Degree Course: Midwifery Syllabus for A.Y. 2022/2023

• Short summary of basic concepts of inorganic and organic chemistry
• Chemical bonds, osmotic pressure, pH, buffers. The constituents of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, amino acids.
• Proteins - structure and function. Hemoproteins and gas transport (O2, CO2). Coenzymes and vitamins. Enzymes.
• Introduction to metabolism. Catabolism and anabolism. Glucose catabolism: glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle. Catabolism of fatty acids.
• The mitochondrion as the power plant of the cell: oxidative phosphorylation.
• Hormonal control of glucose metabolism. Insulin and glucagon: glycogenolysis, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis.
• Fasting, diabetes and ketogenesis. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids. Cholesterol metabolism. Amino acid metabolism and urea cycle in brief.

The indicated textbooks are just a reference. Students can adopt the book/books of their choice. Additional material will be provided by the Teachers.Massimo Stefani, Niccolò Taddei. Chimica & Biochimica. Ed. Zanichelli.
Bertoldi, Colombo, Magni, Marin, Palestini. Chimica e Biochimica. EdiSES.

• Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms: gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, dominance, recessivity, codominance, mutation, polymorphism.
• Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses, Segregation in Human Pedigrees, Blood groups Genetics
• Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance
• Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees
• Chromosomes: Structure and Analysis, Chromosomes Pathologies
• Genomic Imprinting
• X-chromosome inactivation
• Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, pattern of inheritance
• Multifactorial inheritance: polimorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies

“Genetica in Medicina”, by Nussbaum, McInnes, Willard. Edises; “Genetica Medica Essenziale” by Dallapiccola, Novelli. Cic editore

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES: Operational concept of physical quantity. Fundamental and derivative quantities. Scalar and vector quantities. Systems of measurement units. Measurement of physical quantities. Systematic errors and accidental errors. Sensitivity, precision of a measuring instrument.
MOVEMENT: Velocity and acceleration as scalar quantities. Velocity and acceleration as vectors.
THE FORCES: The concept of strength and the principle of inertia. The concept of mass is the second principle of dynamics. The weight force is the acceleration of gravity. The third principle of dynamics. Static balance of a material point. Balancing of a system of forces. Friction. Rigid bodies and center of gravity. Moment of a force with respect to a point. Balance of a rigid body. Definition and equilibrium condition of a lever. Various types of leverage. Levers in the human body.
WORK AND ENERGY: Work of a force. Work and kinetic energy. The concept of energy. Conservative forces (outline). Potential energy.
LIQUIDS: Definition and unit of measurement of pressure. Density and specific weight. Forces acting on a volume of fluid at rest. Stevino Law. Pressure gauges. Pascal's law.
THERMOMETRY and GAS: The concept of temperature. The centigrade temperature scale. Expansion thermometers. Clinical thermometer. Absolute temperature scale. The equation of state of perfect gases.
HEAT AND INTERNAL ENERGY: The concept of quantity of heat. Heat measurement unit. Thermal capacity of a body and specific heat of a substance. Expression of the amount of heat exchanged by a body. The internal energy of a system. The first principle of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic transformations. State changes. Metabolic power. Energy value of food. Temperature control
SOUND: wave phenomena. Elastic and electromagnetic waves. Nature of sound. Wavelength. Sound intensity. Technical applications and biological effects of ultrasound. Ultrasound in medical diagnostics.
THE ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA: The electric charge. Conductors and insulators. Electric field and intensity of the electric field. Coulomb law. Unit of measurement of electric charges. Dielectric constant. Electrical potential and potential difference. Electric capacitors. Electric current and current intensity. The direct current. Energy considerations on electrical circuits. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance and resistivity. Resistance in series and in parallel. Internal resistance of a generator. The thermal energy connected with the Joule effect. Power absorbed by a device. Electrical Safety
IONIZING RADIATION: Introduction to radiation. Radiation, radioactive decay, law of radioactive decay. Biological half-life. The most common decays and associated radiation. Interaction of radiation with matter and hints of dosimetry

The indicated textbooks are just a reference. Students can adopt the book/books of their choice. Additional material will be provided by the Teachers.
APPLIED PHYSICS
Paul Davidovits: Fisica per le professioni sanitarie. UTET.

- Origin of life. Bacteria and archaea. Virus.
- The cell as the basic unit of life, the cellular theory. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organization and differences.
- Structure and function of biological molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
- Water and pH.
- How to study the cell.
-Cellular compartments and organelles (the plasma membrane, the nucleus, the cytoskeleton, the
endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
peroxisomes, lysosomes and vacuoles).
- Movement of molecules. Passive transport, active transport, endocytosis (phagocytosis and
pinocytosis), exocytosis.
- Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
- Transcription and translation. Regulation of gene expression. Biosynthesis of proteins.
- Cell cycle. Types of cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (mitosis and meiosis).
- Sexual reproduction and its evolutionary significance.

- Sadava D, M. Hillis D, Craig Heller H, Hacker S, "Elementi di Biologia e genetica"¸ Zanichelli, V
ed.

or

-Raven P H, Johnson G B, Mason K A “Elementi di Biologia e Genetica” Piccin, II ed..

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY AND HOMEOSTASIS: Description of physiological mechanism. Structure-Function relationships of the body. Levels of organization in the body. Concept of Homeostasis. Homeostatic Control Systems.
CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PLASMA MEMBRANE: Membrane transport of ions and molecules. Membrane potential and action potentials. Synapses and neuronal integration. Intercellular communication and signal transduction. Neurotransmitters.
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY: Motor unit, neuromuscular junctions. Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle contraction and mechanics. Physiology of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Functional organization of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: afferent and efferent divisions. Role of glia cells. Autonomic nervous system. Integrative functions of nervous system.
CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY: Anatomy and electrical activity of the heart. Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac output and its control. General principles of hemodynamics. Blood vessels and blood pressure. Blood and hemostasis.
PHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: General principles of endocrinology. Principles of general functioning of hormones. Central and peripheral endocrine glands and their hormones. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis. Control of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Physiology of male and female reproductive system.
PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Respiratory anatomy and mechanic. Gas exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Control of respiration.
PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM: Elements of renal function: kidney and nephron. Glomerular filtration. Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Urinary tract. Ureter, bladder and urethra. Urine excretion and plasma clearance.
PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Digestive tract and accessory digestive organs. General aspects of digestion. Secretory function of digestive system. Motility of digestive tract. Nutrient digestion and absorption

• Martini Nath: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology (EdiSeS)
• Gerard J. Tortora Bryan Derrickson: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Ambrosiana)

Students are strongly encouraged to use a Human Anatomy Atlas

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM Skeleton: skull, vertebral column and main bones of the trunk, superior limb, inferior limb, pectoral and girdle and pelvis. Joints structure and classification, movements. Joints: Temporo-mandibular joint, shoulder joint, intervertebral joints, sterno-clavicular joint, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, wrist and hand joints. Hip joint, joint of the knee, ankle. Skeletal Muscular System: masticatory muscles (masseter, temporal, pterygoid). Motor muscles of the humerus (rotator cuff muscles, deltoid, teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, brachial, coracobrachial), flexor and extensor muscles of the elbow (biceps brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachialis, anconus). Respiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostal muscles, sternocleidomastoid, serratus posterior and anterior muscles, pectoralis minor, scalene, quadratus lumborum, external / internal oblique muscle, transversus abdominus, rectus of the abdomen).
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart, thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta. The Willi’s polygon. Coronary circulation. Main arteries of superior and inferior limbs. Venous system. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and their main branches in the thorax and abdomen. Main veins of the superior and inferior limbs. Portal circulation. Foetal circulation. Generalities on the lymphatic system.
SPLANCHNOLOGY Systemic and microscopy anatomy of digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine Systems.
NEUROANATOMY Spinal cord: segmental and internal organization: gray matter, ascending and discending tracts. Spinals nerves, plexuses and reflex arcs. Brainstem (Medulla oblungata, Pons, Mesencephalon): internal and external structure. Cranial nerves: nuclei and innervation. Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus): internal and external structure. Thalamic nuclei. Telencephanlon: internal and external structure. Anatomical and functional organization of cerebral cortex. Allocortex. Basal Ganglia. Cerebellum: internal and external structure. Ventricular system. Meninges. Brain blood vessels and dural sinuses. Sensory system: spinothalamic, tacts, fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. Pain conduction. Visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactor and limbic system. Motor system: pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Motor nuclei. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Enteric nervous system.
General principles of integumentary system.

