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Course
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Credits
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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Contact Hours
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Exercise Hours
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Laboratory Hours
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Personal Study Hours
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Type of Activity
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Language
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90171 -
I.C. Biological and biochemical foundations of living systems
(objectives)
The main objective of the course is to acquire knowledge relating to the physiological and morphological characteristics of cells, as functional units of living organisms. The key to any biological problem can, in fact, be sought at the cellular level.
Another important goal is the use of the experimental method as a means of understanding the biological mechanisms that regulate life and a tool for the study of pathological processes.
The course aims to introduce the student to the radiological discipline and to provide him with the basic knowledge of radiation physics and radiobiology. Knowledge of the main biological macromolecules. Knowledge of the functioning mechanism of enzymes.
General knowledge of the main metabolic pathways and, in more detail, of the main pathway of glucose catabolism. The purpose of the Medical Genetics course is to provide students with the main knowledge on the inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases.
At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize their transmission methods. Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial ethology are essential objectives.
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Applied biology
(objectives)
The main objective of the Applied Biology teaching is to acquire knowledge relating to the physiological and morphological characteristics of cells, as functional units of living organisms. The key to any biological problem can, in fact, be sought at the cellular level. Another important goal is the use of the experimental method as a means of understanding the biological mechanisms that regulate life and a tool for the study of pathological processes.
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Nardacci Roberta
( syllabus)
•Origin of life. Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell. Bacteria and archaeobacteria. Virus.
Structure and function of biological molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Water and pH.
How to study the cell (optical and electronic microscopes; biochemical methods).
Cellular compartments and organelles (the plasma membrane, the nucleus, the cytoskeleton, the endoplasmic reticulum, the ribosomes, the Golgi complex, the mitochondria, the chloroplasts, the peroxisomes, the lysosomes and the vacuoles).
Movement of molecules. Passive transport, active transport, endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis), exocytosis.
Nucleic acids. DNA and RNA. Transcription and translation. Regulation of gene expression.
Cell cycle. Types of cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (mitosis and meiosis).
Protein biosynthesis.
Sexual reproduction and its evolutionary meaning.
Tissues, stem cells and cancer. Genes that are critical for cancer development: proto-oncogenes and tumours suppressor genes.
( reference books)
Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D. Johnson, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter. “Essential Cell Biology (Fifth Edition)”. Casa editrice: W. W. Norton & Company. 2019.
or
Peter H. Raven, George Johnson, Kenneth A. Mason, Jonathan B. Losos, Tod Duncan.
“Biology”. Casa editrice: McGraw-Hill Education, 2019.
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2
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BIO/13
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20
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-
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-
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Radiobiology
(objectives)
The course aims to introduce the student to the radiological discipline and to provide him with basic knowledge of radiation physics and radiobiology
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Ciabattoni Antonella
( syllabus)
• Definition and physical principles of Radiation and distinction between types of radiation (Non-Ionizing Radiation and Ionizing Radiation).
• Main sources of natural and artificial radiation. Radioactivity and radioactive decay
• Effects of radiation on DNA and mechanisms of repair of radio-induced damage; effects of radiation exposure to tissues, organs and the whole organism
• Use of radiation in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy
( reference books)
1. Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed.
2. Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques 9th Edition by Lampignano John; Kendrick, Leslie E.
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1
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MED/36
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10
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Core compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Biochemistry
(objectives)
The aim of the teaching of BIOCHEMISTRY is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge relating to the structure of atoms and chemical elements and of the macromolecules necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms and their transformation processes. Put the student in a position to understand the basics of chemistry and cellular metabolism. The teaching also intends to provide the student with the fundamental knowledge relating to the basic concepts of chemistry, the structure of macromolecules underlying the metabolic processes necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. To enable the student to understand the basics of cellular metabolism. The course aims to provide the student with some essential methods used in chemistry and biochemical practice and the theoretical principles on which these methodologies and their field of application are based.
