan and the equipment used for therapy. To provide students with the knowledge of advanced techniques on MRI and Computed Tomography equipment. The teaching, integrated with the medical disciplines, aims to provide the student with the specific technical professional skills for the provision of typical services in the clinical field of nuclear medicine / molecular imaging, through the study and deepening of the principles and of the equipment / instrumentation used (such as gamma cameras or PETs, fractionators and radiopharmacy instrumentation), the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals and its clinical applications and methodologies, used for diagnosis and therapy. - Argiro' Renato (syllabus) • Computed Tomography Settings and Protocols • Neuro CT • Head and Neck CT • Chest CT • Cardio-CT • Abdominal CT • Pelvic CT • Angio-CT • Seminar: The role of computed tomography in trauma: international protocols and clinical applications. Date 13.11.2023 (16:00-19:00) Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of Linac The teaching program will address the following topics: Definitions; Electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation and consequent radiobiological effect on neoplastic tissues and normal tissues; Beams of photons and electrons of different energy and characteristics of the action on the surface and in depth; Definition of volumes in radiotherapy; Dose fractionation and treatment techniques; Toxicity; Examples of treatment in various organ pathologies. Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of dedicated machines The teaching program will address the following topics: explanation of the problems inherent in the different phases of the path of the cancer patient candidate for radiation treatment, deepening those concerning treatment planning and delivery both for 3D techniques and for ultra-conformed and volumetric ones. General principles of oncological radiotherapy The teaching program will address the following topics: radiotherapy, therapeutic purposes and integrations. Therapeutic process in the treatment planning phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Isotac and isocenter; Contouring and co-registration; Volumes according to ICRU 50 (treatment volume and irradiated volume); Principles of 3D planning and inverse planning (IMRT-VMAT); Acute tissues and late responders (toxicity); Organs in series and organs in parallel; DVH and Dose Constraints; Clinical evaluations of treatment plans. Therapeutic process in the therapy phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Evolution of the IGRT concept; Interfraction and intra-fraction control systems; Tracking systems; Concepts of adaptive and application methods. Special techniques The teaching program will address the following topics: Interventional Radiotherapy, techniques and clinical indications; Definition of IMRT (Step & shoot / Sliding windows); Cranial and extracranial stereotaxia (SRT / SBRT); Respiratory Gating; MRI hybrid radiotherapy equipment. (reference books) • Nikolaou, Konstantin, Fabian Bamberg, Andrea Laghi, and Geoffrey D. Rubin. 2019. Multislice CT. Springer. • Romano Luigia, Massimo Silva, Sonia Fulciniti, and Antonio Pinto. 2016. MDCT Anatomy - Body. Springer Milan. • Radiation Therapy Study Guide: A Radiation Therapist's Review by Amy Heath. Springer, 2016. • Mosby’s Radiation Therapy Study Guide and Exam Review by Leia Levy. Elsevier 2020. • Elementi di Radioterapia Oncologica. Manuale per tecninici sanitari di radiologia medica. Balducci M, Cellini F, Cornacchione P, D’Angelillo R, Mattiucci GC, Pasini D. Società Editrice Universo, 2013. Didactic documents provided by the Professors. - Fionda Bruno (syllabus) • Computed Tomography Settings and Protocols • Neuro CT • Head and Neck CT • Chest CT • Cardio-CT • Abdominal CT • Pelvic CT • Angio-CT • Seminar: The role of computed tomography in trauma: international protocols and clinical applications. Date 13.11.2023 (16:00-19:00) Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of Linac The teaching program will address the following topics: Definitions; Electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation and consequent radiobiological effect on neoplastic tissues and normal tissues; Beams of photons and electrons of different energy and characteristics of the action on the surface and in depth; Definition of volumes in radiotherapy; Dose fractionation and treatment techniques; Toxicity; Examples of treatment in various organ pathologies. Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of dedicated machines The teaching program will address the following topics: explanation of the problems inherent in the different phases of the path of the cancer patient candidate for radiation treatment, deepening those concerning treatment planning and delivery both for 3D techniques and for ultra-conformed and volumetric ones. General principles of oncological radiotherapy The teaching program will address the following topics: radiotherapy, therapeutic purposes and integrations. Therapeutic process in the treatment planning phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Isotac and isocenter; Contouring and co-registration; Volumes according to ICRU 50 (treatment volume and irradiated volume); Principles of 3D planning and inverse planning (IMRT-VMAT); Acute tissues and late responders (toxicity); Organs in series and organs in parallel; DVH and Dose Constraints; Clinical evaluations of treatment plans. Therapeutic process in the therapy phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Evolution of the IGRT concept; Interfraction and intra-fraction control systems; Tracking systems; Concepts of adaptive and application methods. Special techniques The teaching program will address the following topics: Interventional Radiotherapy, techniques and clinical indications; Definition of IMRT (Step & shoot / Sliding windows); Cranial and extracranial stereotaxia (SRT / SBRT); Respiratory Gating; MRI hybrid radiotherapy equipment. (reference books) • Nikolaou, Konstantin, Fabian Bamberg, Andrea Laghi, and Geoffrey D. Rubin. 2019. Multislice CT. Springer. • Romano Luigia, Massimo Silva, Sonia Fulciniti, and Antonio Pinto. 2016. MDCT Anatomy - Body. Springer Milan. • Radiation Therapy Study Guide: A Radiation Therapist's Review by Amy Heath. Springer, 2016. • Mosby’s Radiation Therapy Study Guide and Exam Review by Leia Levy. Elsevier 2020. • Elementi di Radioterapia Oncologica. Manuale per tecninici sanitari di radiologia medica. Balducci M, Cellini F, Cornacchione P, D’Angelillo R, Mattiucci GC, Pasini D. Società Editrice Universo, 2013. Didactic documents provided by the Professors. - Guarnera Alessia (syllabus) • Computed Tomography Settings and Protocols • Neuro CT • Head and Neck CT • Chest CT • Cardio-CT • Abdominal CT • Pelvic CT • Angio-CT • Seminar: The role of computed tomography in trauma: international protocols and clinical applications. Date 13.11.2023 (16:00-19:00) Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of Linac The teaching program will address the following topics: Definitions; Electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation and consequent radiobiological effect on neoplastic tissues and normal tissues; Beams of photons and electrons of different energy and characteristics of the action on the surface and in depth; Definition of volumes in radiotherapy; Dose fractionation and treatment techniques; Toxicity; Examples of treatment in various organ pathologies. Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of dedicated machines The teaching program will address the following topics: explanation of the problems inherent in the different phases of the path of the cancer patient candidate for radiation treatment, deepening those concerning treatment planning and delivery both for 3D techniques and for ultra-conformed and volumetric ones. General principles of oncological radiotherapy The teaching program will address the following topics: radiotherapy, therapeutic purposes and integrations. Therapeutic process in the treatment planning phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Isotac and isocenter; Contouring and co-registration; Volumes according to ICRU 50 (treatment volume and irradiated volume); Principles of 3D planning and inverse planning (IMRT-VMAT); Acute tissues and late responders (toxicity); Organs in series and organs in parallel; DVH and Dose Constraints; Clinical evaluations of treatment plans. Therapeutic process in the therapy phase The teaching program will address the following topics: Evolution of the IGRT concept; Interfraction and intra-fraction control systems; Tracking systems; Concepts of adaptive and application methods. Special techniques The teaching program will address the following topics: Interventional Radiotherapy, techniques and clinical indications; Definition of IMRT (Step & shoot / Sliding windows); Cranial and extracranial stereotaxia (SRT / SBRT); Respiratory Gating; MRI hybrid radiotherapy equipment. (reference books) • Nikolaou, Konstantin, Fabian Bamberg, Andrea Laghi, and Geoffrey D. Rubin. 2019. Multislice CT. Springer. • Romano Luigia, Massimo Silva, Sonia Fulciniti, and Antonio Pinto. 2016. MDCT Anatomy - Body. Springer Milan. • Radiation Therapy Study Guide: A Radiation Therapist's Review by Amy Heath. Springer, 2016. • Mosby’s Radiation Therapy Study Guide and Exam Review by Leia Levy. Elsevier 2020. • Elementi di Radioterapia Oncologica. Manuale per tecninici sanitari di radiologia medica. Balducci M, Cellini F, Cornacchione P, D’Angelillo R, Mattiucci GC, Pasini D. Società Editrice Universo, 2013. Didactic documents provided by the Professors.	6	MED/36	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
