Degree Course: Midwifery Syllabus for A.Y. 2020/2021

Amino acids. Protein. Generalities and functions. The peptide bond and the primary sequence, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Myoglobin, hemoglobin. Notes on Collagen.
Enzymes. Role and mechanism of action of enzymes. Enzymatic regulation. Covalent regulation and allosteric regulation. Isoenzymes (LDH, CPK).
Vitamins. Classification of structure and functions, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins, Vitamin D and calcium and phosphorous metabolism.
Metabolism General concepts. Catabolic and anabolic pathways. Bioenergetics principles. ATP: biological structure and role.
Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides, disaccharides. Reserve polysaccharides. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the diet. Glycolysis: stages and regulation. Krebs cycle: general concepts, regulation. Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain, outline. Energy balance of carbohydrate catabolism. Outlines on the pentose cycle and on gluconeogenesis. Glycogen metabolism.
Metabolism of amino acids. Catabolism of diet proteins and digestive enzymes. Essential and non- essential amino acids. Amino acids as precursors of nitrogen compounds. Aminoacid catabolism: transamination and deamination, destiny of the carbon skeleton. Biosynthesis of urea.
Structure and metabolism of lipids. Classification of lipids (cell lipids and reserve lipids, simple and complex lipids). Fatty acids: general structure and main fatty acids. Structure and function of triglycerides and phospholipids. Cholesterol. Digestion and absorption of lipids; plasma lipoproteins:
structure and function. Lipolysis and degradation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of fatty acids. Essential fatty acids.
Hormones. General definition, mechanism of action of various types of hormones (adrenaline, insulin and glucagon, estrogen, β-HCG).

David L Nelson Michael M Cox "Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry".

Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms: gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, dominance, recessivity, codominance, mutation, polymorphism.
Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid and dihybrid Crosses, Segregation in Human Pedigrees, Blood groups Genetics
Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal inheritance,Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance
Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees
Chromosomes: Structure and Analysis, Chromosomes Pathologies
Genomic Imprinting
X-chromosome inactivation
Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, pattern of inheritance
Multifactorial inheritance: polimorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies
Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine
Genetic tests and Counselling. Outlines

Lectures in pdf format will be provided to students.
Recommended books:
“Genetica in Medicina”, by Nussbaum, McInnes, Willard. Edises
“Genetica Medica Essenziale” by Dallapiccola, Novelli. Ciceditore

APPLIED PHYSICS
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES: Operational concept of physical quantity. Fundamental and derivative quantities. Scalar and vector quantities. Systems of measurement units. Measurement of physical quantities. Systematic errors and accidental errors. Sensitivity, precision of a measuring instrument.
MOVEMENT: Velocity and acceleration as scalar quantities. Velocity and acceleration as vectors.
THE FORCES: The concept of strength and the principle of inertia. The concept of mass is the second principle of dynamics. The weight force is the acceleration of gravity. The third principle of dynamics. Static balance of a material point. Balancing of a system of forces. Friction. Rigid bodies and centre of gravity. Moment of a force with respect to a point. Balance of a rigid body. Definition and equilibrium condition of a lever. Various types of leverage. Levers in the human body.
WORK AND ENERGY: Work of a force. Work and kinetic energy. The concept of energy. Conservative forces (outline). Potential energy.
LIQUIDS: Definition and unit of measurement of pressure. Density and specific weight. Forces acting on a volume of fluid at rest. Stevino Law. Pressure gauges. Pascal's law.
THERMOMETRY and GAS: The concept of temperature. The centigrade temperature scale. Expansion thermometers. Clinical thermometer. Absolute temperature scale. The equation of state of perfect gases.
HEAT AND INTERNAL ENERGY: The concept of quantity of heat. Heat measurement unit. Thermal capacity of a body and specific heat of a substance. Expression of the amount of heat exchanged by a body. The internal energy of a system. The first principle of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic transformations. State changes. Metabolic power. Energy value of food. Temperature control
SOUND: wave phenomena. Elastic and electromagnetic waves. Nature of sound. Wavelength. Sound intensity. Technical applications and biological effects of ultrasound. Ultrasound in medical diagnostics.
THE ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA: The electric charge. Conductors and insulators. Electric field and intensity of the electric field. Coulomb law. Unit of measurement of electric charges. Dielectric constant. Electrical potential and potential difference. Electric capacitors. Electric current and current intensity. The direct current. Energy considerations on electrical circuits. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance and resistivity. Resistance in series and in parallel. Internal resistance of a generator. The thermal energy connected with the Joule effect. Power absorbed by a device. Electrical Safety
IONIZING RADIATION: Introduction to radiation. Radiation, radioactive decay, law of radioactive decay. Biological half-life. The most common decays and associated radiation. Interaction of radiation with matter and hints of dosimetry

Teacher notes
• Gian Marco Contessa- Giuseppe Augusto Marzo; Fisica applicata alle scienze mediche- Casa Editrice Ambrosiano
• Ezio Ragozzino, Elementi di Fisica per studenti di Scienze Biomediche –EdiSES - 2 ediz.
• Paul Davidovits: Fisica per le professioni sanitarie- UTET.