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Nicolai Eleonora
( syllabus)
• Structure / function of biological molecules: Structure of proteins: amino acids; peptide bond; primary structure; tertiary and quaternary secondary. Protein functions. Myoglobin and haemoglobin. Enzymes: characteristics and functioning; enzymatic inhibition mechanisms.
• Glucose catabolism: the anaerobic catabolic pathway, glycolysis and fermentations.
• The aerobic catabolic pathway: the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The regulation: hormones and vitamins
• Fatty acid catabolism: Beta oxidation. Ketogenesis
( reference books)
1. ”Biochemistry”, D. R. Ferrier Wolters Kluwer;
2. “Lehningher principles of biochemistry”, D. L. Nelson, M.M. Cox (2017) W.H. Freeman & Co.
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2
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BIO/10
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20
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology
(objectives)
The teaching of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology aims to provide students with the theoretical-practical knowledge of the basic principles of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology underlying the execution and evaluation of laboratory diagnostic tests
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Pieroni Luisa
( syllabus)
• Definition, limits and aims of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology as disciplines of Laboratory Medicine.
• General organization of the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory: from the request for analysis to the report.
• Reference ranges, critical values
• Sources of variability in the pre-analytical and analytical phase, intra and inter-individual biological variability, concepts of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and their applications. Internal and external quality control
• Balance of body fluids and electrolytes. Acid-base balance. Conditions associated with abnormal electrolyte composition or acid-base balance
• Plasma proteins and enzymes as biomarkers of tissue and organ damage. Evaluation of plasma / serum enzymes and metabolites for diagnostic purposes.
• Introduction to Clinical Molecular Biology and Molecular Biomarkers
• Methods of preparation and analysis of proteins and nucleic acids in clinical diagnostics (E.g. immuno-detections and immunoassays of proteins, protein and nucleic acid electrophoresis, PCR, gene sequencing, arrays, LC-MS, etc)
• Molecular diagnostic tests (genetic and oncological diseases)
( reference books)
1. Michael Laposata. “Laboratory Medicine: the diagnosis of disease in the clinical laboratory” (3rd edition). LANGE editor
2. Michael J. Murphy & Rajeev Srivastava & Kevin Deans “Clinical Biochemistry”, Sixth Edition , Elsevier
3. Michael M. Cox, Jennifer Doudna, Michael O'Donnell. “Molecular Biology: Principles and Practice”; W H Freeman & Co; 2
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2
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BIO/12
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20
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Genetics
(objectives)
The aim of the course of Medical Genetics is to provide to students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course, the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases.
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D'Apice Maria Rosaria
( syllabus)
Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms: gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, dominance, recessivity, codominance.
Mutations and polymorphisms.
Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid Crosses, Segregation in Human Pedigrees, Blood groups Genetics
Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal Dominant inheritance, Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance
Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees
Chromosomes: Structure and Analysis, Chromosomes Pathologies
Multifactorial inheritance: polymorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies
Genetic tests.
( reference books)
Recommended books: “Medical Genetics” by Lynn Jorde John Carey Michael Bamshad. Edited by Elsevier
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1
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MED/03
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10
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Microbiology
(objectives)
Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main microbial aetiologies are essential objectives. These objectives will be achieved through frontal lectures, seminars and interactive teaching activities, designed to facilitate learning and improve the ability to identify potential microbiological problems during professional activity.