• Martini Nath: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology (EdiSeS)
• Gerard J. Tortora Bryan Derrickson: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Ambrosiana)

Students are strongly encouraged to use a Human Anatomy Atlas

PREPARATION OF TISSUES FOR HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. Microscopy, preservation of biological structures, stainings.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE. General characteristics of epithelia, junctions, polarity of epithelial cells, surface specializations, basal lamina, classification of epithelia, endothelium, absorbent epithelium, pseudostratified epithelium, transitional epithelium, epidermis, glandular epithelia (exocrine and endocrine glands).
CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Histological organization: extracellular matrix (macromolecules of the ground substance, collagen and elastic fibers) and connective cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and mast cells). The different types of connective proper: loose and dense (irregular and regular). The white and brown adipose tissue. Supportive connective tissues: cartilage (cells and extracellular matrix, hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage, growth and repair) and bone (cells and extracellular matrix, compact and spongy bone, osteogenesis, growth and repair). Blood: plasma and serum, cells (red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes), platelets, hematopoiesis. Outline of the lymphatic system.
MUSCLE TISSUE. Skeletal muscle: organization of muscle fibers, myofibrils and myofilaments, sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, neuromuscular junction, contraction mechanism, regeneration. Cardiac muscle: structure of cardiomyocytes (intercalated discs, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofilaments), Purkinje fibers, regeneration. Smooth muscle: structure of smooth muscle cells, contractile apparatus, regeneration.
NERVOUS TISSUE. The neuron. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves. Synapses. Glial cells.

• William Bloom, Don W. Fawcett, “Elementi di istologia”, II edizione a cura di V. Cimini, CIC Edizioni Internazionali
• Adamo, Bernardini, Filippini, “Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia“, Edizione 2019, Editore Piccin

History of medicine: Prehistoric medicine, ancient Egypt, the classical world (Greece and Rome), the Middle Ages, the modern age, the contemporary age
History of obstetrics and gynaecology
History of childbirth assistance
Breastfeeding through the ages
History of the concept of sexuality
History of the concept of health and disease
Main historical and ethical aspects of the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients
Historical origins of bioethics
Birth and structuring of professional ethics
Books, objects, biological sources as tools of historical research applied to nursing

Lippi D. Storia della medicina. Per il corso di laurea triennale per ostetrici, CLUEB

Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology; Introduction to Medical Anthropology; Illness, disease and its narration; Complex health systems and Biomedicine; social suffering and health as social product; body and embodiment; audiovisual supports and case studies; slides and collection of scientific papers.

Didactic and integrative material provided by the lecturer.

Note: the bibliography and teaching materials necessary for the preparation for the final evaluation will be amply discussed by the Professors at the beginning of the lessons to better guide the students in the choice of texts and study materials.

Methods of diagnostics for images obstetrics: General criteria of diagnostic imaging. Diagnostics with ionizing radiation, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the fetus. Ultrasound diagnostics, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the foetus. Diagnostics with Magnetic Resonance, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the foetus. Normal radiological obstetric anatomy. Normal ultrasound obstetric anatomy. Normal obstetric anatomy in MRI. Radiological obstetric pathological anatomy. Ultrasound obstetric pathological anatomy. Obstetric pathological anatomy in magnetic resonance.
Methods of radiotherapy in obstetrics: General criteria of radiotherapy in obstetrics. Therapy with ionizing radiation and other radiotherapy sources, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the foetus.

Elementi di diagnostica per immagini di Leonardo Capaccioli e Natale Villari | 25 lug. 2014.

The rise of Sociology as a science; the role of sociology; from Unidimensionality to Multidimensionality: understanding the world around us; digital transformation; characters of post-modernity; complexity; power, control, deviance; position, role, status; socialization; identity; inequality, diversity, differences; diversity management.

Didactic and integrative material provided by the lecturer.

Note: the bibliography and teaching materials necessary for the preparation for the final evaluation will be amply discussed by the Professors at the beginning of the lessons to better guide the students in the choice of texts and study materials.

1. Neuroscience and behaviour: neurons, the nervous system and the endocrine system, the brain;
2. States of consciousness: sleep and dreams, hypnosis and meditation
3. Learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, cognitive-social approaches to learning
4. Memory: encoding, storage and retrieval of information, recall of long-term memories, oblivion
5. Thinking: categorization, thought formats, reasoning and problem solving
6. Motivation: explain the motivation and apply different perspectives to the motivation
7. Emotions: what are the emotions and the components of the emotional process
Developmental psychology:
1. Prenatal development: birth and newborn, growth before and after birth and what the newborn can do
2. Cognitive development: according to authors Jean Piaget, LevSemenovicVygotskij and Jerome Bruner
3. Moral development: Kohlberg
4. Affective development: Freud
5. Attachment: Winnicott and Bolbwy
Communication and prosociality:
1. Pragmatics of communication: theoretical assumptions
2. The axioms of communication
3. Pathological communication
4. Human interaction
5. Prosocial behaviors

Psicologia Generale, capire la mente osservando il comportamento. N. Holt, A. Brenner, E. Sutherland, M. Vliek, M. Passer, R. smith. McGraw-Hill, 2007
Slides given by the teacher

Introduction to the study of Pedagogy’s foundations. History of Pedagogy, teaching methods, theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.

Lectures’ slides and scientific articles.

Note: the bibliography and teaching materials necessary for the preparation for the final evaluation will be amply discussed by the Professors at the beginning of the lessons to better guide the students in the choice of texts and study materials.

Legislation, deontology and professional organization: international category associations; legislative evolution of the midwifery profession: professional profile, deontological code, law 42/99; Autonomy, responsibility, career opportunities; professional orders and National Federation of Midwives; Organization of the care service: organizational roles and responsibilities; Healthcare technologies and facilities; Managerial skills; Planning and personnel organization.
Introduction to the basic concepts of midwifery care: options for place of birth, introduction to pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and puerperium; primal health, breastfeeding and infant feeding.
Current strengths and critical points of the midwifery care.
Communication and relationship
Salutogenesis and woman health

Didactic material delivered by the Professors

Legislation, deontology and professional organization: international category associations; legislative evolution of the midwifery profession: professional profile, deontological code, law 42/99; Autonomy, responsibility, career opportunities; professional orders and National Federation of Midwives; Organization of the care service: organizational roles and responsibilities; Healthcare technologies and facilities; Managerial skills; Planning and personnel organization.
Introduction to the basic concepts of midwifery care: options for place of birth, introduction to pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and puerperium; primal health, breastfeeding and infant feeding.
Current strengths and critical points of the midwifery care.
Communication and relationship
Salutogenesis and woman health

Didactic material delivered by the Professors

Legislation, deontology and professional organization: international category associations; legislative evolution of the midwifery profession: professional profile, deontological code, law 42/99; Autonomy, responsibility, career opportunities; professional orders and National Federation of Midwives; Organization of the care service: organizational roles and responsibilities; Healthcare technologies and facilities; Managerial skills; Planning and personnel organization.
Introduction to the basic concepts of midwifery care: options for place of birth, introduction to pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and puerperium; primal health, breastfeeding and infant feeding.
Current strengths and critical points of the midwifery care.
Communication and relationship.
Salutogenesis and woman health.