Characteristic of living cells: Cellular theory. Classification principles of living organisms.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell models: classification and major structural differences.
Cell Chemistry: Macromolecules: structure, shape and function
Plasma membrane: properties and functions.
Internal organization of the cell: Cellular compartments. Cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles,
ribosomes, smooth and rought endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes.
The cytoskeleton. Microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments. Cilia and flagella.
Centrioles and centrosomes.
Energy conversion: Glycolysis, fermentation, cellular respiration, photosynthesis. (outline).
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, structure and function.
Molecular basis of hereditary information: DNA replication. DNA repair and its correlation with
human diseases.
RNA, structure and function: Main types of cellular RNAs and differences with respect to DNA in
terms of molecular size, stability and biological functions. Transcription and RNA maturation.
Genetic Code and its properties. Protein synthesis: How cells read the genome.
Cellular Reproduction, Mitosis and Meiosis.

Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Hacker. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica Zanichelli editore, V ed.
Raven, Johnson, Mason, Losos, Singer. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica Piccin editore II ed

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY AND HOMEOSTASIS: Description of physiological mechanism. Structure-Function relationships of the body. Levels of organization in the body. Concept of Homeostasis. Homeostatic Control Systems.
CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PLASMA MEMBRANE: Membrane transport of ions and molecules. Membrane potential and action potentials. Synapses and neuronal integration. Intercellular communication and signal transduction. Neurotransmitters.
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY: Motor unit, neuromuscular junctions. Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle contraction and mechanics. Physiology of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Functional organization of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: afferent and efferent divisions. Role of glia cells. Autonomic nervous system. Integrative functions of nervous system.
CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY: Anatomy and electrical activity of the heart. Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac output and its control. General principles of hemodynamics. Blood vessels and blood pressure. Blood and hemostasis.
PHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: General principles of endocrinology. Principles of general functioning of hormones. Central and peripheral endocrine glands and their hormones. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis. Control of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Physiology of male and female reproductive system.
PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Respiratory anatomy and mechanic. Gas exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Control of respiration.
PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM: Elements of renal function: kidney and nephron. Glomerular filtration. Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Urinary tract. Ureter, bladder and urethra. Urine excretion and plasma clearance.
PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Digestive tract and accessory digestive organs. General aspects of digestion. Secretory function of digestive system. Motility of digestive tract. Nutrient digestion and absorption

Sherwood “Human Physiology”. Publisher: Cengage Learning, Inc.
Koeppen and Stanton “Berne & Levy Physiology”. Publisher: Elsevier.
Guyton and Hall “Textbook of Medical Physiology”. Publisher: Saunders.

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM.(11hs)Skeleton: skull, vertebralcolumn and mainbones of the trunk, superiorlimb, inferiorlimb, pectoral and girdle and pelvis. Joints structure and classification, movements. Joints: Temporo-mandibular joint, shoulder joint, intervertebral joints, sterno-clavicular joint, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, wrist and hand joints. Hip joint, joint of the knee, ankle.Muscolar system. Axial musculature: main muscles of the head and neck, tongue, muscle of the pharynx of vertebral column, diaphragm, muscles of the perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Appendicular musculature: muscle of the pectoral girdle and upper limb, muscles that move the harms, muscles that move the elbow, pronators ansupinators. Muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs: muscles that move the thigh and leg.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (6hs). Heart, thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta.The Willi’s polygon. Coronary circulation. Main arteries of superior and inferior limbs. Venous system. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and their main branches in the thorax and abdomen.Main veins of the superior and inferior limbs. Portal circulation. Foetal circulation. Generalities on the lymphatic system.
SPLANCHNOLOGY(11hs).Systemic and microscopy anatomy of digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine Systems.
NEUROANATOMY (14hs).Spinal cord: segmental and internal organization: gray matter, ascending and discending tracts. Spinals nerves, plexuses and reflex arcs. Brainstem (Medulla oblungata, Pons, Mesencephalon): internal and external structure. Cranial nerves: nuclei and innervation. Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus): internal and external structure. Thalamic nuclei. Telencephanlon: internal and external structure. Anatomical and functional organization of cerebral cortex.Allocortex. Basal Ganglia. Cerebellum: internal and external structure. Ventricular system. Meninges. Brain blood vessels and dural sinuses. Sensory system: spinothalamic, tacts, fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. Pain conduction. Visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactor and limbic system. Motor system: pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Motor nuclei. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Entericnervoussystem.