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Armenia Daniele
( syllabus)
Basic principles of microbiology
Morphology and structure of the bacterial cell
Structure of bacterial spores and sporulation process
Gram stain and staining for acid resistance
Metabolism, growth and bacterial replication
Sterilization, disinfection, asepsis
Morphology of viral particles
Cell tropism and host spectrum
Viral enzymes
Classification of viruses
Stages of viral replication
Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis
Demonstration of causal nature between pathogen and disease: Koch postulates
Normal microbial flora of our organism
"Host-microorganism" interactions: Commensalism -Mutualism - Parasitism
Factors that influence the "host -microrganism" balance
Mode of transmission of the infection
Stages of the infectious process
Factors of bacterial virulence
Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and of interaction with the host:
Transmission mode
Stages of the infectious process
Localized and disseminated infection
State of persistence and latency
Viral oncogenesis
Cytopathic effect induced by viruses
Expression of genes and / or cellular proteins
( reference books)
The basics of Microbiology
Authors: Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe Bruce D. Fisher
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1
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MED/07
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10
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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90172 -
I.C. Anatomy, histology and human physiology
(objectives)
At the end of the course, the student must be able to: Describe the macroscopic organization of the human body, using anatomical terminology appropriately; describe the main body cavities; describe the individual organs of the various apparatuses and systems from a macroscopic, microscopic and topographical point of view.
The purpose of the teaching is, starting from the knowledge of the basic concepts and normal quantitative parameters of body functions and their variations in the different conditions of dynamic engagement, to develop in the student the ability to understand the principles of the functioning of the human body. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis will then be analyzed in the context of changes in the environment.
Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics with particular regard to the processes underlying the radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed.
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Human anatomy and radiological anatomy
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Vitali Andrea
( syllabus)
LOCOMOTOR APARTMENT. (8 hours) axial skeleton: skull, vertebral column, vertebrae, pelvic girdle. Appendicular skeleton: shoulder girdle, arm bones, forearm and hand, thigh bones, leg and foot. Joints: classification and movements. Temporo-mandibular, sternoclavicular, shoulder, intervertebral joints, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, wrist and hand. Joints of the hip, knee, ankle. Muscular skeletal system. Axial muscles: head, neck, extrinsic muscles of the eye, tongue, pharynx, main muscles associated with the spine, diaphragm, muscles of the perineum and urogenital diaphragm. Appendicular muscles: shoulder girdle and arm. Muscles of the thigh and major muscles of the lower leg.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. (8 hours) Heart, coronary circulation, thoracic aorta, abdominal and their main branches. Willis polygon. Main arteries of the lower limbs. Venous system: hollow veins and its major tributaries. Main veins of the upper limb, thorax, abdomen and lower limb. Portal circulation. Fetal circulation. General information on the lymphatic system.
SPLANCNOLOGY (12 hours) Microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine tracts.
NEUROANATOMY (12 hours) Spinal cord: segments and internal organization: gray matter, ascending and descending tracts. Spinal nerves, nerve plexuses and reflex arches. Brain stem (Medulla oblongata, Pons, Mesencephalon): internal and external structure. Cranial nerves: nuclei of origin and innervation. Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus): internal and external structure. Thalamic nuclei. Telencephalon: internal and external structure. Anatomical and functional organization of the cerebral cortex. Allocortex. Basal ganglia. Cerebellum: internal and external structure. Ventricle system. Meninges. Blood circulation of the brain and dural sinuses. Sensory system: spinothalamic tract, fascicolus gracilis and cuneatus tracts, spinocerebellar tract. Conduction of pain. Visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory and limbic system. Motor system: pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Motor nuclei. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Enteric nervous system.
( reference books)
• Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch: Human Anatomy,
• Tortora: Human Anatomy,
• Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology
• Gli studenti sono incoraggiati ad usare un Atlante di Anatomia Umana
• Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas
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4
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BIO/16
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40
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Radiological anatomy
(objectives)
Knowledge of the main topics of radiological anatomy (Radiographic Imaging). The student will acquire notions of physics in particular regarding the processes that are at the basis of radiographic images. Basic radiographic projections will be discussed.
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Ciabattoni Antonella
( syllabus)
1. Radiographic anatomy of the head and neck region
2. Radiographic anatomy of the thorax
3. Radiographic anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis
4. Radiographic anatomy of the limbs
( reference books)
Radiobiology for the radiologist / Eric J. Hall, Amato J. Giaccia.—7th ed.
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1
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MED/36
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10
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Core compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Histology
(objectives)
The course aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student must be able to acquire a correct terminology and develop skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate in Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Techniques, will have to use in the planning and management of work activities.