-Didactic material delivered by the Professors

• Definition of health, disease and patient’s needs
• The nursing process applied to midwifery and the care plan
• Hygiene care
• Patient positioning and mobilization
• Fall prevention
• Principles of asepsis
• Hand washing
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Measurement of vital signs
• Health assessment
• Collection of laboratory samples: Collection of urine sample, Collection of stool sample, Capillary blood sampling, Venous sampling for routine and blood culture tests
• Management of drug therapy
• Oral drug administration
• Subcutaneous drug administration
• Intramuscular drug administration
• Intravenous drug administration

Didactic material delivered by the Professors

Aetiology and cellular pathology: health and disease concepts aetiology and pathogenesis. Environmental diseases: diseased caused by chemical or physical agents. Microbiologic agents and the patterns of disease caused by them.
and irreversible.
- Mechanism of cellular damage: free radical damage, hypoxia damage. Altered intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Reversible cell damage. Irreversible cell damage.
Cell adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Degeneration. Cellular aging.
Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis
- Inflammation
Definition and general characteristics. Acute inflammation or angiophlogosis. The vasculoematic phenomena of inflammation: hemodynamic modifications and exudate formation. Inflammatory mediators of tissue and plasma origin. Cellular response in inflammation: inflammation cells, chemotaxis and phagocytosis; histolesivity of inflammatory cell products. Outcomes of inflammation: chronicization, healing, abscess, fibrosis. Chronic inflammaton or histophlogosis. Causes of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation cells and mediators. Types of chronic inflammation.
- Concept of innate and acquired immunity.
- Molecular mechanisms of tumoral transformation: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The causes of cancer including chemicals and biological carcinogenesis; the phenotype of the transformed cell; tumor classification; epidemiology and prevention; the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression and metastatization. The relationship between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Inflammation and cancer. Nutrition and cancer.
- Pathology of haemostasis and coagulation. The platelet, hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic phases. The main disorders of haemostasis and coagulation. The main defects of the plasma and fibrinolytic (hemophilia) phases.
- Molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, formation of atheromatous plaque and related consequences; thrombosis; embolism; infarction; hypoxia and cyanosis; oedema. Mechanism of diabetes, classification, and consequences. Concept of liver damage.
- Cardiovascular Physiopathology: Thrombosis, embolism. Infarction. Shock. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, red blood cells disorders, heart transplantation, etc.
- Concept of lung physiopathology: acute and chronic inflammations; bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer.

G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale - Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie -Edizioni Piccin (4a Edizione, 2018).
Didactic and integrative material provided by the lecturer

- Aetiology and cellular pathology: health and disease concepts aetiology and pathogenesis. Environmental diseases: diseased caused by chemical or physical agents. Microbiologic agents and the patterns of disease caused by them.
and irreversible.
- Mechanism of cellular damage: free radical damage, hypoxia damage. Altered intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Reversible cell damage. Irreversible cell damage.
Cell adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Degeneration. Cellular aging.
Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis
- Inflammation
Definition and general characteristics. Acute inflammation or angiophlogosis. The vasculoematic phenomena of inflammation: hemodynamic modifications and exudate formation. Inflammatory mediators of tissue and plasma origin. Cellular response in inflammation: inflammation cells, chemotaxis and phagocytosis; histolesivity of inflammatory cell products. Outcomes of inflammation: chronicization, healing, abscess, fibrosis. Chronic inflammaton or histophlogosis. Causes of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation cells and mediators. Types of chronic inflammation.
- Concept of innate and acquired immunity.
- Molecular mechanisms of tumoral transformation: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The causes of cancer including chemicals and biological carcinogenesis; the phenotype of the transformed cell; tumor classification; epidemiology and prevention; the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression and metastatization. The relationship between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Inflammation and cancer. Nutrition and cancer.
- Pathology of haemostasis and coagulation. The platelet, hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic phases. The main disorders of haemostasis and coagulation. The main defects of the plasma and fibrinolytic (hemophilia) phases.
- Molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, formation of atheromatous plaque and related consequences; thrombosis; embolism; infarction; hypoxia and cyanosis; oedema. Mechanism of diabetes, classification, and consequences. Concept of liver damage.
- Cardiovascular Physiopathology: Thrombosis, embolism. Infarction. Shock. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, red blood cells disorders, heart transplantation, etc.
- Concept of lung physiopathology: acute and chronic inflammations; bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer.

G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale - Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie -Edizioni Piccin (4a Edizione, 2018)

- Aetiology and cellular pathology: health and disease concepts aetiology and pathogenesis. Environmental diseases: diseased caused by chemical or physical agents. Microbiologic agents and the patterns of disease caused by them.
and irreversible.
- Mechanism of cellular damage: free radical damage, hypoxia damage. Altered intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Reversible cell damage. Irreversible cell damage.
Cell adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Degeneration. Cellular aging.
Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis
- Inflammation
Definition and general characteristics. Acute inflammation or angiophlogosis. The vasculoematic phenomena of inflammation: hemodynamic modifications and exudate formation. Inflammatory mediators of tissue and plasma origin. Cellular response in inflammation: inflammation cells, chemotaxis and phagocytosis; histolesivity of inflammatory cell products. Outcomes of inflammation: chronicization, healing, abscess, fibrosis. Chronic inflammaton or histophlogosis. Causes of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation cells and mediators. Types of chronic inflammation.
- Concept of innate and acquired immunity.
- Molecular mechanisms of tumoral transformation: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The causes of cancer including chemicals and biological carcinogenesis; the phenotype of the transformed cell; tumor classification; epidemiology and prevention; the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression and metastatization. The relationship between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Inflammation and cancer. Nutrition and cancer.
- Pathology of haemostasis and coagulation. The platelet, hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic phases. The main disorders of haemostasis and coagulation. The main defects of the plasma and fibrinolytic (hemophilia) phases.
- Molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, formation of atheromatous plaque and related consequences; thrombosis; embolism; infarction; hypoxia and cyanosis; oedema. Mechanism of diabetes, classification, and consequences. Concept of liver damage.
- Cardiovascular Physiopathology: Thrombosis, embolism. Infarction. Shock. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, red blood cells disorders, heart transplantation, etc.
- Concept of lung physiopathology: acute and chronic inflammations; bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer.

G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale - Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie -Edizioni Piccin (4a Edizione, 2018).
Didactic and integrative material provided by the lecturer

How to use biomarkers; biomarkers in clinical practice.
HEMATOLOGY AND HEMOSTASIS IN PREGNANCY
Composition and functions of blood. Blood count and leukocyte formula. Red blood cells: physiology and pathology (anaemia, hemoglobinopathies); Platelets and leukocytes; Evaluation parameters of iron metabolism, ferritin, transferrin. Iron deficiency, vit B12 deficiency and folate deficiency. Blood groups, maternal-foetal incompatibility.
Haemostasis in pregnancy; evaluation of platelet function and of the fibrinolytic system; laboratory investigations for the definition of hypercoagulability states; diagnostic tests for poliabortivity.
Coombs test and RH group. Erythroblastosis fetalis.
KIDNEY FUNCTION:
Markers of kidney function: creatinine, creatinine clearance, azotaemia, uric acid, electrolytes, complete urine test (chemical-physical and morphological). Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of eclampsia.
LIVER FUNCTION
Transaminases, bilirubin, and others, LDH; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy.
GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM
Indicators of glucose metabolism: glucose, glucose tolerance curves; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Cholesterol, HDL triglycerides, LDL, apolipoproteins.