1. Fondamenti di Anatomia e Fisiologia IV edizione (2019)
2. Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch,:AnatomiaUmana
3. Tortora,: AnatomiaUmana,
Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM.(11hs)Skeleton: skull, vertebralcolumn and mainbones of the trunk, superiorlimb, inferiorlimb, pectoral and girdle and pelvis. Joints structure and classification, movements. Joints: Temporo-mandibular joint, shoulder joint, intervertebral joints, sterno-clavicular joint, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, wrist and hand joints. Hip joint, joint of the knee, ankle.Muscolar system. Axial musculature: main muscles of the head and neck, tongue, muscle of the pharynx of vertebral column, diaphragm, muscles of the perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Appendicular musculature: muscle of the pectoral girdle and upper limb, muscles that move the harms, muscles that move the elbow, pronators ansupinators. Muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs: muscles that move the thigh and leg.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (6hs). Heart, thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta.The Willi’s polygon. Coronary circulation. Main arteries of superior and inferior limbs. Venous system. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and their main branches in the thorax and abdomen.Main veins of the superior and inferior limbs. Portal circulation. Foetal circulation. Generalities on the lymphatic system.
SPLANCHNOLOGY(11hs).Systemic and microscopy anatomy of digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine Systems.
NEUROANATOMY (14hs).Spinal cord: segmental and internal organization: gray matter, ascending and discending tracts. Spinals nerves, plexuses and reflex arcs. Brainstem (Medulla oblungata, Pons, Mesencephalon): internal and external structure. Cranial nerves: nuclei and innervation. Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus): internal and external structure. Thalamic nuclei. Telencephanlon: internal and external structure. Anatomical and functional organization of cerebral cortex.Allocortex. Basal Ganglia. Cerebellum: internal and external structure. Ventricular system. Meninges. Brain blood vessels and dural sinuses. Sensory system: spinothalamic, tacts, fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. Pain conduction. Visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactor and limbic system. Motor system: pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. Motor nuclei. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Entericnervoussystem.

1. Fondamenti di Anatomia e Fisiologia IV edizione (2019)
2. Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch,:AnatomiaUmana
3. Tortora,: AnatomiaUmana,

Students are encouraged to use an Human Anatomy Atlas

Preparation of tissues for histological analysis
Microscopy, preservation of biological structures, stainings.

Epithelial tissues
Classification of epithelia, polarity of epithelial cells, junctions, absorbent epithelia, glandular epithelia.

Connective tissues
Connective tissue proper: extracellular matrix and connective cells. The different types of connective tissue proper. Adipose tissue. Blood and hematopoietic tissues. Supportive connective: cartilage and bone.

Muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle: structure of muscle fibers, contraction mechanism, diversity of muscle fibers. Cardiac muscle: structure of cardiomyocytes and myocardial conduction mechanism. The smooth muscle.

Nervous tissue
The neuron. Glial cells. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves.

William Bloom, Don W. Fawcett, “Elementi di istologia”, II edizione a cura diV. Cimini, CIC Edizioni Internazionali.

History of medicine: Prehistoric medicine, ancient Egypt, the classical world (Greece and Rome), the Middle Ages, the modern age, the contemporary age
History of obstetrics and gynaecology
History of childbirth assistance
Breastfeeding through the ages
History of the concept of sexuality
History of the concept of health and disease
Main historical and ethical aspects of the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients
Historical origins of bioethics
Birth and structuring of professional ethics
Books, objects, biological sources as tools of historical research applied to nursing

BERNABEO R.A. Arte della Medicina, Esculapio
- COSMACINI G. L'arte lunga. Storia della medicina dall'antichità a oggi, Laterza
- LIPPI D. Storia della medicina. Per il corso di laurea triennale per ostetrici, CLUEB
- SOURNIA J.C. Storia della medicina, Edizioni Dedalo-

Culture as a visible product of the Demo-Ethno-Anthropological context, the cultural mind, emotions and health, the biological role of culture, Culture in medicine, medical anthropology, anthropological elements of scientific medicine, health professions and cultural contexts of belonging, medical ethics and cultural context, examples and case studies, Basics of communication.

Consigliato
Donald Joralemon, Exploring Medical Anthropology, Pearson Education 2010
In alt.
J. Byron Good e S. Ferraresi, (2006), Narrare la malattia. Lo sguardo antropologico sul rapporto medico-paziente, Ed. Einaudi

Methods of diagnostics for images obstetrics: General criteria of diagnostic imaging. Diagnostics with ionizing radiation, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the fetus. Ultrasound diagnostics, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the foetus. Diagnostics with Magnetic Resonance, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the foetus. Normal radiological obstetric anatomy. Normal ultrasound obstetric anatomy. Normal obstetric anatomy in MRI. Radiological obstetric pathological anatomy. Ultrasound obstetric pathological anatomy. Obstetric pathological anatomy in magnetic resonance.
Methods of radiotherapy in obstetrics: General criteria of radiotherapy in obstetrics. Therapy with ionizing radiation and other radiotherapy sources, benefits, indications and contraindications for the mother and the foetus.