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Massimiani Micol
( syllabus)
PREPARATION OF TISSUES FOR HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. Microscopy, preservation of biological structures, stainings.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE. General characteristics of epithelia, junctions, polarity of epithelial cells, surface specializations, basal lamina, classification of epithelia, endothelium, absorbent epithelium, pseudostratified epithelium, transitional epithelium, epidermis, glandular epithelia (exocrine and endocrine glands).
CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Histological organization: extracellular matrix (macromolecules of the ground substance, collagen and elastic fibers) and connective cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and mast cells). The different types of connective proper: loose and dense (irregular and regular). The white and brown adipose tissue. Supportive connective tissues: cartilage (cells and extracellular matrix, hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage, growth and repair) and bone (cells and extracellular matrix, compact and spongy bone, osteogenesis, growth and repair). Blood: plasma and serum, cells (red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes), platelets, hematopoiesis. Outline of the lymphatic system.
MUSCLE TISSUE. Skeletal muscle: organization of muscle fibers, myofibrils and myofilaments, sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, neuromuscular junction, contraction mechanism, regeneration. Cardiac muscle: structure of cardiomyocytes (intercalated discs, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofilaments), Purkinje fibers, regeneration. Smooth muscle: structure of smooth muscle cells, contractile apparatus, regeneration.
NERVOUS TISSUE. The neuron. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves. Synapses. Glial cells.
( reference books)
“Bloom and Fawcett's Concise Histology”, Don W. Fawcett, Ronald P. Jensh, William Bloom – 2nd Edition - Hodder Arnold.
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1
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BIO/17
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10
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Human physiology
(objectives)
The aim of the teaching is to provide the knowledge of the fundamental physiological mechanisms of human functions. The course includes the acquisition of knowledge on the operating principles of the organs that compose the human body, and their dynamic integration into apparatuses and systems for maintaining body homeostasis in the context of changes in the environment. The course will allow to acquire the ability to independently apply the knowledge of organ and system functioning mechanisms to situations of potential functional alteration. At this regard, the students will also need to know the main indicators and normal parameters of human physiological functions, and the related measurement methods. These objectives will be achieved through lectures, seminars and interactive teaching activities, aimed at facilitating learning and improving the ability to solve simple physiological problems.
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Scorretti Massimo
( syllabus)
Cell Membrane Physiology:
-Transport of ions and molecules across the cell membrane
- Membrane potential and action potential
Muscle Physiology:
-Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue.
- Neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling.
- Motor unit
Nervous System Physiology:
-The sensory system: decoding and processing of sensory information.
-The motor system: general characteristics of the motor system: involuntary, voluntary and automatic movements; the spinal reflexes; brain stem control of movement: posture and balance. Cortical control of voluntary movements. The cerebellum: general characteristics, functions of the cerebellum. The basal ganglia: functional role.
- The autonomic nervous system.
- Integrative functions of the nervous system.
Cardiovascular Physiology:
-Myocardial physiology: functional anatomy of the myocardium, action potentials of the myocardium, contraction of the heart muscle.
- Cardiac cycle
-Nervous control of cardiac activity.
-General principles of hemodynamics.
-Regulation of circulation, blood pressure and blood flow.
-Cardiac output: principles of regulation of cardiac output.
- Heart tones.
The Respiratory System:
-Pulmonary ventilation: respiratory mechanics, lung volumes and capacities. Respiratory tract
-Gaseous exchanges: diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane.
-Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids.
-Regulation of breathing: general principles.
- Acid-base balance regulation: general principles.
Body fluids and kidney function:
-Functional anatomy of the kidney, function of the nephron. Glomerular filtration: general principles.
- Processing of glomerular filtrate: reabsorption and tubular secretion,
-Control of osmolarity and sodium concentration of the extracellular fluid: general principles.