G.Federici – Medicina di laboratorio – Ed McGraw Hill – 4 Edizione
Didactic and integrative material provided by the lecturer

Characteristics of the main infection agents. Vital associations: commensalism, mutualism, parasitism. Associated microbial flora. Generalities on infection diseases: infectious ratio, infection and disease, endogenous infection, exogenous infections, opportunistic infections.
IMMUNOLOGY - Concept of innate immunity and acquired immunity. Role of the immune response in different infections. Survival of infection agents to immunity mechanisms. Principles of microbiological diagnostics.
BATTERIOLOGY - The bacterial cell: structure and essential functions. Gram negative and Gram positive. The bacterial spore. Cultivation of bacteria: growth and development of bacterial populations. Elements of bacterial genetics: mutations and mechanisms of genetic recombination. Principles of pathogenicity and virulence. Bacterial toxins: exotoxins and endotoxins. Mode of action of the main antibacterial drugs. Resistance to chemotherapy and antibiotics. Main bacteria responsible for human infection diseases, with particular reference to diseases of obstetrical-gynaecological and maternal-foetal district (gonorrhoea, syphilis, group B streptococci infection).
VIROLOGY -Nature, methods of study and classification of viruses. Composition and architecture of the viral particle. Cultivation of viruses. Virus-cell relationship: productive infection, transforming infection. Virus-to-host relationships: acute, persistent, latent, slow infections. Pathogenic mechanisms in viral infections. Vaccines and basis of antiviral chemotherapy. Infections with the main sexually transmitted and vertically transmitted viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2), rubella virus and Parvovirus B19.
MYCOLOGY -Habitat and morphology of fungi (yeasts, mycelial fungi). Fungal cell structure. Infections of the urogenital district by species of the genus Candida.
PARASITOLOGY - The protozoa cell: morphology and structure. Main characteristics of Helminths and Arthropods. Protozoa of gynaecological interest: Toxoplasma gondii; Trichomonas vaginalis.

Le basi della Microbiologia. Autori: Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe Bruce D. Fisher

Forms and documentation in the midwifery
Voluntary termination of pregnancy
Anonymous birth
Childbirth classes
Laws and policies on motherhood and fatherhood
Multicultural Midwifery
Sexual education
Health promotion, preconception health, health in pregnancy and after childbirth
Introduction to bibliographic research for midwives

Physiology of pregnancy: diagnosis, main physiological modifications, description and understanding of main clinical examination recommend to evaluate wellbeing and evolution of pregnancy.
Cardiotocography: basics for the interpretation of the cardiotografic trace.
Pregnancy care: care pathway specific for every trimester, following a midwifery approach.
The newborn: sign of wellbeing and alarm, first and following recommend care for a physiological newborn.
Etiology, diagnosis of vaginal and cervical infections; STI (sexually transmitted infections) during pregnancy; Papilloma virus; Cancer prevention and Pap test; Colposcopy; Hysteroscopy; Obstetric counselling; Invasive and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis; Screening test; Amniocentesis; CVS; Cordocentesis

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

Forms and documentation in the midwifery
Voluntary termination of pregnancy
Anonymous birth
Childbirth classes
Laws and policies on motherhood and fatherhood
Multicultural Midwifery
Sexual education
Health promotion, preconception health, health in pregnancy and after childbirth
Introduction to bibliographic research for midwives

Physiology of pregnancy: diagnosis, main physiological modifications, description and understanding of main clinical examination recommend to evaluate wellbeing and evolution of pregnancy.
Cardiotocography: basics for the interpretation of the cardiotografic trace.
Pregnancy care: care pathway specific for every trimester, following a midwifery approach.
The newborn: sign of wellbeing and alarm, first and following recommend care for a physiological newborn.
Etiology, diagnosis of vaginal and cervical infections; STI (sexually transmitted infections) during pregnancy; Papilloma virus; Cancer prevention and Pap test; Colposcopy; Hysteroscopy; Obstetric counselling; Invasive and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis; Screening test; Amniocentesis; CVS; Cordocentesis

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

Forms and documentation in the midwifery
Voluntary termination of pregnancy
Anonymous birth
Childbirth classes
Laws and policies on motherhood and fatherhood
Multicultural Midwifery
Sexual education
Health promotion, preconception health, health in pregnancy and after childbirth
Introduction to bibliographic research for midwives

Physiology of pregnancy: diagnosis, main physiological modifications, description and understanding of main clinical examination recommend to evaluate wellbeing and evolution of pregnancy.
Cardiotocography: basics for the interpretation of the cardiotografic trace.
Pregnancy care: care pathway specific for every trimester, following a midwifery approach.
The newborn: sign of wellbeing and alarm, first and following recommend care for a physiological newborn.
Etiology, diagnosis of vaginal and cervical infections; STI (sexually transmitted infections) during pregnancy; Papilloma virus; Cancer prevention and Pap test; Colposcopy; Hysteroscopy; Obstetric counselling; Invasive and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis; Screening test; Amniocentesis; CVS; Cordocentesis

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

Forms and documentation in the midwifery
Voluntary termination of pregnancy
Anonymous birth
Childbirth classes
Laws and policies on motherhood and fatherhood
Multicultural Midwifery
Sexual education
Health promotion, preconception health, health in pregnancy and after childbirth
Introduction to bibliographic research for midwives

Physiology of pregnancy: diagnosis, main physiological modifications, description and understanding of main clinical examination recommend to evaluate wellbeing and evolution of pregnancy.
Cardiotocography: basics for the interpretation of the cardiotografic trace.
Pregnancy care: care pathway specific for every trimester, following a midwifery approach.
The newborn: sign of wellbeing and alarm, first and following recommend care for a physiological newborn.
Etiology, diagnosis of vaginal and cervical infections; STI (sexually transmitted infections) during pregnancy; Papilloma virus; Cancer prevention and Pap test; Colposcopy; Hysteroscopy; Obstetric counselling; Invasive and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis; Screening test; Amniocentesis; CVS; Cordocentesis

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

Forms and documentation in the midwifery
Voluntary termination of pregnancy
Anonymous birth
Childbirth classes
Laws and policies on motherhood and fatherhood
Multicultural Midwifery
Sexual education
Health promotion, preconception health, health in pregnancy and after childbirth
Introduction to bibliographic research for midwives

Physiology of pregnancy: diagnosis, main physiological modifications, description and understanding of main clinical examination recommend to evaluate wellbeing and evolution of pregnancy.
Cardiotocography: basics for the interpretation of the cardiotografic trace.
Pregnancy care: care pathway specific for every trimester, following a midwifery approach.
The newborn: sign of wellbeing and alarm, first and following recommend care for a physiological newborn.
Etiology, diagnosis of vaginal and cervical infections; STI (sexually transmitted infections) during pregnancy; Papilloma virus; Cancer prevention and Pap test; Colposcopy; Hysteroscopy; Obstetric counselling; Invasive and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis; Screening test; Amniocentesis; CVS; Cordocentesis

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

• Macro and microscopic characteristics of urine and stool and their meaning.
• Identify the diagnostic tests related stool and urine and identify the technical procedures.
• Make an assessment (subjective and objective data) regarding the normal and altered characteristics of diuresis (anuria, oliguria, polyuria), urination (dysuria, nocturia, difficulty starting urination, stranguria) and urine (hematuria, bilirubinuria ,. .), to detect the presence of a bladder globe.
• Make an assessment (subjective and objective data) regarding the characteristics of the stool (fecaloma and any derivations).
• The theoretical principles that underlie the main interventions related to the urinary excretory function and the management of urinary retention, and urinary incontinence (from stress, stress, urgency, functional, reflex and regurgitation); Educational interventions to maintain the integrity of the function, for the prevention of urinary infections, assistance to the person with a bladder catheter, notes on the management of urostomies (peristomal skin hygiene and replacement of the collection bag), appropriate use of the aids for the incontinence management (diaper) and assistance to the person carrying diapers or condoms.
• Methods and scientific principles relating to extemporaneous and permanent bladder catheterization.
• The theoretical principles underlying interventions related to the faecal excretory function and the management of the risk of constipation and constipation, diarrhea and fecal incontinence. Educational interventions to maintain the integrity of the function and in the case of constipation or diarrhea (diet, fluids, intestinal gymnastics), notes on ostomy management; (hygiene of the peristomal skin and replacement of the collection bag).
• Methods and scientific principles relating to the enteroclisma (reasons for the execution, possible complications).
• Methods and scientific principles relating to the simple surgical wound dressing (possible complications of the surgical wound and indicators).
• Methods and scientific principles relating to the execution-management of a blood transfusion and blood products (responsibilities, reasons for execution, possible complications).