1. Elements of diagnostic imaging by Leonardo Capaccioli and Natale Villari | 25 Jul. 2014
2. Radiology and imaging diagnostics of Di Guglielmo, Lucio, Fabrizio Calliada, and al. | 30 sets.
2012
3. Diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. Ediz. Illustrated by Giorgio Cittadini, Giuseppe Cittadini, et al. | 30 Jun 2015
4. Callen. Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology by Mary E. Norton, Leslie M. Scoutt, et al. | 20 nov. 2017
5. A Practical Guide to Fetal Echocardiography: Normal and Abnormal Hearts of Abuhamad, Alfred, M.D. and Chaoui, Rabih, M.D. | 25 nov. 2015
6. First Trimester Ultrasound Diagnostics of Fetal Abnormalities of Abuhamad, Alfred, M.D. and Chaoui, Rabih, M.D. | Oct 25 2017
7. Ultrasonography in gynecology and obstetrics: 1 by Pastore and Cerri | 27 Jun 2012
8. Prenatal Age Medicine: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Congenital Defects and Major Gravidic Disorders by Antonio L. Borrelli, Domenico Arduini, and al. | 13 Dec. 2014
9. Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, by Copel MD, Joshua, D'Alton MD, Mary E., and al. | 15 sets. 2017
10. Mammography: Guide To Interpreting, Reporting And Auditing Mammographic Images - Re, Co.R.M. by Vincenzo Lattanzio and Giovanni Simonetti | Jan 13 2005
11. Elements of magnetic resonance by Mario Coriasco | 10 Jan 2014
12. Emergencies and urgencies in obstetrics and gynecology by Salvatore Felis, Maria Grazia Frigo, et al. | Oct 24 2018
13.Elements of oncologicalradiotherapy by Mario Balducci - Francesco Cellini - Patrizia Cornacchione - Rolando Maria D'Angelillo - Gian Carlo Mattiucci - Danilo Pasini | 5 May 2013
14.Radiotherapy techniques by Luigi Corti and Giuseppe Michelon
15.Elements of radiotherapy by Franco Milani | 31 Jul. 1998

Sociology; Beginning of sociology; Society; Groups; Social Sciences; Institutions; Social Methodology; Social changes; to understand and to observe; Social classes; personal problems and public “problems”; models of life; life as a theatre; inequalities; communication; culture; identity; mass culture; institutions; Role of the institutions.

Renato Mannheimer-Giorgio Pacifici
Europe. Sociologie di un plurale necessario. Jaca Book, 2019.

General psychology:
1. Neuroscience and behaviour: neurons, the nervous system and the endocrine system, the brain;
2. States of consciousness: sleep and dreams, hypnosis and meditation
3. Learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, cognitive-social approaches to learning
4. Memory: encoding, storage and retrieval of information, recall of long-term memories, oblivion
5. Thinking: categorization, thought formats, reasoning and problem solving
6. Motivation: explain the motivation and apply different perspectives to the motivation
7. Emotions: what are the emotions and the components of the emotional process
Developmental psychology:
1. Prenatal development: birth and newborn, growth before and after birth and what the newborn can do
2. Cognitive development: according to authors Jean Piaget, LevSemenovicVygotskij and Jerome Bruner
3. Moral development: Kohlberg
4. Affective development: Freud
5. Attachment: Winnicott and Bolbwy
Communication and prosociality:
1. Pragmatics of communication: theoretical assumptions
2. The axioms of communication
3. Pathological communication
4. Human interaction
5. Prosocial behaviors

• Psicologia Generale, capire la mente osservando il comportamento. N. Holt, A. Brenner, E. Sutherland, M. Vliek, M. Passer, R. smith. McGraw-Hill, 2007
• Slides given by the teacher

Introduction to the study of Pedagogy’s foundations. History of Pedagogy, teaching methods, theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.

Lectures’ slides and scientific articles.

Legislation, deontology and professional organization: international category associations; legislative evolution of the midwifery profession: professional profile, deontological code, law 42/99; Autonomy, responsibility, career opportunities; professional orders and National Federation of Midwives.
Introduction to the basic concepts of midwifery care: options for place of birth, introduction to pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and puerperium; primal health, breastfeeding and infant feeding.
Current strengths and critical points of the midwifery care.

-La disciplina ostetrica. Teoria, pratica e organizzazione della professione. AAVV. McGraw-Hill Education. 2011
-Ostetriche e Midwives. Spazi di autonomia e identità corporativa. E. Spina. Franco Angeli Edizione. 2009
-Mayes’ Midwifery. Macdonald, Johnson. Elsevier. 2017
-Primal Health: Understanding the Critical Period Between Conception and the First Birthday. M. Odent. Clairview
-Birth and Breastfeeding: Rediscovering the Needs of Women During Pregnancy and Childbirth. M. Odent. Clairview
-Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor
The Professor will deliver a study guide.

The profession of obstetrician: fundamental legislation
• Professional profile D.M. 740/94, Code of Conduct, Legislative evolution
• Autonomy, responsibility, and career opportunities
• Organization of the care service: organizational roles and responsibilities
• Healthcare technologies and facilities
• Managerial skills
• Planning and personnel organization

Materials will be provided by the teacher (presentations, bibliographical insights)

• Definition of health, disease and patient’s needs
• The nursing process applied to midwifery and the care plan
• Hygiene care
• Patient positioning and mobilization
• Fall prevention
• Principles of asepsis
• Hand washing
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Measurement of vital signs
• Health assessment
• Collection of laboratory samples: Collection of urine sample, Collection of stool sample, Capillary blood sampling, Venous sampling for routine and blood culture tests
• Management of drug therapy
• Oral drug administration
• Subcutaneous drug administration
• Intramuscular drug administration
• Intravenous drug administration

• Potter & Perry (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing (9th Ed.) St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.
• Slides

Introduction to the study of General Pathology
Definition of the state of health. The concept of homeostasis.
Definition of disease Aspects of the morbid process: etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prognosis.
Cellular pathology: cell damage and death
Mechanism of cellular damage: free radical damage, hypoxia damage. Altered intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Reversible cell damage. Irreversible cell damage..
Cell adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Degeneration. Cellular aging.
Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis
Inflammation
Definition and general characteristics. Acute inflammation or angiophlogosis. The vasculoematic phenomena of inflammation: hemodynamic modifications and exudate formation. Inflammatory mediators of tissue and plasma origin. Cellular response in inflammation: inflammation cells, chemotaxis and phagocytosis; histolesivity of inflammatory cell products. Outcomes of inflammation: chronicization, healing, abscess, fibrosis. Chronic inflammaton or histophlogosis. Causes of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation cells and mediators. Types of chronic inflammation.

Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale per corsi di laurea triennale G.M.Pontieri PICCIN; Patologia Generale e fisiopatologia, Celotti, Edises

The concept of disease: the disease as an alteration of the normal state; the disease as a modification of the organism's homeostasis; illness as a loss of health. Morbid state. Syndrome. Etiology: the concept of "cause" in pathology. Pathogenesis.
General etiology. Chemical causes (environmental pollutants). Physical causes (high and low temperatures, variations in atmospheric pressure). Feeding as a cause of illness.
The cellular response to damage. Reversibility and irreversibility of cellular lesions. Cellular adaptation processes to injury (atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia) and hypoxia.
Cell death. Necrosis, apoptosis and other types of cell death: morphological aspects, molecular mechanisms. Evaluation of cellular damage with serum-enzymatic techniques.
Inflammation and repair of injuries. Innate immunity and acute inflammatory reaction: tissue, vascular, cellular and molecular aspects, systemic manifestations (leukocytosis, acute phase response, fever). Chronic inflammation: role of macrophages and lymphocytes, polarized responses of type 1 and 2, granulomas. The healing of tissue lesions: tissue, cellular and molecular aspects. Fibrogenesis, fibrosis and pathological aspects of tissue repair.
General Oncology. The concept of neoplasia. Histogenetic and clinical classification criteria of benignity and malignancy. Tumor atypia. Cancer markers. Natural history of the tumor: dormant state, angiogenesis, infiltrative growth, metastasis. Metastatic pathways, metastasis organotropism. Chemical cause of tumors, experimental carcinogenesis, multi-phase carcinogenesis, concept of tumor progression. Physical cause of tumors: ionizing and exciting radiation, oncogenic DNA and RNA viruses. Cellular proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes. Regulation of normal and neoplastic proliferation. Genie that controls progression in the cell cycle and senescence. Genomic instability. Neoplastic cachexia. Epigenetic mechanisms altered in tumors. TNM classification.

Kumar, Abbas and Aster - Robbins and Cotran - Pathologic basis of disease. Elsevier. Pathology and General Physiopathology for the Degree courses in Health Professions (G.M. Pontieri, Piccin Edizioni).

1) Body defenses against pathogens. The first (mechanical/physical barriers), second (innate immunity) and third line (specific immunity, cellular and antibodies) of defence. T and B lymphocytes; antigens and antibodies. The immunodeficiency. The autoimmune diseases. The allergies. Coombs test and RH group. Erythroblastosis fetalis.

2) Molecular mechanisms of tumoral transformation: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The causes of cancer including chemicals and biological carcinogenesis; the phenotype of the transformed cell; tumor classification; epidemiology and prevention; the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression and metastatization. The relationship between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Inflammation and cancer. Nutrition and cancer.

3) Pathology of haemostasis and coagulation. The platelet, hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic phases. The main disorders of haemostasis and coagulation. The main defects of the plasma and fibrinolytic (hemophilia) phases.
Molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, formation of atheromatous plaque and related consequences; thrombosis; embolism; infarction; hypoxia and cyanosis; oedema. Mechanism of diabetes, classification and consequences.

To the students of this type of Study Program several texbooks are available:
- G.M. Pontieri: Elementi di Patologia Generale per i Corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie. Ed. Piccin;
- M. Parola. Patologia Generale ed Elementi di Fisiopatologia. Ed. EdiSES;
- S.R. Lakhani, S.A. Dilly, C.J. Finlayson, M.Gandhi, L. Calorini, Ma. Del Rosso. Le basi della Patologia Generale. CEA – Cara Editrice Ambrosiana. Zanichelli.
Other important tools for the individual preparation are represented, on the advice of the teacher, by the consultation of "Pubmed" database and/or of scientific papers, useful for an updated comprehension of the course.
Further specific bibliographic indications can be provided directly by the teacher during the course. Any additional materials will be made available by the teacher to supplement the recommended texts and uploaded on the dedicated website.

HEMATOLOGY AND HEMOSTASIS IN PREGNANCY
Composition and functions of blood. Blood count and leukocyte formula. Red blood cells: physiology and pathology (anemia, hemoglobinopathies); Platelets and leukocytes; Evaluation parameters of iron metabolism, ferritin, transferrin. Iron deficiency, vit B12 deficiency and folate deficiency. Blood groups, maternal-fetal incompatibility.
Hemostasis in pregnancy; evaluation of platelet function and of the fibrinolytic system; laboratory investigations for the definition of hypercoagulability states; diagnostic tests for poliabortivity.
FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOLOGY: general characteristics of the immune system (components, functions, alterations); Immunity and inflammation.
KIDNEY FUNCTION:
Markers of kidney function: creatinine, creatinine clearance, azotemia, uric acid, electrolytes, complete urine test (chemical-physical and morphological). Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of eclampsia.
LIVER FUNCTION
Transaminases, bilirubin and others, LDH; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy.
GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM
Indicators of glucose metabolism: glucose, glucose tolerance curves; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Cholesterol, HDL triglycerides, LDL, apolipoproteins.

