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90322 -
Mathematics, physics and information technology
(objectives)
Integrated course aims to provide students with the basic notions of physics, statistics and computer science, the purpose of which is the logic of statistical thinking and its application in real practice. The exposition of the topics will be oriented to concrete problems of analysis and research, starting from schematic examples and then confronting with real situations taken from the medical literature.
The purpose of the integrated teaching of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences (Medical Physics, Medical Statistics and Computer Science) is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity, the principles of information technology and the principles of physics, applied to their professional profile. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed.
At the end of the course, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using suitable mathematical tools, they will know the scientific basis of medical procedures and the operating principles of the equipment commonly used for
diagnostics and therapy, as well as providing the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the field of technical and health professions
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Medical physics
(objectives)
Integrated course aims to provide students with the basic notions of physics, statistics and computer science, the purpose of which is the logic of statistical thinking and its application in real practice. The exposition of the topics will be oriented to concrete problems of analysis and research, starting from schematic examples and then confronting with real situations taken from the medical literature.
The purpose of the integrated teaching of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences (Medical Physics, Medical Statistics and Computer Science) is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity, the principles of information technology and the principles of physics, applied to their professional profile. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed.
At the end of the course, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using suitable mathematical tools, they will know the scientific basis of medical procedures and the operating principles of the equipment commonly used for
diagnostics and therapy, as well as providing the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the field of technical and health professions
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Guerrisi MariaGiovanna
( syllabus)
Mechanics
Chapter 1: Introduction, measurement, estimation
1.4: measurement and uncertainty; Significant figures
1.5: units, standards and SI units
1.6: Conversion of units
1.8: Dimensions and dimensional analysis
Chapter 2: Description of motion: kinematics in one dimension
2.1: Reference and displacement systems
2.2: average speed
2.3: instant speed
2.4: acceleration
2.5: constant speed movement
Chapter 3: kinematics in two dimensions; Vectors
3.1: Vectors and scalars
3.2: Sum of vectors - Graphical methods
3.3: Subtracting vectors and multiplying a vector with a scalar
3.4: Sum of vectors by components
Chapter 4: Dynamics: Newton's laws of motion
4.1: Force
4.2: Newton's first law of motion
4.3: Mass
4.4: Newton's second law of motion
4.5: Newton's third law of motion
4.6: Weight: the force of gravity; and normal Force
4.7: Problem solving with Newton's laws: free body diagrams
4.8: Problems involving friction, inclinations
4.9: Troubleshooting: a general approach
Chapter 5: Circular motion; Gravitation
5.1: Kinematics of uniform circular motion
5.2: Dynamics of uniform circular motion
5.6: Newton's law of universal gravitation
Chapter 6: work and energy
6.1: Work done by a Constant Force
6.3: Kinetic energy and principle of the energy of work
6.4: Potential energy
6.5: Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces
6.6: Mechanical energy and its conservation
6.7: Troubleshooting using mechanical energy conservation
6.8: Other forms of energy: energy transformations and the law of conservation of energy
6.10: Power
Chapter 7: Linear moment
7.1: Moment and its relation to force
7.2: Preservation of the moment
7.8: Center of mass (CM)
7.10: Center of mass and translational movement
Chapter 9: Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and fracture
9.1: The conditions for equilibrium
9.2: Solving Statics Problems
9.3: Applications on muscles and joints
9.4: stability and balance
9.5: Elasticity; Stress and tension
9.6: Fracture
Thermodynamics
Chapter 13: Theory of temperature and kinetics
13.1: Atomic theory of matter
13.2: temperature and thermometers
13.3: Thermal equilibrium and Zeroth's law of thermodynamics
13.4: Thermal expansion
13.6: The laws of gas and absolute temperature
13.7: The ideal gas law
13.8: Solving problems with the ideal gas law
Chapter 14: Heat
14.1 Heat as energy transfer
14.2 Internal energy