White L.,Duncan G.,Baumle W., Fondamenti di Infermieristica, Edises

GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY: Basic definitions: pharmacology, drug, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical pharmacology, toxicology, chemotherapy. Drug classification criteria: synthetic/semisynthetic; over the counter/prescription. Drug nomenclature: scientific name, generic name, brand name. New drug development: clinical trials and regulatory agencies (FDA and EMA). Pharmacodynamics: agonist and antagonist receptors. Dose-response curve. Pharmacodynamic parameters: potency, efficacy, affinity, EC50, ED50, TD50, LD50, therapeutic index. Different kinds of receptors: G-proteins coupled, tyrosine kinase, ion channels, intracellular receptors; second messengers. Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion processes. Routes of administration, enteral and parenteral. Plasma proteins binding. Type I and II metabolism, CYP450 enzymes. Routes of excretion. Bioavailability. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in pregnancy. Teratogenic drugs, mechanisms of teratogenesis; FDA risk categories in pregnancy.
SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY: steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side effects. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side effects. Aspirin and Paracetamol. Opioid analgesics: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics. Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal concepts Endocrine Pharmacology: hypothalamic, pituitary, thyroid, sexual hormones. Different types of contraceptive pills.

General and special pharmacology for degree courses in the health professions
Di Giulio et al.
Piccin, second edition

Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical therapy of:
Acute and chronic inflammation: general and surgical characteristics
Risk factors in surgery, post-operative complications, preparation for surgery
Escara, Ulcer, sore and gangrene.
Burns and frostbite
Various types of shocks
Wounds and their healing
Tuberculosis, carbuncle, amoebiasis
Lymphatic system: lymphedema, lymphangitis.
Veins and arteries; varicose veins, thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis, embolisms, aneurysms, chronic obstructive arteriopathies, arteriovenous fistulas.
Anal abscesses and fistulas: Anatomy, physiology, incontinence, prolapse, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, neoplasms.
Peritoneum: acute abdomen, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, mechanical and paralytic ileus.
Surgical oncology: epidemiology, etiology, prevention, oncology diagnostics and antineoplastic therapies.

Didactic and integrative material provided by the lecturer

Public Health and Preventive Medicine definition and goals. Determinants of health; health promotion; health education; genetic and environmental factors of disease.
Introduction to epidemiology. Demography and bio-statistical principles and analysis of more important health indicators (e.g. birth rate, mortality rate, infant mortality, etc.); absolute and relative risk. Epidemiology of infectious disease, epidemiology of chronic disease.
Primary, secondary and tertiary Prevention. Definition, timing and tools.
Natural history and spectrum of infectious disease. More important infectious disease and their spread (epidemic, pandemic and cluster); direct, indirect and specific prophylaxis; infectious risk: cause, transmission, preventive measure; chemical and physical cleaning, disinfection, sterilization.
Vaccine: indications, contraindications and preventive measures. Vaccine, history and perspectives; different type of immunity; different type of immunization; vaccine schedule.
Environment and health. Climate changes, micro-climate and water; prevention of biological risk; health protection and safety of health workers.
Food Hygiene and food-borne outbreaks. Human nutrition; food education; food control; Hygiene and prevention in collective catering (HACCP system).
Principles of Public Health applied to the Hospital setting. Healthcare Associated Infections (HCAI) – definition, epidemiology and prevention; Sanitization, disinfection, sterilization and disinfestation; Waste management in the hospital; Prevention and quality system aimed to ensure patient safety in the hospital (Services based on international gold standards and regulations in healthcare – JCI accreditation).

Ricciardi, Angelillo, Brusaferro, de Giusti, etc. Igiene per le professioni sanitarie.
Idelson-Gnocchi 2014.

Anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system
Malformative pathology of the female genital system
Gynecological endocrinology
Gynecological diagnosis
Menstrual changes
Phlogosis of the genital system
Fertilization, embryology and placentation

Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari, Ragni. Ginecologia e Ostetricia. SEU. 2017

Introduction to statistics
Reality observation: clinical observation and epidemiological observation
Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
Quantitative and qualitative variables
Absolute, relative and percentage frequency
Tables, diagrams and graphs
Statistical indices: measures of central tendency and dispersion
Central limit theorem
The normal curve (Gaussian) and its properties
Statistical inference: null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, the value of p, the statistical association
Association and causality
Hypothesis testing and introduction to statistical significance tests
Correlation

Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner
Biostatistica. Quello che avreste volute sapere…
Seconda Edizione, 2105
Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI)

Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical therapy of:
Acute and chronic inflammation: general and surgical characteristics
Risk factors in surgery, post-operative complications, preparation for surgery
Escara, Ulcer, sore and gangrene.
Burns and frostbite
Various types of shocks
Wounds and their healing
Tuberculosis, carbuncle, amoebiasis
Lymphatic system: lymphedema, lymphangitis.
Veins and arteries; varicose veins, thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis, embolisms, aneurysms, chronic obstructive arteriopathies, arteriovenous fistulas.
Anal abscesses and fistulas: Anatomy, physiology, incontinence, prolapse, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, neoplasms.
Peritoneum: acute abdomen, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, mechanical and paralytic ileus.
Surgical oncology: epidemiology, etiology, prevention, oncology diagnostics and antineoplastic therapies.

Argomenti di chirurgia; Autori: Piat - Borghese - Del Gaudio - Tonelli – Vagnoni; Editore: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; ISBN: 9788808084392; Edizione: II 2000
Manuale di Chirurgia; Autori: Pasquini Giorgio; Campa Rossella; D’Ambrosio Maurizio; Leonardo Giacomo; Editore: McGraw-Hill; ISBN/EAN: 9788838636783; Edizione: 1/2012

Perineal techniques during the labour for reducing perineal trauma and management of the perineum after delivery
Female genital mutilation
Pain in labor and delivery
Obstetric semeiotics in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, labor and delivery

Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari, Ragni. Ginecologia e ostetricia. SEU. 2017
Spandrio, Regalia, Bestetti. Fisiologia della nascita. Dai prodromi al post-partum.
Didactic material delivered by the Professor

Complications related to the third stage of labour: postpartum haemorrhage, recognize risk factors, signs and symptoms, the role of midwife in emergency management, the importance of teamwork;
Content and organizational of postnatal care: physiological changes during the postnatal period, needs of care, care of women’s psychological health, the role of midwife;
Physical health problems and complications in the puerperium: postpartum complications and early identification of the pathological event, the care of woman with sign and symptoms of life- threatening conditions and those with obvious risks for increased postpartum physical morbidity;
Multiple pregnancy: incidence of multiple pregnancy, determination of zygosity and chorionicity, antenatal care, management of the birth;
Rhythmic variations of labour: recognize altered patterns of uterine action and understand how these patterns may contribute to a prolonged or precipitate labour, the use of partogram, the role of midwife in the prevention, care and management of altered patterns of uterine action;
Low obstetric risk: Guidelines for the definition and organization of independent care by midwives for low-risk obstetric pregnancies;
Fetal intrauterine death: psycho-physical care by the midwife, management of childbirth and labor, induction to labor;
Obstetric-gynecological triage: the role of the midwife in triage, national guidelines on intra-hospital triage, triage methodology, assignment of numerical codes in the obstetric-gynecological field, clinical cases;
Sexual violence: definitions, guidelines, sexual violence during pregnancy, the role of midwife in the communication, treatment and management of women victims of sexual violence;
Labor and Water birth: pain, non-pharmacological analgesia techniques, guidelines for the management of water birth, guidelines and factors of inclusion and exclusion.