-Renal regulation of blood volume: general principles
The endocrine system:
-General principles of endocrinology: nature of a hormone; general picture of the endocrine glands and their hormones. Principles of general functioning of hormones.
( reference books)
Martini Nath: Anatomy & Physiology
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2
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BIO/09
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20
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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90173 -
I.C. Information technology, statistics and physics applied to radiological sciences
(objectives)
It is an essential objective of this teaching to learn the knowledge of the essential elements of medical statistics which include: parameters for descriptive analysis (average, median, fashion and frequency measurement of the distribution of categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance , standard deviation and confidence intervals) and elements of inferential statistics (use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression techniques. The course aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the technical-health professions. The course aims to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand the role played by information systems, illustrating the development process of these systems and focusing attention on data management systems. The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics course within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the course, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy.
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Medical statistics applied to radiological sciences
(objectives)
Principles of medical statistics including parameters for descriptive analysis (mean, median, mode and measures of frequency distribution for categorical variables), parameters for the analysis of variability (variance, standard deviation and confidence intervals); principles of inferential statistics (the use and interpretation of the most common statistical tests), introduction to regression modelling.
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Sane Schepisi Monica
( syllabus)
• Variables: continuous, binary, ordinal, categorical.
• Inferential statistics on results and exposures.
• Average, median, modality, variance, standard errors and proportion.
• Line regression model
• Multiple regression and confounding model
• Nonlinear regression models. Nucleic acids. DNA and RNA. Transcription and translation. Regulation of gene expression.
• Cell cycle. Types of cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (mitosis and meiosis).
• Protein biosynthesis.
( reference books)
Epidemiology: Beyond the Basics / Edition 4 by Moyses Szklo, F. Javier Nieto
ISBN-10: 128411659X; ISBN-13: 9781284116595; Pub. Date: 05/02/2018; Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
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1
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MED/01
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10
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Information technology applied to radiological sciences
(objectives)
The course intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the essential role of Information Technology (IT) in our society, and specifically in the context of health-related technical professions.
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Del Greco Luca
( syllabus)
• Introduction to information systems
• Types of information systems
• The life cycle of information systems
• Database and Database Management System (DBMS)
( reference books)
Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning
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2
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INF/01
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20
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Data processing and storage
(objectives)
The course intends to provide students with the basic knowledge to understand the role of Information Systems and their lifecycle, specifically focusing on database management systems.
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Del Greco Luca
( syllabus)
• Introduction to information systems
• Types of information systems
• The life cycle of information systems
• Database and Database Management System (DBMS)
( reference books)
Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning
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2
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ING-INF/05
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20
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Core compulsory activities
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ENG |
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Basics of physics and radiations physics
(objectives)
The aim of the Basic Physics and Radiation Physics course within the integrated course of Computer Science, Statistics and Physics applied to Radiological Sciences is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed. At the end of the course, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using appropriate mathematical tools, they will know the scientific bases of medical procedures and the operating principles of equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapy.
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Calligari Paolo
( syllabus)
RADIATION PHYSICS
• Electric charge and electric field
• Electric potential
• Electric currents
• DC circuits
• Magnetism
• Electromagnetic induction and Faraday's law
• Electromagnetic waves
• The wave nature of light
• Optical instruments
• Early quantum theory and models of the atom
• Nuclear physics and radioactivity
• Nuclear energy; Effects and uses of radiation
( reference books)
Douglas C. Giancoli “PHYSICS: Principles with Applications” Seventh edition or subsequent, Pearson Education. Inc
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Bellome Andrea
( syllabus)
BASICS OF PHYSICS
• Introduction, measurement, estimating
• Describing motion: kinematics in one dimension
• Two-dimensional kinematics; Vectors
• Dynamics: Newton's laws of motion
• Circular motion; Gravitation
• Work and Energy
• Oscillations and waves
( reference books)
Douglas C. Giancoli “PHYSICS: Principles with Applications” Seventh edition or subsequent, Pearson Education. Inc
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3
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FIS/07
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30
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-
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-
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ENG |