14.3: specific heat
14.4: Calorimetry
14.5: Latent heat
14.6: Heat transfer: conduction
14.7: Heat transfer: convection
14.8: Heat transfer: radiation
Chapter 15: The laws of thermodynamics
15.1: The first law of thermodynamics
15.2: thermodynamic processes and the first law
Fluids
Chapter 10: Fluids
10.1: Phases of Matter
10.2: Density and specific gravity
10.3: Pressure in fluids
10.4: Pressure relative to atmospheric pressure
10.5: Pascal's principle
10.6: Pressure measurement; Calipers and barometer
10.7: Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle
Vibrations and waves
Chapter 11: Vibrations and waves
11.7: Wave motion
11.8: Types of waves: transverse and longitudinal
11.9: Energy carried by waves
11.10: Intensity relative to amplitude and frequency
Chapter 12: Sound
12-1 Sound characteristics
12-2 Sound intensity: decibels
12-7 Doppler effect
Electricity and magnetism
Chapter 16: Electric charge and electric field
16.1: static electricity; Electric charge and its conservation
16.2: Electric charge in the atom
16.3: insulators and conductors
16.4: Induced charge; the electroscope
16.5: Coulomb's law
16.6: Solving problems concerning Coulomb's law and vectors
16.7: The electric field
16.8: Field lines
16.9: electric fields and conductors
Chapter 17: Electric potential
17.1: Electric potential energy and potential differences
17.2: Relationship between electric potential and electric field
17.3: Equipotential lines
17.4: The Electronvolt, a unit of energy
17.5: Electric potential due to point charges
17.7: Capacity
17.8: Dielectrics
17.9: electrical energy storage
Chapter 18: Electric currents
18.1: The electric battery
18.2: Electric current
18.3: Ohm's law: resistance and resistors
18.4: resistivity
18.5: electricity
Chapter 19: DC circuits
19.1: EMF and terminal voltage
19.2: Resistors in series and in parallel
19.3: Kirchhoff rules
19.4: EMF in series and in parallel; Charging a battery
19.5: Circuits containing capacitors in series and in parallel
19.6: RC-Resistor and capacitor in series circuits
Chapter 20: Magnetism
20.1: Magnets and magnetic fields
20.2: Electric current produces magnetic fields
20.3: Force on an electric current in a magnetic field: definition of B.
20.4: Force on an electric charge moving in a magnetic field
20.5: magnetic field due to a long and straight cable
20.8: Ampere's Law
Chapter 21: Electromagnetic induction and Faraday's law
21.1: EMF induced
21.2: Faraday's law of induction; Lenz's law
21.3: EMF induced in a moving conductor
21.4: The change in magnetic flux produces an electric field
Chapter 22: Electromagnetic Waves
22.1: the change in electric fields produces magnetic fields; Maxwell's equations
22.2: Production of electromagnetic waves
22.3: Light as an electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic spectrum
22.5: Energy in EM waves
Chapter 24: The Wave Nature of Light
24.4: Visible spectrum and dispersion
Chapter 25: Optical instruments
25-11: X-rays and X-ray diffraction
25-12: X-ray imaging and tomography.
( reference books)
Douglas C. Giancoli "PHYSICS: Principles with applications" Third edition or later, Ambrosiana Publishing House.
The textbooks shown are for reference only. Students are allowed to adopt the book (s) of their choice. Additional material will be provided by the teacher.
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3
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FIS/07
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30
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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Medical statistics
(objectives)
Integrated course aims to provide students with the basic notions of physics, statistics and computer science, the purpose of which is the logic of statistical thinking and its application in real practice. The exposition of the topics will be oriented to concrete problems of analysis and research, starting from schematic examples and then confronting with real situations taken from the medical literature.
The purpose of the integrated teaching of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences (Medical Physics, Medical Statistics and Computer Science) is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity, the principles of information technology and the principles of physics, applied to their professional profile. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed.
At the end of the course, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using suitable mathematical tools, they will know the scientific basis of medical procedures and the operating principles of the equipment commonly used for
diagnostics and therapy, as well as providing the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the field of technical and health professions
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Pletschette Michel
( syllabus)
The first part of the medical statistics module will introduce the logic of statistics and experimental design.