Fisiologia della nascita; Roberta Spandrio, Anita Regalia, Giovanna Bestetti;
Carocci Faber. Manuale dell’ostetrica i Myles; Ruth Bennett e Linda Brown; EDI-ERMES.
Urgenze ed emergenze in sala parto; Antonio Ragusa e Claudio Crescini; Piccin. Mayes' Midwifery; Editors: Sue Macdonald, Gail Johnson; Elsevier.

Midwifery care during the first stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, care settings, midwife role
Midwifery care during the second stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, labour and delivery phenomena, midwife role
Midwifery care during the third stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, management, midwife role
Midwifery care in the management of perineal traumas: spontaneous lacerations, episiotomy, sutures
Classification and interpretation of a cardiotocographic monitoring: characteristics of a CTG, definition of patterns, classification according to the FIGO 2015 and NICE 2017 Guidelines
Setting and preparation of surgical instruments for spontaneous vaginal delivery

Mayes' Midwifery; Editors: Sue Macdonald, Gail Johnson; Elsevier.

-The Theater
-Patient care in the peri-operative phase: ensuring a personalized assistance by integrating the assessment of the operative risk and care needs
-The surgical check-list
-Midwife’s role in the Theater: different tasks and responsibilities.
-Planning and management, together with the anesthetist, the care of the patients undergoing peridural and spinal analgesia, general anesthesia and postoperative pain therapy.
-preparation and management of the surgical instruments necessary for the different types of obstetric-gynecological surgery (caesarean section, instrumental revision of the uterine cavity, demolition caesarean section, cervical cerclage)
-Surgical times and the related surgical instruments of obstetric-gynecological surgery (caesarean section, instrumental revision of the uterine cavity, demolition caesarean section, cervical cerclage)
-Legal responsibilities of the midwife working in the Theater, in compliance with the ethical and deontological principles of the profession
-Evaluation, prevention and management the possible risks for the patient and for the operators in order to guarantee their safety in the Theater

-Perineal techniques during the labour for reducing perineal trauma and management of the perineum after delivery
-Female genital mutilation
-Pain in labor and delivery
-Obstetric semeiotics in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, labor and delivery

Complications related to the third stage of labour: postpartum haemorrhage, recognize risk factors, signs and symptoms, the role of midwife in emergency management, the importance of teamwork;
Content and organizational of postnatal care: physiological changes during the postnatal period, needs of care, care of women’s psychological health, the role of midwife;
Physical health problems and complications in the puerperium: postpartum complications and early identification of the pathological event, the care of woman with sign and symptoms of life- threatening conditions and those with obvious risks for increased postpartum physical morbidity;
Multiple pregnancy: incidence of multiple pregnancy, determination of zygosity and chorionicity, antenatal care, management of the birth;
Rhythmic variations of labour: recognize altered patterns of uterine action and understand how these patterns may contribute to a prolonged or precipitate labour, the use of partogram, the role of midwife in the prevention, care and management of altered patterns of uterine action;
Low obstetric risk: Guidelines for the definition and organization of independent care by midwives for low-risk obstetric pregnancies;
Fetal intrauterine death: psycho-physical care by the midwife, management of childbirth and labor, induction to labor;
Obstetric-gynecological triage: the role of the midwife in triage, national guidelines on intra-hospital triage, triage methodology, assignment of numerical codes in the obstetric-gynecological field, clinical cases;
Sexual violence: definitions, guidelines, sexual violence during pregnancy, the role of midwife in the communication, treatment and management of women victims of sexual violence;
Labor and Water birth: pain, non-pharmacological analgesia techniques, guidelines for the management of water birth, guidelines and factors of inclusion and exclusion.
The characteristics of labour: the different stages of labour, physiology of labour
Midwifery care during the first stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, care settings, midwife role
Midwifery care during the second stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, labour and delivery phenomena, midwife role
Midwifery care during the third stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, management, midwife role
Midwifery care in the management of perineal traumas: spontaneous lacerations, episiotomy, sutures
Classification and interpretation of a cardiotocographic monitoring: characteristics of a CTG, definition of patterns, classification according to the main international Guidelines
Setting and preparation of surgical instruments for spontaneous vaginal delivery

Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari – Ragni. Ginecologia e ostetricia. SEU. 2017
-Spandrio, Regalia, Bestetti. Fisiologia della nascita. Dai prodromi al post-partum.
-Ragusa, Crescini; Urgenze ed Emergenze in Sala Parto; Piccin; 2016
-Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

Local breastfeeding situation. How breastfeeding works.
Specific cases: low-birth-weight and sick babies, maternal diseases.
Breast: expressing breastmilk increasing breastmilk and relactation.
Women's nutrition, health and fertility. Women and work.
Primal health, UNICEF Baby friendly Initiatives and the marketing of breast-milk substitutes.
Counselling practice: listening and learning, building confidence and giving support, taking a breastfeeding history, sustaining breastfeeding.

-“Salute primale e allattamento”. Manuale aggiornato e basato sul modello formativo del corso 40 ore OMS-UNICEF
-Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

Why breastfeeding is important. Positioning a baby at the breast. Observing and assessing a breastfeed.
Specific cases: refusal to breastfeed, "Not enough milk", crying.
Breast: breast characteristics and problems.
Induction of labour (IOL): relevant topics, elements that influence the success and failure of IOL, induction failure, indications for IOL, methods for IOL, maternal-fetal surveillance during IOL.

“Salute primale e allattamento”. Manuale aggiornato e basato sul modello formativo del corso 40 ore OMS-UNICEF.
Didactic material (lessons in pdf, etc.) delivered by the Professor.
Mayes' Midwifery; Editors: Sue Macdonald, Gail Johnson; Elsevier.

Physiology of breastfeeding and lactation
Management of complex clinical cases in breastfeeding
Development of the human microbiome, epigenetics and neurodevelopment
Active fatherhood and the promotion of the early child development
Prevention of male violence against women and children
Nurturing care: from theory to practice
Transcultural midwifery care in breastfeeding
Midwifery care in humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters

The handouts will be provided by the teacher (presentations, bibliography)

Carcinogenesis pathophysiology
Epidemiology, Etiology, diagnosis, and staging of gynecological cancer
Papillomavirus
Cancer prevention and Pap-Test
Ovarian cancer
Breast cancer
Endometrial cancer
Cervix cancer
BRCA1 and BRCA2 and genetic counselling

“LINEE GUIDA AIOM “ 2019
“MEDICINA ONCOLOGICA” Gianni Bonadonna , Gioacchino Robustelli Della Cuna , Pinuccia Valagussa

Congenital malformations (head, neck, thorax, abdomen, genital and urinary tract); malformations and obstructions of the upper airways; esophageal atresia; bowel obstruction baby girl; newborn abdominal masses; acute scrotum.