G. Federici- Medicina di laboratorio – Mc Grow Hill 2014, IV edizione
G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale - Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie -Edizioni Piccin (4a Edizione, 2018).
Gronowski, Ann M. (Ed.): Handbook of Clinical Laboratory Testing During Pregnancy (testo in lingua inglese)
Joyce Le Fever Kee. Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing implications. (10 th Edition). PEARSON Editor
Slides will be provided.

Characteristics of the main infection agents. Vital associations: commensalism, mutualism, parasitism. Associated microbial flora. Generalities on infection diseases: infectious ratio, infection and disease, endogenous infection, exogenous infections, opportunistic infections.
IMMUNOLOGY - Concept of innate immunity and acquired immunity. Role of the immune response in different infections. Survival of infection agents to immunity mechanisms. Principles of microbiological diagnostics.
BATTERIOLOGY - The bacterial cell: structure and essential functions. Gram negative and Gram positive. The bacterial spore. Cultivation of bacteria: growth and development of bacterial populations. Elements of bacterial genetics: mutations and mechanisms of genetic recombination. Principles of pathogenicity and virulence. Bacterial toxins: exotoxins and endotoxins. Mode of action of the main antibacterial drugs. Resistance to chemotherapy and antibiotics. Main bacteria responsible for human infection diseases, with particular reference to diseases of obstetrical-gynecological and maternal-fetal district (gonorrhoea, syphilis, group B streptococci infection).
VIROLOGY -Nature, methods of study and classification of viruses. Composition and architecture of the viral particle. Cultivation of viruses. Virus-cell relationship: productive infection, transforming infection. Virus-to-host relationships: acute, persistent, latent, slow infections. Pathogenic mechanisms in viral infections. Vaccines and basis of antiviral chemotherapy. Infections with the main sexually transmitted and vertically transmitted viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2), rubella virus and Parvovirus B19.
MYCOLOGY -Habitat and morphology of fungi (yeasts, mycelial fungi). Fungal cell structure. Infections of the urogenital district by species of the genus Candida.
PARASITOLOGY - The protozoa cell: morphology and structure. Main characteristics of Helminths and Arthropods. Protozoa of gynaecological interest: Toxoplasma gondii; Trichomonas vaginalis.

Title: The basics of Microbiology
Authors: Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe Bruce D. Fisher

The concept of risk in childbirth, low-risk pregnancy and organization of care. Risk management and basic principles of pharmacovigilance. Health promotion, preconception health, health in pregnancy and post-partum. Education for parenthood. Laws and policies on maternity and paternity. Voluntary termination of pregnancy. Anonymous birth. Pregnancy loss, stillbirth, and the sudden infant death syndrome. Obstetric violence.

-Mayes’ Midwifery. Macdonald, Johnson. Elsevier. 2017
-La disciplina ostetrica. Teoria, pratica e organizzazione della professione. AAVV. McGraw-Hill Education. 2011
-Corso di preparazione al parto. P.Maghella. Ed. Red. 2005
-Primal Health: Understanding the Critical Period Between Conception and the First Birthday. M. Odent. Clairview
-Birth and Breastfeeding: Rediscovering the Needs of Women During Pregnancy and Childbirth. M. Odent. Clairview
-Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

The Professor will deliver a study guide.

• Etiology,diagnosis of vaginal and cervicalinfections;
• STI (sexuallytransmittedinfections) duringpregnancy;
• Papilloma virus;
• Cancer prevention and Pap test;
• Colposcopy;
• Hysteroscopy
• Obstetric counseling
• Invasive and non-invasive prenataldiagnosis
• Screening test
• Amniocentesis
• CVS
• Cordocentesis 

“INFERMIERISTICA IN AREA MATERNO-INFANTILE”MarchioniPublisher, The mcgraw-hill companies,
“LA DISCIPLINA OSTETRICA”GuanaPublisher, The mcgraw-hill companies,
“OSTETRICA”Authors: Costantini, Calistri, Pulisher:Piccin

Physiology of pregnancy: diagnosis, main physiological modifications, description and understanding of main clinical examination recommend to evaluate wellbeing and evolution of pregnancy.

Cardiotocography: basics for the interpretation of the cardiotografic trace.

Pregnancy care: care pathway specific for every trimester, following a midwifery approach.

The newborn: sign of wellbeing and alarm, first and following recommend care for a physiological newborn.