The concepts of probability calculus and combinatorics will be introduced or recalled which, although in theory already in the possession of the student, are fundamental and will be used later in the course. In this phase we will deal with the main probability distributions including the binomial distribution, the Poisson distribution and the standard Normal and Normal distributions, but even more than the single mathematical process we will want to transfer to the student the
profound motivation for the existence of medical statistics as a science and its application, as well as the risks of its incorrect understanding.
In the second part of the module, descriptive statistics and its methodology will be addressed.
It will be shown how to recognize the type of data and how to summarize them in appropriate indexes.
The student will learn how to calculate the measures of position (mean, median, mode), variability (variance, standard deviation), the coefficient of variation (CV), percentiles and their use. Extensive use will also be made of practical examples to define good descriptive statistics and poor or misleading statistics.
In the third part of the course, the general principles of statistical inference will be treated.
The concepts of sampling distribution, type I and II error, power of a test will be introduced
and operating curve.
The following will therefore be treated:
parametric tests - Student's t test, ANOVA at 1 and 2 classification criteria. non-parametric tests: - Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, median test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test. The basic concepts of regression and analysis of time dependent variables will also be provided with a mention of Kaplann Meyer functions, log rank and Cox regression.
In the final part, the various topics of diagnostic correctness of laboratory tests will be treated such as specificity, sensitivity, predictive value etc. In addition, the meaning of the ROC curve and the methods of verifying the reliability of a test will be discussed (figure by Bland-ALtmann)
( reference books)
1) Notes of the lessons
2) Stanton A. Glantz: Statistics for Bio-medical disciplines - ed. McGraw-Hill
3) Sidney Siegel, N. John Castellan Jr.: - Non-parametric statistics - ed. McGraw-Hill
4) Resources and links from the Internet with particular reference to the use of the PubMEd portal.
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3
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MED/01
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30
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-
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-
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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Information technology
(objectives)
Integrated course aims to provide students with the basic notions of physics, statistics and computer science, the purpose of which is the logic of statistical thinking and its application in real practice. The exposition of the topics will be oriented to concrete problems of analysis and research, starting from schematic examples and then confronting with real situations taken from the medical literature.
The purpose of the integrated teaching of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences (Medical Physics, Medical Statistics and Computer Science) is to provide students with the knowledge on the foundations of applied physics necessary for the performance of their future activity, the principles of information technology and the principles of physics, applied to their professional profile. In particular, the understanding of the physical principles underlying medical physics and the functioning of medical instrumentation will be addressed.
At the end of the course, students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the scientific method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measurement of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe the physical phenomena of complex systems using suitable mathematical tools, they will know the scientific basis of medical procedures and the operating principles of the equipment commonly used for
diagnostics and therapy, as well as providing the student with the skills necessary to understand the key role that Information Technology (IT) plays for today's society and, in particular, in the field of technical and health professions
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Montanari Paolo
( syllabus)
Introduction to IT systems.
The hardware of IT systems (CPU, memory, Input / Output)
IT systems software: system software (operating system and utility programs), application software (word processing, spreadsheets, databases, etc.)
( reference books)
Deborah Morley and Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow (16th edition) - Cengage Learning
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2
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INF/01
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20
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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90323 -
Histology, biology, anatomy and genetics
(objectives)
The Histology module aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student must be able to acquire a correct terminology and develop skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate in Biomedical Laboratory Techniques, will have to use in the planning and management of work activities.
The Biology module aims at providing the students with the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on both the descriptive aspects and the basic notions of biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as a basic unit of living organisms.
The objective of the course is the learning of the constructive logic of the biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the principles that govern the functioning of the different biological systems, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
Students will learn the unitary mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and genetic material transmission.
The Anatomy module provides the student with the anatomical knowledge from a basic macroscopic point of view to understand the general organization of the human body.
The teaching objectives are the acquisition of the morphological knowledge and the topographic organization of the single systems, organs and apparatuses in order to acquire the basic notions for the subsequent integrated courses.
The aim of the course of Medical Genetics is to provide to students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases.
At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases. The student will acquire knowledge of the main methods of analysis useful for the diagnosis of these pathologies.
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Histology
(objectives)
The Histology module aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student must be able to acquire a correct terminology and develop skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate in Biomedical Laboratory Techniques, will have to use in the planning and management of work activities.