- Medical sciences and techniques (objectives) The course aims to provide the student with knowledge of physiological, physiopathological, clinical, and diagnostic applications of Imaging techniques in order to optimize scientific and technical skills to employ radiological equipment adequately. Knowledge of this application is crucial for the development of specific professional skills. The training objectives are knowledge of the techniques and methods of radiotherapy treatment, development of the treatment plan and the equipment used for therapy. To provide students with the knowledge of advanced techniques on MRI and Computed Tomography equipment. The teaching, integrated with the medical disciplines, aims to provide the student with the specific technical professional skills for the provision of typical services in the clinical field of nuclear medicine / molecular imaging, through the study and deepening of the principles and of the equipment / instrumentation used (such as gamma cameras or PETs, fractionators and radiopharmacy instrumentation), the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals and its clinical applications and methodologies, used for diagnosis and therapy. - Chiatamone Ranieri Carmine (syllabus) Linear accelerator, linear accelerator with cone-beam ct system, iort, brachitherapia, simulator, mobile laser, immobilization systems, cerebral stereotassic treatment, cerebral treatment, tumor treatment of the respiratory system, breast treatment, breast treatment, breast treatment treatment of the digestive apparatus, treatment of the prostate and urinary system, treatment of cutaneous injuries, metastase ratement, treatment planning system (tps), digital reformat reconstruction (drr) and with beam-ct, detection of target target and contour (gtv) ctv-ptv), fusion of images, 2d, conformational (3d) and imrt treatment, isodose curve, disomogenization and dosage surface (bolus) • Redefinition of Spatial Resolution and Contrast Resolution and methods of use in the various imaging methods • CT scan Dual Source and Dual Energy, technology and imaging techniques in different anatomical districts • Neuro imaging with MRI, Diffusion, Tractography and fMri • Magnetic resonance at 3 Tesla • Perfusion in CT and Mri • Introduction to nuclear medicine / molecular imaging methodologies • organization and management of a Nuclear Medicine department (environments, equipment, roles and functions); • Nuclear Medicine Equipment (gamma camera, PET and SPECT) • Main applications in diagnostics and therapy (according to international protocols and guidelines) • Radiopharmaceuticals, quality controls, good preparation practices, waste disposal • Seminar: organization and management of a department of Nuclear Medicine (environments, equipment, roles and functions), preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. (reference books) • External beam therapy, Peter Hoskin, Oxford • Calabria F., Schillaci O. (Ed.) Radiopharmaceuticals: A Guide to PET/CT and PET/MRI, Milano, Springer, 2019 • Volterrani, D., Erba, P.A., Carrio, I., Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Nuclear Medicine Textbook, Milano, Spinger, 2019 • Assadi, Majid, Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat, Biersack, Hans-Jürgen, Principles of Nuclear Medicine, Milano, Springer, 2018 • Consultation of documents and free resources produced by the European scientific societies of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy Guidelines & Recommendations or free content to download. For example: European Society of Radiology (https://www.myesr.org/publications/guidelines-and-recommendations); European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) (https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide/) Material provided by the Professors. - Santarelli Federico (syllabus) Linear accelerator, linear accelerator with cone-beam ct system, iort, brachitherapia, simulator, mobile laser, immobilization systems, cerebral stereotassic treatment, cerebral treatment, tumor treatment of the respiratory system, breast treatment, breast treatment, breast treatment treatment of the digestive apparatus, treatment of the prostate and urinary system, treatment of cutaneous injuries, metastase ratement, treatment planning system (tps), digital reformat reconstruction (drr) and with beam-ct, detection of target target and contour (gtv) ctv-ptv), fusion of images, 2d, conformational (3d) and imrt treatment, isodose curve, disomogenization and dosage surface (bolus) • Redefinition of Spatial Resolution and Contrast Resolution and methods of use in the various imaging methods • CT scan Dual Source and Dual Energy, technology and imaging techniques in different anatomical districts • Neuro imaging with MRI, Diffusion, Tractography and fMri • Magnetic resonance at 3 Tesla • Perfusion in CT and Mri • introduction to nuclear medicine / molecular imaging methodologies • organization and management of a Nuclear Medicine department (environments, equipment, roles and functions); • Nuclear Medicine Equipment (gamma camera, PET and SPECT) • Main applications in diagnostics and therapy (according to international protocols and guidelines) • Radiopharmaceuticals, quality controls, good preparation practices, waste disposal • Seminar: organization and management of a department of Nuclear Medicine (environments, equipment, roles and functions), preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. (reference books) • External beam therapy, Peter Hoskin, Oxford • Calabria F., Schillaci O. (Ed.) Radiopharmaceuticals: A Guide to PET/CT and PET/MRI, Milano, Springer, 2019 • Volterrani, D., Erba, P.A., Carrio, I., Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Nuclear Medicine Textbook, Milano, Spinger, 2019 • Assadi, Majid, Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat, Biersack, Hans-Jürgen, Principles of Nuclear