Elementi di Chirurgia Pediatrica, Ferdinando Cataliotti, published by Piccin
Pediatric surgery,

General principles of endocrinology
Anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system
Regulation of hormone secretion and negative feedback
Pituitary disorders (pituitary adenomas, hyperprolactinemia, pathologies of GH secretion, hints of pathologies of pubertal development,
Hypopituitarism, hypogonadism, postpartum pituitary apoplexy, diabetes insipidus)
Thyroid disorders (thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, thyroid nodules, thyroid tumors)
Adrenal disorders (Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, endocrine hypertension)
Disorders of calcium-phosphoric metabolism and osteoporosis
Hyperandrogenisms and polycystic ovary syndrome
Diabetes Mellitus: classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and medical treatment.
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

-Endocrinologia - Per i corsi di Laurea delle professioni sanitarie di Monaco - Santarelli, Società Editrice Universo, 2013

Anatomy of the female and male reproductive system
Human reproductive physiology: The menstrual cycle, the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, ovarian steroid-genesis. Spermatogenesis. Epidemiology of infertility
Endocrine disorders in infertile woman: primary and secondary amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pituitary and ovarian hormone profile
Gynecological causes of female infertility, endometriosis, classification of congenital uterine malformations. Genetic causes of male and female infertility
Instrumental diagnosis: ultrasound, monitoring of ovulation, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy
Therapeutic approaches in infertile couple. Use of food supplements and hormones. The different assisted reproduction techniques both homologous and heterologous
Italian legislation on ART

Physiological modification during pregnancy
Laboratory tests and TORCH test
Complications of post-partum and puerperium
Post partum haemorrhage
Perineal injuries
Uterus rupture
Manual removal of placenta
Sepsis and shock

Prenatal diagnosis: prenatal counselling, non-invasive methods and invasive methods.
Screening tests, meaning and role
Foetal sampling techniques
Foetal welfare assessment: Plasma and urinary indicators; Ultrasound in different times of pregnancy; The behavioural and biophysical profile; Antepartum cardiotocography
Infections during pregnancy
Intrauterine growth retardation
Third trimester bleeding
Foetal erythroblastosis
The pathology of the trophoblast: benign and malignant
The gynaecological and obstetric emergency room

G. Bolis: Manuale di Ginecologia e Ostetricia – II Edizione 2017 – EdiSES, Napoli
-Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari, Ragni. Ginecologia e Ostetricia. SEU. 2017

Anatomy of the female and male reproductive system
Human reproductive physiology: The menstrual cycle, the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, ovarian steroid-genesis. Spermatogenesis. Epidemiology of infertility
Endocrine disorders in infertile woman: primary and secondary amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pituitary and ovarian hormone profile
Gynecological causes of female infertility, endometriosis, classification of congenital uterine malformations. Genetic causes of male and female infertility
Instrumental diagnosis: ultrasound, monitoring of ovulation, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy
Therapeutic approaches in infertile couple. Use of food supplements and hormones. The different assisted reproduction techniques both homologous and heterologous
Italian legislation on ART

Material indicated by the Professor

Prenatal diagnosis: prenatal counselling, non-invasive methods and invasive methods.
Screening tests, meaning and role
Foetal sampling techniques
Foetal welfare assessment: Plasma and urinary indicators; Ultrasound in different times of pregnancy; The behavioural and biophysical profile; Antepartum cardiotocography
Infections during pregnancy
Intrauterine growth retardation
Third trimester bleeding
Foetal erythroblastosis
The pathology of the trophoblast: benign and malignant
The gynaecological and obstetric emergency room

-Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari, Ragni. Ginecologia e Ostetricia. SEU. 2017
-Didactic material delivered by the Professor

Prenatal care for the mother and baby. Congenital and connatal infections. The newborn in the delivery room: assistance and routine. Hospitalization with the mother: rooming in and breastfeeding. The postnatal course and discharge. Baby care at home. Neonatal growth. Practical neonatal pathology (jaundice, hypoglycemia, neonatal growth, the low-weight infant, the child of a diabetic mother). The premature newborn and the main pathologies. Notes on complementary nutrition. Vaccinations. Maternal immunization. The sleep of the newborn. Main pediatric diseases (bronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease). Newborn Screenings.

• Fisiologia della nascita. R. Spandrio, A. Regalia, G. Bestetti. Carocci Faber editore
• Klaus - Fanaroff' s. Cure del Neonato ad Alto Rischio. Editore Delfino 2020
• https://www.iss.it/
• https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/home.html
• https://www.sin-neonatologia.it/
• https://sip.it/

Anatomy and function of the pelvic floor
Pelvic floor disorders: urinary incontinence, prolapse, sexual dysfunction
Prevention and treatment of cystitis
Breathing techniques for prevention and treatment of some perineovaginal disorders
Pelvic floor exercises

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

Genomic Imprinting
Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, pattern of inheritance
Multifactorial inheritance: polimorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies
Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine
Genetic tests and Counselling. Prenatal and postnatal testing
Diagnosis of genetic diseases: some examples
Epigenetics and nutrigenetics. Outlines

Lectures in pdf format will be provided to students.
Recommended books:
“Genetica in Medicina”, by Nussbaum, McInnes, Willard. Edises
“Genetica Medica Essenziale” by Dallapiccola, Novelli. Ciceditore

Historical and epistemological foundations of psychology
Developmental psychology in the life cycle/Evolutionary psychopathology
Psychopathology and cognitive-behavioral clinical psychology
Integrated psychophysiology of human behavior
Applied neuropsychology
Genetics, neuropsychopharmacology and clinical psychiatry
Social and communication psychology
Psychology of rehabilitation and psychosocial interventions

Blaney P. et al::Oxford Textbook in Clinical Psychology
Lingua: Inglese, 2014

Benign and malignant pathology in gynaecology:
-Non-neoplastic and vulvo-vaginal neoplastic pathology
-The uterine cervix: benign pathology, non-neoplastic changes
-The uterine cervix: pre-neoplastic pathology and malignant neoplastic pathology
-The endometrium: dysfunctional and non-neoplastic pathology of the endometrium
-The endometrium: proliferative pathology. Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
-The ovary: neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathology
-Pathological cases in pregnancy: ectopic pregnancy and gestational tumors
-Breast pathology

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

Drug Therapy During Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding
Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients
Drug Therapy in Geriatric Patients
Local Anesthetics
General Anesthetics
Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics, Opioid Antagonists, and Nonopioid Centrally Acting Analgesics
Pain Management in Patients with Cancer
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Drugs for Hypertension
Drugs for Heart Failure
Drugs for Angina Pectoris
Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Prophylaxis of Coronary Heart Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
Drugs for Deficiency Anemias
Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Book of pharmacology chosen by the student
Didactic material delivered by the Professors

General aspects on Infectious Diseases
Infection and infectious disease
The chain of transmission
The body's defenses against infectious diseases
Diagnostic procedure and guiding concepts of therapy, types of isolation
Globalization and infectious diseases
The Infectious syndromes (epidemiology, etiology, clinical, diagnostic and diagnostic and therapeutic aspects)
• Sepsis and endocarditis
-SIRS, sepsis, septic shock
• Acute respiratory syndrome
• Acute neurological syndrome
        -Meningitis and infectious encephalitis
• Diarrheal syndrome
• Acute jaundice syndrome
• Febrile exanthematous syndromes
• Feverish syndromes returning from the tropics
HIV infection / AIDS
Viral hepatitis

WHO-EU. Infections and infectious diseases A manual for nurses and midwives in the WHO EuropeanRegion. WHO 2001, available for free at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/102316/e79822.pdf
Scientific papers published by international journals on the topics covered will be made available.

Obstetric emergencies: obstetric-gynaecological interventions; changes in the course of labour, arrest of labour and uterus rupture; malpositions and malpresentations; cord prolapse; shoulder dystocia; disseminated intravascular coagulation.

-Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari, Ragni. Ginecologia e ostetricia. 2017

Preparation of environment and patient to surgical procedures
Use of anesthetics. Management of preanesthesia phase
Intra and post-surgical phase
Management of central and peripheral venous lines and surgical drainages
Management of surgical wounds and post-surgical pain
Monitoring in Intensive Care Unit
Organ failure. Physiopathology and treatment
Mechanical Ventilation
Extracorporeal removal techniques
The patient in shock
Stupor and coma

-Guida al monitoraggio in area critica. GD Giusti. Maggioli Editore

Surgical Basic Principles: Shock
Preoperative Surgery: Principles of Preoperative and Operative Surgery, Surgical Infections and choice of antibiotics, Minimally invasive surgery
Trauma and Critical care: Management of acute trauma
Head and Neck: Thyroid, Parathyroid
Breast: Diseases of the breast, breast tumors
Endocrine Surgery: Endocrine pancreas, Adrenal glands, MEN
Esophagus: Hiatal Hernia and GERD, Esophageal motility Disorders, Esophageal neoplasms
Abdomen: Hernias, Stomach, Small Intestine, Acute Intestinal Hemorrhages, Acute Abdomen, Appendix, Colon and Rectum, Anus, The Liver, Biliary Tract, Exocrine pancreas, Spleen
The Chest: Lung, Lung neoplasms
Gynecology Surgery
Vascular Surgery
Pediatric surgery

SABISTON TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY The biological basis of moern surgical practice. Elsevier Saunders. 20TH EDITION
The Washington Manual of Surgery 2016. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

- Epidemiology in action: the main research tools for professional practice
- The research cycle
- Main types of study useful for professional practice
- Cross-sectional studies
- Data collection: tools and methods
- How to build a questionnaire
- The quality of the data
- Data analysis: use of spreadsheets and Epi Info software
- Interpretation of the collected data
- How to integrate the different methods: quantitative research, qualitative research, mixed methods.
- How to translate research results into practice
- Communicate the results

The handouts will be provided by the teacher (presentations, bibliography)

• Major obstetric hemorrhage: main causes, differential diagnosis, midwifery care and team working.
• Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: definition, signs and symptoms, midwifery care and team working
• Shoulder dystocia: definition and types, dystocia signs, main care pathway to solve shoulder dystocia in different contexts
• Cord prolapse: definition, signs and symptoms, midwifery care in different contexts
• Communication during emergencies

Polit DF, Beck CT. Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [not mandatory]
Materials will be provided by the Professors

• Research in the midwifery and maternal-infant fields: an introduction
• Principles of Evidence Based Midwifery
• The pyramid of evidence and the main types of studies
• Different approaches to science and research strategies
• The research question and the PICO model: how to build and use it
• How to organise a literature research on PubMed
• Reading scientific papers
• Evaluating the quality of scientific papers: some tools
• Reading a guideline

Polit DF, Beck CT. Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [not mandatory]
Materials will be provided by the Professors.

General Scientific English Glossary is the lexical path for getting the course aims, with a focus on Gynaecology and Obtetrics topics.
Students are requested to comment and share videos and documents describing different settings, having practice with different scientific idioms and Grammar issues (General Grammar
review)‘English At Work ‘ study is also important to deal with the ordinary needs in scientific routines (Basic Business English).
‘Hospital activities’ and ‘ Midwifery duties’ are the core part of the Course.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

“English on duty” ( M.J.Teriaca, Scienza Medica Ed.)
“English for Nurses and Healthcare Providers” ( A.Destrebecq, Ambrosiana Ed.)
“Oxford English for careers ,Student book” (T.Grice, J.Greenan, O.U.P.)
“Oxford English Grammar Course” (M.Swann, O.U.P.)
“Advanced Grammar in use” (M.Hewings, Cambridge)

Physiopathology of implantation and early pregnancy
Miscarriage: aetiology, clinical forms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Ectopic pregnancy: aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia): aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Diabetes in pregnancy: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Abruptio placenta and placenta previa: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Preterm labour: Aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
HIV, COVID-19, HAV, HBV, HCV, ZIKV infections in pregnancy
Major puerperal disorders
Disorders in amniotic fluid volume

Obstetric interventions
Rhythmic variations of labour, obstructed labour and uterine rupture
Malpositions and malpresentations
Prolapse of the umbilical cord
Shoulder dystocia
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

-Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari, Ragni. Ginecologia e ostetricia. 2017
-Didactic material delivered by the Professors

Physiopathology of implantation and early pregnancy
Miscarriage: aetiology, clinical forms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Ectopic pregnancy: aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia): aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Diabetes in pregnancy: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Abruptio placenta and placenta previa: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Preterm labour: Aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
HIV, COVID-19, HAV, HBV, HCV, ZIKV infections in pregnancy
Major puerperal disorders
Disorders in amniotic fluid volume

Operative vaginal birth: application of the obstetric suction cup and forceps
CTG in labour and discussion of clinical cases
Perineal trauma: treatment of perineal lacerations (with practical suturing approach)
Placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Surgical times of CT and obstetric-gynaecologist interventions
Practice in the operating room: compression sutures, the surgical times of C-section, Cesarean hysterectomy and the main surgical interventions

-Pescetto, De Cecco, Pecorari, Ragni. Ginecologia e ostetricia. 2017
-Ragusa, Crescini; Urgenze ed Emergenze in Sala Parto; Piccin; October 2016

Principles of endocrinology: definition of endocrinology, hormone synthesis and secretion, feedback mechanisms regulating hormone synthesis and secretion, hormone transport, hormone receptors, hormone actions.
Pathophysiology of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland: pituitary tumours, prolactinomas, acromegaly and gigantism, diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism.
Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and thyroid disorders: thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer.
Pathophysiology of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and disorders of the parathyroid glands: hypocalcaemia, hypercalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism. Osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases.
Pathophysiology of the endocrine pancreas, type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemia.
Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: adrenocortical hypofunction and adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease), adrenocortical hyperfunction, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma (chromaffin cell tumour of the adrenal medulla).
Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis: hypogonadism, menstrual disorders and amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome, female infertility.
Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis: hypogonadism, cryptorchid-ism, male infertility.
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidaemias.

Didactic material delivered by the Professors

-Human Nutrition: Macronutrients; Micronutients; Basal Metabolism and Caloric Intakes; The Food Categories; Vitamins and Minerals; The Food Pyramid
-Nutritional needs and guidelines during Pregnancy
-Nutritional needs and guidelines during Lactation
-Nutritional aspects of Maternal and Child Health in Global Health: Maternal and Child mortality; Most common nutritional causes; The impact of nutrition on child development

Materials delivered by the Professor

Markets, preferences, utility, demand, and supply
Pareto-efficiency and market failures: asymmetric information, externalities, moral hazard and adverse selection
Agency
Relationships between economic growth and health
Welfare systems
Demand and supply of healthcare
The economic analysis of healthcare
Cost effectiveness, cost utility and cost benefit analyses

Wondeling, Gruen, Black. Introduction to health economics. Understanding Public Health. 1st edition.
Additional materials ( Power point slides) will be provided alongside classes.

Health concept
General epidemiology of infectious disease. Sources of infection, mode of transmission
Factors favouring the spread of infections
Ways to onset of infections in the population
Preventive Medicine
The objectives and the methods of the prevention
Prevention of infections: discovery and inactivation of infection sources, interruption of transmission chains; increase of resistance to infections
General principles of prevention of not infectious diseases
Tertiary, secondary, primary prevention
Prevention of blood transmissible infections
Prevention of infections during pregnancy
Hospital infections
Hygiene of environment

Igiene per le professioni sanitarie. Author: Ricciardi Walter. Editor: Sorbona. Edition: 2014
Comodo N., Maciocco G., Igiene e Sanità Pubblica. Carocci Ed.

An Overview of Health Care Management
Leadership
Management and Motivation
Organizational Behaviour and Management Thinking
Strategic Planning
Healthcare Marketing
Quality Improvement Basics
Information Technology
Financing Health Care and Health Insurance
Managing Costs and Revenues
Managing Health Care Professionals
The Strategic Management of Human Resources
Teamwork
Addressing Health Disparities: Cultural Proficiency
Ethics and Law
Fraud and Abuse
Special Topics and Emerging Issues in Health Care Management
Health Care Management Case Studies and Guidelines

Readings provided by the teacher as well as all the material used during the lessons.