The Biology module aims at providing the students with the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on both the descriptive aspects and the basic notions of biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as a basic unit of living organisms.
The objective of the course is the learning of the constructive logic of the biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the principles that govern the functioning of the different biological systems, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
Students will learn the unitary mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and genetic material transmission.
The Anatomy module provides the student with the anatomical knowledge from a basic macroscopic point of view to understand the general organization of the human body.
The teaching objectives are the acquisition of the morphological knowledge and the topographic organization of the single systems, organs and apparatuses in order to acquire the basic notions for the subsequent integrated courses
The aim of the course of Medical Genetics is to provide to students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases.
At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases. The student will acquire knowledge of the main methods of analysis useful for the diagnosis of these pathologies.
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Massimiani Micol
( syllabus)
- PREPARATION OF TISSUES FOR HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. Microscopy, preservation of biological structures, stainings.
- EPITHELIAL TISSUE. General characteristics of epithelia, junctions, polarity of epithelial cells, surface specializations, basal lamina, classification of epithelia, endothelium, absorbent epithelium, pseudostratified epithelium, transitional epithelium, epidermis, glandular epithelia (exocrine and endocrine glands).
- CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Histological organization: extracellular matrix (macromolecules of the ground substance, collagen and elastic fibers) and connective cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and mast cells). The different types of connective proper: loose and dense (irregular and regular). The white and brown adipose tissue. Supportive connective tissues: cartilage (cells and extracellular matrix, hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage, growth and repair) and bone (cells and extracellular matrix, compact and spongy bone, osteogenesis, growth and repair). Blood: plasma and serum, cells (red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes), platelets, hematopoiesis. Outline of the lymphatic system.
- MUSCLE TISSUE. Skeletal muscle: organization of muscle fibers, myofibrils and myofilaments, sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, neuromuscular junction, contraction mechanism, regeneration. Cardiac muscle: structure of cardiomyocytes (intercalated discs, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofilaments), Purkinje fibers, regeneration. Smooth muscle: structure of smooth muscle cells, contractile apparatus, regeneration.
- NERVOUS TISSUE. The neuron. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves. Synapses. Glial cells.
( reference books)
- William Bloom, Don W. Fawcett, “Elementi di istologia”, II edizione a cura di V. Cimini, CIC Edizioni Internazionali.
- Adamo, Bernardini, Filippini, “Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia“, Edizione 2019, Editore Piccin.
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2
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BIO/17
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20
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-
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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Human anatomy
(objectives)
The Anatomy module provides the student with the anatomical knowledge from a basic macroscopic point of view to understand the general organization of the human body.
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Izzo Paolo
( syllabus)
• Introduction
• General (General Anatomy).
• Locomotor apparatus (general information on osteology, arthrology, myology).
• Cardiovascular system(morphology and structure of the heart and large vessels).
• Lymphatic circulatory system and lymphoid organs(morphology and structure: general, pulmonary circulation, main lymphatic trunks).
• Respiratory system (morphology and structure: upper airways, lungs, pleurae, mediastinum).
• Digestive system(morphology, structure: pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver and biliary tract, pancreas).
• Urinary system(morphology and structure: kidney and urinary tract).
• Male and female genital apparatus (morphology and structure: testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, prostate, ovary, uterine tube, uterus and vagina).
• Nervous system (brief notes on the sensory and motor pathways, spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon and telencephalon).
( reference books)
Martini et al. Anatomia Umana, VII edizione - Edises
Seeley et al. Anatomia, II edizione - Idelson-Gnocchi
Montagnani et al. Anatomia Umana Normale - Idelson-Gnocchi
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2
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BIO/16
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20
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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General and cellular biology
(objectives)
The Biology module aims at providing the students with the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on both the descriptive aspects and the basic notions of biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as a basic unit of living organisms.
The objective of the course is the learning of the constructive logic of the biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the principles that govern the functioning of the different biological systems, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
Students will learn the unitary mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and genetic material transmission.
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LUCCHETTI SABRINA
( syllabus)
• Characteristic of living cells: Cellular theory. Classification principles of living organisms.