-Mayes’ Midwifery. Macdonald, Johnson. Elsevier. 2017
-La disciplina ostetrica. Teoria, pratica e organizzazione della professione. AAVV. McGraw-Hill Education. 2011
-Corso di preparazione al parto. P.Maghella. Ed. Red
-Primal Health: Understanding the Critical Period Between Conception and the First Birthday. M. Odent. Clairview
-Birth and Breastfeeding: Rediscovering the Needs of Women During Pregnancy and Childbirth. M. Odent. Clairview
Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

• Make an assessment (subjective and objective data) regarding the characteristics of the stool (fecaloma and any derivations).
• Macro and microscopic characteristics of urine and stool and their meaning.
• Identify the diagnostic tests related stool and urine and identify the technical procedures.
• Make an assessment (subjective and objective data) regarding the normal and altered characteristics of diuresis (anuria, oliguria, polyuria), urination (dysuria, nocturia, difficulty starting urination, stranguria) and urine (hematuria, bilirubinuria ,. .), to detect the presence of a bladder globe.
• Make an assessment (subjective and objective data) regarding the characteristics of the stool (fecaloma and any derivations).
• The theoretical principles that underlie the main interventions related to the urinary excretory function and the management of urinary retention, and urinary incontinence (from stress, stress, urgency, functional, reflex and regurgitation); Educational interventions to maintain the integrity of the function, for the prevention of urinary infections, assistance to the person with a bladder catheter, notes on the management of urostomies (peristomal skin hygiene and replacement of the collection bag), appropriate use of the aids for the incontinence management (diaper) and assistance to the person carrying diapers or condoms.
• Methods and scientific principles relating to extemporaneous and permanent bladder catheterization.
• The theoretical principles underlying interventions related to the faecal excretory function and the management of the risk of constipation and constipation, diarrhea and fecal incontinence. Educational interventions to maintain the integrity of the function and in the case of constipation or diarrhea (diet, fluids, intestinal gymnastics), notes on ostomy management; (hygiene of the peristomal skin and replacement of the collection bag).
• Methods and scientific principles relating to the enteroclisma (reasons for the execution, possible complications).
• Methods and scientific principles relating to the simple surgical wound dressing (possible complications of the surgical wound and indicators).
• Methods and scientific principles relating to the execution-management of a blood transfusion and blood products (responsibilities, reasons for execution, possible complications).

White L.,Duncan G.,Baumle W., Fondamenti di Infermieristica, Edises

GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY: Basic definitions: pharmacology, drug, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical pharmacology, toxicology, chemotherapy. Drug classification criteria: synthetic/semisynthetic; over the counter/prescription. Drug nomenclature: scientific name, generic name, brand name. New drug development: clinical trials and regulatory agencies (FDA and EMA). Pharmacodynamics: agonist and antagonist receptors. Dose-response curve. Pharmacodynamic parameters: potency, efficacy, affinity, EC50, ED50, TD50, LD50, therapeutic index. Different kinds of receptors: G-proteins coupled, tyrosine kinase, ion channels, intracellular receptors; second messengers. Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion processes. Routes of administration, enteral and parenteral. Plasma proteins binding. Tipe I and II metabolism, CYP enzymes. Routes of excretion. Bioavailability. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in pregnancy. Teratogenic drugs, mechanisms of teratogenesis; FDA risk categories in pregnancy. SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY: steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side effects. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side effects. Aspirin and Paracetamol. Opioid analgesics: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics. Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal concepts Endocrine Pharmacology: hypothalamic, pituitary, thyroid, sexual hormones. Different types of contraceptive pills.

Le basi della farmacologia - MA Clark et al., Zanichelli

1. Pneumonia and COVID-19
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
3. Acquired and congenital anemia
4. Type 1, Type 2 Diabetes milletus and gestational diabetes
5. Disorder of coagulation
6. Acute and Chronic Epatitis
7. Chirrosis
8. Acute (STEMI(NSTEMI) and Chronic coronary syndromes
9. Congestive Heart Failure
10. Acute and Chronic Kidney diseases
11. Acute cerebrobascular pathologies (TIA/Stroke)
12. Hypertension

Didactic and integrative material provided by the teacher

Public Health and Preventive Medicine definition and goals
Determinants of health; health promotion; health education; genetic and environmental factors of disease.

Introduction to epidemiology
Demography and bio-statistical principles and analysis of more important health indicators (e.g. birth rate, mortality rate, infant mortality, etc.); absolute and relative risk. Epidemiology of infectious disease, epidemiology of chronic disease.

Primary, secondary and tertiary Prevention
Definition, timing and tools

Natural history and spectrum of infectious disease
More important infectious disease and their spread (epidemic, pandemic and cluster); direct, indirect and specific prophylaxis; infectious risk: cause, transmission, preventive measure; chemical and physical cleaning, disinfection, sterilization.
Vaccine: indications, contraindications and preventive measure
Vaccine, history and perspectives; different type of immunity; different type of immunization; vaccine schedule.

Environment and health
Climate changes, micro-climate and water; prevention of biological risk; health protection and safety of health workers

Food Hygiene and food-borne outbreaks
Human nutrition; food education; food control; Hygiene and prevention in collective catering (HACCP system);

Principles of Public Health applied to the Hospital setting
Healthcare Associated Infections (HCAI) – definition, epidemiology and prevention; Sanitization, disinfection, sterilization and disinfestation; Waste management in the hospital; Prevention and quality system aimed to ensure patient safety in the hospital (Services based on international gold standards and regulations in healthcare – JCI accreditation).