Medicine, Milano, Springer, 2018 • Consultation of documents and free resources produced by the European scientific societies of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy Guidelines & Recommendations or free content to download. For example: European Society of Radiology (https://www.myesr.org/publications/guidelines-and-recommendations); European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) (https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide/) Material provided by the Professors. - DI LASCIO ANTONIO (syllabus) Linear accelerator, linear accelerator with cone-beam ct system, iort, brachitherapia, simulator, mobile laser, immobilization systems, cerebral stereotassic treatment, cerebral treatment, tumor treatment of the respiratory system, breast treatment, breast treatment, breast treatment treatment of the digestive apparatus, treatment of the prostate and urinary system, treatment of cutaneous injuries, metastase ratement, treatment planning system (tps), digital reformat reconstruction (drr) and with beam-ct, detection of target target and contour (gtv) ctv-ptv), fusion of images, 2d, conformational (3d) and imrt treatment, isodose curve, disomogenization and dosage surface (bolus) • Redefinition of Spatial Resolution and Contrast Resolution and methods of use in the various imaging methods • CT scan Dual Source and Dual Energy, technology and imaging techniques in different anatomical districts • Neuro imaging with MRI, Diffusion, Tractography and fMri • Magnetic resonance at 3 Tesla • Perfusion in CT and Mri • introduction to nuclear medicine / molecular imaging methodologies • organization and management of a Nuclear Medicine department (environments, equipment, roles and functions); • Nuclear Medicine Equipment (gamma camera, PET and SPECT) • Main applications in diagnostics and therapy (according to international protocols and guidelines) • Radiopharmaceuticals, quality controls, good preparation practices, waste disposal • Seminar: organization and management of a department of Nuclear Medicine (environments, equipment, roles and functions), preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. (reference books) • External beam therapy, Peter Hoskin, Oxford • Calabria F., Schillaci O. (Ed.) Radiopharmaceuticals: A Guide to PET/CT and PET/MRI, Milano, Springer, 2019 • Volterrani, D., Erba, P.A., Carrio, I., Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Nuclear Medicine Textbook, Milano, Spinger, 2019 • Assadi, Majid, Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat, Biersack, Hans-Jürgen, Principles of Nuclear Medicine, Milano, Springer, 2018 • Consultation of documents and free resources produced by the European scientific societies of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy Guidelines & Recommendations or free content to download. For example: European Society of Radiology (https://www.myesr.org/publications/guidelines-and-recommendations); European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) (https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide/) Material provided by the Professors.	6	MED/50	60	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG

Second semester

Course	Credits	Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code	Contact Hours	Exercise Hours	Laboratory Hours	Personal Study Hours	Type of Activity	Language
90186 - Elective exams - Santarelli Federico	3		30	-	-	-	Elective activities	ENG
90187 - English (objectives) The aim of the module is to provide students with a practical grammatical, lexical and phonetic analysis of realistic, colloquial and up-to-date dialogues in clinical settings. The module also seeks to establish an awareness in students of the essential role English phonetics plays in medical science. - Rotatori Alessandro (syllabus) The module will consider the following topics: 1. Taking a history 2. Vital signs 3. Pain 4. Explaining diagnosis and management 5. Discussing treatment with patients 6. The hospital 7. Pre-operative patient assessment 8. Post-operative patient assessment 9. Patient discharge 10. Breathing problems 11. Communicating 12. Personal care 13. Elimination 14. Eating and drinking 15. Mobility 16. Wound care 17. Sexuality and gynaecology 18. Medical imaging 19. Heart problems 20. Diabetes care 21. Intravenous infusions 22. Cancer treatment Students will also be given the chance to practise the language of both telephone conversations and oral presentations. (reference books) Rotatori, A. (2020). Parlare e comprendere l’inglese contemporaneo della medicina e infermieristica. EdiSES Università Wells, J. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd edition). Longman Further materials will be made available as handouts before lectures.	3		30	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	ENG
90190 - Clinical Practice 3rd year (annual) - Santarelli Federico	23	MED/50	-	-	-	-	Core compulsory activities	ENG
90191 - Seminar activities/information technology - Santarelli Federico	2		-	10	-	-	Other activities	ENG
90189 - professional laboratory - Chiatamone Ranieri Carmine	1		-	-	10	-	Other activities	ENG
90192 - Final exam	6		-	-	-	-	Final examination and foreign language test	ENG

Last updated: 13/03/2026 22:47