• Cell Chemistry: Macromolecules: structure, shape and function
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell models: classification and major structural differences.
• Plasma membrane: properties and functions.
• Internal organization of the cell: Cellular compartments. Cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, ribosomes, smooth and rought endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes.
• The cytoskeleton. Microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments. Cilia and flagella. Centrioles and centrosomes.
• Energy conversion: Glycolysis, fermentation, cellular respiration, photosynthesis. (outline). Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, structure and function.
• Nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin and chromosomes. Molecular basis of hereditary information. DNA replication. DNA repair and its correlations with human pathologies..
• RNA, structure and function: Main types of cellular RNAs and differences with respect to DNA in terms of molecular size, stability and biological functions. Transcription and RNA maturation.
• Genetic Code and its properties. Protein synthesis: How cells read the genome. Main post-translational modifications of the polypeptide chains.
• Post-synthetic fate of proteins, endomembranes and membrane traffic: Endocytosis and exocytosis.
• Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
( reference books)
Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Hacker. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica Zanichelli editore, V ed.
Raven,Johnson, Mason, Losos, Singer. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica Piccin editore II ed.
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2
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BIO/13
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20
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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Medical genetics
(objectives)
The Histology module aims to provide student with the skills necessary for the full understanding of the most important tissues of the human organism. The student must be able to acquire a correct terminology and develop skills of interpretation and application that, the graduate in Biomedical Laboratory Techniques, will have to use in the planning and management of work activities.
The Biology module aims at providing the students with the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on both the descriptive aspects and the basic notions of biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as a basic unit of living organisms.
The objective of the course is the learning of the constructive logic of the biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the principles that govern the functioning of the different biological systems, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
Students will learn the unitary mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and genetic material transmission.
The Anatomy module provides the student with the anatomical knowledge from a basic macroscopic point of view to understand the general organization of the human body.
The teaching objectives are the acquisition of the morphological knowledge and the topographic organization of the single systems, organs and apparatuses in order to acquire the basic notions for the subsequent integrated courses
The aim of the course of Medical Genetics is to provide to students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases.
At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases. The student will acquire knowledge of the main methods of analysis useful for the diagnosis of these pathologies.
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Ciccacci Cinzia
( syllabus)
• Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms: gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, dominance, recessivity, codominance, mutation, polymorphism.
• Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid and dihybrid Crosses, Segregation in Human Pedigrees, Blood groups Genetics
• Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance
• Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
• Chromosomes: Structure and Analysis, Chromosomes Pathologies
• Genomic Imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation
• Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, pattern of inheritance
• Multifactorial inheritance: polimorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies
• Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine
• Genetic tests and Counselling. Outlines
( reference books)
Nussbaum, McInnes, Willard “Genetica in Medicina”, Edises
Dallapiccola, Novelli. “Genetica Medica Essenziale” Cic editore
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2
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MED/03
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20
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-
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-
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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90324 -
Biochemistry, physiology and microbiology
(objectives)
The aim of the integrated teaching of BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge relating to the structure of the macromolecules necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms and their transformation processes. Put the student in a position to understand the basics of cellular metabolism and the variations induced by exercise. The course also intends to provide the student with the fundamental knowledge relating to the basic concepts of chemistry, the structure of macromolecules underlying the metabolic processes necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. To enable the student to understand the basics of cellular metabolism. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis in the context of changes in the environment will also be analyzed. Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the interactions between microorganism and host, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial etiology are essential objectives. The course aims to provide the student with some essential methods used in biochemical practice and the theoretical principles on which these methodologies and their field of application are based.
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Physiology
(objectives)
The course aims to provide the student with some essential methods used in biochemical practice and the theoretical principles on which these methodologies and their field of application are based.
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Ficili Sabina
( syllabus)
Cellular Physiology of the Nervous System.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. The voltage-gated ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The potential for action. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. The electrical and chemical synapses. Synaptic potentials. The neuromuscular synapse. Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: the spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and brain stem. Nuclei of the base and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic system and hypothalamus. Autonomous nervous system I.
Physiology of the cardiovascular system.
l heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. Outline of electrocardiography. Cardiac output. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to blood flow, pressure, volume and viscosity. The capillaries and microcirculation. The venous return. Control of blood circulation. Lymphatic circulation.
Respiratory System Physiology.
Organization of the respiratory system. Pulmonary ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolus-capillary gas exchanges. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids. Lung ventilation and perfusion. Breathing regulation. Acid-base physiology. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.
Physiology Digestive system: digestive system anatomy. Pancreatic secretion. Hepatic secretion. Liver function. Entero-hepatic circulation. Intestinal secretion. Absorption. Lipid digestion, carbohydrate digestion. Excretion.
Urinary system physiology: Kidney functions: maintaining the homeostasis of body fluids through the regulation of pH, osmolarity, volume and pressure of the circulating blood. Endocrine-like functions (erythropoietin, vitamin D, angiotensin II).
Functional anatomy of the kidney: cortical, medulla, their relationships and intrarenal blood circulation. The nephron as a functional unit, types of nephrons, cell types of the tubular epithelium, the dense macula and the juxta-glomerular apparatus, capillaries, arterioles and their functional relationships with the glomeruli and tubular structures.
The fundamental processes of renal function: Glomerular ultrafiltration: glomerulus and Bowmann's capsule. Starling forces and Glomerular Filtration Rate (VFG). Renal self-regulation of GFR and Renal Blood (or plasma) Flow (FER or FPR). Urine concentration. Homeostatic adjustments. Regulation of osmolarity, blood volume and pressure: volume and pressure receptors along the circulatory shaft and nerve transmission pathways. Osmolarity receptors. Compensation of the hyper and hypo-osmolarity of the blood, of the hyper and hypo-volemia
( reference books)
Fundamentals of human physiology-. Lauralee Sherwood. - Piccin
Berne & Levy Fisiologia”. Koeppen and Stanton. Editore: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Fisiologia Medica”. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Edra.
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2
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BIO/09
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20
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-
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-
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-
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Basic compulsory activities
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ITA |
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Biochemistry
(objectives)
The aim of the integrated teaching of BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge relating to the structure of the macromolecules necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms and their transformation processes. Put the student in a position to understand the basics of cellular metabolism and the variations induced by exercise. The Course also intends to provide the student with the fundamental knowledge relating to the basic concepts of chemistry, the structure of macromolecules underlying the metabolic processes necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. To enable the student to understand the basics of cellular metabolism. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis in the context of changes in the environment will also be analyzed. Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the interactions between microorganism and host, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial etiology are essential objectives.
The course aims to provide the student with some essential methods used in biochemical practice and the theoretical principles on which these methodologies and their field of application are based.
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Nicolai Eleonora
( syllabus)
Elements of chemistry: Atoms and molecules, Chemical reactions, Ionic balance in solution, Water.
Elements of organic chemistry: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids, proteins, Food digestion. Amino acids: general structure and classification. Proteins: structure and function. Structural levels. Protein folding. Fibrous proteins: structure of alpha-keratin, collagen and silk fibroin. Globular proteins: structure and function of myoglobin and hemoglobin; the heme group; saturation curve; regulation of the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Enzymes: general characteristics; activation energy and reaction rate; general concepts on enzymatic kinetics. Regulatory mechanisms: competitive and non-competitive inhibitors; allosteric enzymes and enzymes regulated by covalent modifications. Catalytic strategies. Catalysis of serine-proteases. The blood coagulation cascade as an example to clarify determinants of specificity, the role of cofactors and the formation of macromolecular complexes.
INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM: general organization. Catabolism and anabolism. Bioenergetics. Energetically relevant molecules. Use of energy within the cell. Examples of regulation of metabolic processes.
Glucose as a fuel for energy production. Hormonal control of glucose metabolism. Glycolysis - phases and regulation. The pentose phosphate pathway and its biochemical importance. Degradation of glycogen - glycogen phosphorylase and its hormonal control. Gluconeogenesis and other biosynthetic pathways of carbohydrates.
Lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Anaerobic metabolism. Pyruvate oxidation mechanism - the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
The citric acid cycle - Functions, energy balance and cycle regulation. Oxidative Phosphorylation - The mitochondrion as the cell's powerhouse. The machinery for transporting electrons: structure and function of complexes I, II, III and IV. The electrochemical potential in the transport of electrons. Use of oxygen. ATP synthase: structure and mechanism of action. Stoichiometry of electron transport, proton transport, oxygen consumption and ATP production.
Brief introduction to mitochondrial dysfunction: mitochondria as generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS, oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition.
Activation of lipolysis and transport of free fatty acids. Activation and transport of free fatty acids in mitochondria. The catabolism of lipids - β-oxidation. Ketogenesis.
Synthesis of fatty acids - Regulation of the metabolism of fatty acids.
Cholesterol metabolism.
Transamination and transdeamination of amino acids. The urea cycle.
Bioenergetics and regulation of energy metabolism - energy metabolism disorders.
( reference books)
“Chimica e Biochimica”. Massimo Stefani, Niccolò Taddei; Zanichelli editore
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Lazzarino Giacomo
( syllabus)
Elements of chemistry: Atoms and molecules, Chemical reactions, Ionic balance in solution, Water.
Elements of organic chemistry: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids, proteins, Food digestion. Amino acids: general structure and classification. Proteins: structure and function. Structural levels. Protein folding. Fibrous proteins: structure of alpha-keratin, collagen and silk fibroin. Globular proteins: structure and function of myoglobin and hemoglobin; the heme group; saturation curve; regulation of the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Enzymes: general characteristics; activation energy and reaction rate; general concepts on enzymatic kinetics. Regulatory mechanisms: competitive and non-competitive inhibitors; allosteric enzymes and enzymes regulated by covalent modifications. Catalytic strategies. Catalysis of serine-proteases. The blood coagulation cascade as an example to clarify determinants of specificity, the role of cofactors and the formation of macromolecular complexes.
INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM: general organization. Catabolism and anabolism. Bioenergetics. Energetically relevant molecules. Use of energy within the cell. Examples of regulation of metabolic processes.
Glucose as a fuel for energy production. Hormonal control of glucose metabolism. Glycolysis - phases and regulation. The pentose phosphate pathway and its biochemical importance. Degradation of glycogen - glycogen phosphorylase and its hormonal control. Gluconeogenesis and other biosynthetic pathways of carbohydrates.
Lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Anaerobic metabolism. Pyruvate oxidation mechanism - the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
The citric acid cycle - Functions, energy balance and cycle regulation. Oxidative Phosphorylation - The mitochondrion as the cell's powerhouse. The machinery for transporting electrons: structure and function of complexes I, II, III and IV. The electrochemical potential in the transport of electrons. Use of oxygen. ATP synthase: structure and mechanism of action. Stoichiometry of electron transport, proton transport, oxygen consumption and ATP production.
Brief introduction to mitochondrial dysfunction: mitochondria as generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS, oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition.
Activation of lipolysis and transport of free fatty acids. Activation and transport of free fatty acids in mitochondria. The catabolism of lipids - β-oxidation. Ketogenesis.
Synthesis of fatty acids - Regulation of the metabolism of fatty acids.
Cholesterol metabolism.
Transamination and transdeamination of amino acids. The urea cycle.
Bioenergetics and regulation of energy metabolism - energy metabolism disorders.
( reference books)
“Chimica e Biochimica”. Massimo Stefani, Niccolò Taddei; Zanichelli editore
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4
|
BIO/10
|
40
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Basic compulsory activities
|
ITA |
|
-
Applied biochemistry
(objectives)
The aim of the integrated teaching of BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge relating to the structure of the macromolecules necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms and their transformation processes. Put the student in a position to understand the basics of cellular metabolism and the variations induced by exercise. The Course also intends to provide the student with the fundamental knowledge relating to the basic concepts of chemistry, the structure of macromolecules underlying the metabolic processes necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. To enable the student to understand the basics of cellular metabolism. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis in the context of changes in the environment will also be analyzed. Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the interactions between microorganism and host, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial etiology are essential objectives.
The course aims to provide the student with some essential methods used in biochemical practice and the theoretical principles on which these methodologies and their field of application are based.
-
Montagna Costanza
( syllabus)
Solutions
Concentration, molarity, molality, molar ratio, dilution, stoichiometry.
Immunochemistry.
General aspects of the immune system, production of antibodies, immunochemical assays, Elisa, immunohistochemistry.
Electrophoretic techniques
General principles, supports used in electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), SDS-PAGE, Western blot.
Molecular biology techniques
General aspects of the genetic, mutations and clinical significance, PCR, sequencing, principle of genomic and NGS sequencing.
( reference books)
”Biochimica Applicata”, Monica Stoppini, Vittorio Bellotti; Editore. EdiSES.
”Biochemistry”, Terry A. Brown; Scion Publishing.
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1
|
BIO/12
|
10
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Basic compulsory activities
|
ITA |
|
-
Microbiology
(objectives)
The aim of the integrated teaching of BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge relating to the structure of the macromolecules necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms and their transformation processes. Put the student in a position to understand the basics of cellular metabolism and the variations induced by exercise. The module also intends to provide the student with the fundamental knowledge relating to the basic concepts of chemistry, the structure of macromolecules underlying the metabolic processes necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. To enable the student to understand the basics of cellular metabolism. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis in the context of changes in the environment will also be analyzed. Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the interactions between microorganism and host, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial etiology are essential objectives.
The course aims to provide the student with some essential methods used in biochemical practice and the theoretical principles on which these methodologies and their field of application are based.
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Armenia Daniele
( syllabus)
Basic principles of microbiology Morphology and structure of the bacterial cell Bacterial spore structure and sporulation process Gram stain and stain for acid resistance Metabolism, growth and bacterial replication Sterilization, disinfection, asepsis Structure, replication and pathogenic mechanisms of fungi Morphology of viral particles Cell tropism and host spectrum Viral enzymes Virus classification Stages of viral replication Basic concepts of the immune response The host's natural immune response Acquired humoral immune response Cell-mediated acquired immune response Immune responses against infectious agents Mechanisms of action of Interferon Vaccines and passive immunoprophylaxis Bacterial pathogenesis mechanisms Demonstration of the causal nature between pathogen and disease: Koch's postulates Normal microbial flora of our organism Host-microorganism interactions: Commensalism-Mutualism - Parasitism Factors that influence the "host-microorganism" balance Method of transmission of the infection Stages of the infectious process Bacterial virulence factors Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and interaction with the host: Transmission mode Stages of the infectious process Localized and disseminated infection Persistence and latency status Viral oncogenesis Cytopathic effect induced by viruses Alteration of expression of genes and / or cellular proteins.
( reference books)
“Le basi della Microbiologia”. Richard Harvey, Pamela C. Champe, Richard D. Fisher; Zanichelli editore.
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2
|
MED/07
|
20
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Core compulsory activities
|
ITA |
|
-
Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
(objectives)
The aim of the integrated teaching of BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge relating to the structure of the macromolecules necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms and their transformation processes. Put the student in a position to understand the basics of cellular metabolism and the variations induced by exercise. The module also intends to provide the student with the fundamental knowledge relating to the basic concepts of chemistry, the structure of macromolecules underlying the metabolic processes necessary for the functioning and regulation of living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. To enable the student to understand the basics of cellular metabolism. The cellular mechanisms and integrated functions of the main organs and systems aimed at maintaining body homeostasis in the context of changes in the environment will also be analyzed. Knowledge of the structure of the various microorganisms, of the microbial pathogenicity, of the interactions between microorganism and host, of the causes and mechanisms of onset of the main diseases with microbial etiology are essential objectives. The course aims to provide the student with some essential methods used in biochemical practice and the theoretical principles on which these methodologies and their field of application are based.
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Casalino Paolo
( syllabus)
Organization of a laboratory Knowledge of the main laboratory instruments Types of test tubes (with and without anticoagulant) used in analytical investigations CBC and basic concepts of blood tests The various stages of an analytical process
( reference books)
The student will be provided with educational material
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1
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MED/46
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10
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-
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-
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-
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Core compulsory activities
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ITA |