Didactic material provided by the teacher.

Adolescence - Menstrual cycle – Menopause
Conception - Placentation
Contraception - Emergency contraception
Prevention of sexually transmitted infectious diseases
Physiological changes in pregnancy
Twin pregnancy – The delivery
Episiotomy - Episiorrhaphy - Laceration of the birth canal
Revision of uterine cavity – Caesarean Section
Puerperious - physiopathology

• G. Bolis: Manuale di Ginecologia e Ostetricia – II Edizione 2017 – EdiSES, Napoli
• Dewhurst’s Textboo of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7th ed. Edited by D. Keith Edmonds. EMSI Editore, Roma. Pag. 265-75, 2012.

Introduction to statistics
Reality observation: clinical observation and epidemiological observation
Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
Quantitative and qualitative variables
Absolute, relative and percentage frequency
Tables, diagrams and graphs
Statistical indices: measures of central tendency and dispersion
Central limit theorem
The normal curve (Gaussian) and its properties
Statistical inference: null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, the value of p, the statistical association
Association and causality
Hypothesis testing and introduction to statistical significance tests
Correlation

Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner
Biostatistica. Quello che avreste volute sapere
Seconda Edizione, 2105
Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI)

Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical therapy of:
• Acute and chronic inflammation: general and surgical characteristics
• Risk factors in surgery, post-operative complications, preparation for surgery
• Escara, Ulcer, sore and gangrene.
• Burns and frostbite
• Various types of shocks
• Wounds and their healing
• Tuberculosis, carbuncle, amoebiasis
• Lymphatic system: lymphedema, lymphangitis.
• Veins and arteries; varicose veins, thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis, embolisms, aneurysms, chronic obstructive arteriopathies, arteriovenous fistulas.
• Anal abscesses and fistulas: Anatomy, physiology, incontinence, prolapse, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, neoplasms.
• Peritoneum: acute abdomen, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, mechanical and paralytic ileus.
• Surgical oncology: epidemiology, etiology, prevention, oncology diagnostics and antineoplastic therapies.

itle: Surgery topics
Authors: Piat - Borghese - Del Gaudio - Tonelli - Vagnoni
Publisher: Ambrosiana Publishing House
ISBN: 9788808084392
Edition: II 2000

Title: Manual of Surgery
Authors: Pasquini Giorgio; Campa Rossella; D'Ambrosio Maurizio; Leonardo Giacomo
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN / EAN: 9788838636783
Edition: 1/2012

Planned caesarean section
Perineal techniques during the labour for reducing perineal trauma and management of the perineum after delivery
Female genital mutilation
The appropriate management of the umbilical cord
Hospital discharge of the term newborn

-NICE. Caesarean section. Clinical guideline. 2011
-SNLG. Taglio cesareo: una scelta appropriata e consapevole. 2014.
-Queensland Clinical Guidelines: Normal birth. 2018
-Aasheim V et al. Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Library. 2018.
-WHO. Delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes. 2014
-ABM Clinical Protocol #2. Guidelines for Hospital Discharge of the Breastfeeding Term Newborn and Mother: ‘‘The Going Home Protocol,’’ Revised 2014
-Mayes’ Midwifery. Macdonald, Johnson. Elsevier. 2017
-Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

The Professor will deliver a study guide.

1. The characteristics of labour:the different stages of labour, physiology of labour.
2. Midwifery care during the first stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, care settings, midwife role.
3. Midwifery care during the second stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, labour and delivery phenomena, midwife role.
4. Midwifery care during the third stage of labor: physiology, definition, characteristics, management, midwife role.
5. Midwifery care in the management of perineal traumas: spontaneous lacerations, episiotomy, sutures.
6. Classification and interpretation of a cardiotocographic monitoring: characteristics of a CTG, definition of patterns, classification according to the FIGO 2015 and NICE 2017 Guidelines.
7. Setting and preparation of surgical instruments for spontaneous vaginal delivery.

Mayes' Midwifery; Editors: Sue Macdonald, Gail Johnson; Elsevier.

• Complications related to the third stage of labour: postpartum haemorrhage, recognize risk factors, signs and symptoms, the role of midwife in emergency management, the importance of teamwork;
• Content and organizational of postnatal care: physiological changes during the postnatal period, needs of care, care of women’s psychological health, the role of midwife;
• Physical health problems and complications in the puerperium: postpartum complications and early identification of the pathological event, the care of woman with sign and symptoms of life- threatening conditions and those with obvious risks for increased postpartum physical morbidity;
• Multiple pregnancy: incidence of multiple pregnancy, determination of zygosity and chorionicity, antenatal care, management of the birth;
• Rhythmic variations of labour: recognize altered patterns of uterine action and understand how these patterns may contribute to a prolonged or precipitate labour, the use of partogram, the role of midwife in the prevention, care and management of altered patterns of uterine action;
• Low obstetric risk: Guidelines for the definition and organization of independent care by midwives for low-risk obstetric pregnancies;
• Fetal intrauterine death: psycho-physical care by the midwife, management of childbirth and labor, induction to labor;
• Obstetric-gynecological triage: the role of the midwife in triage, national guidelines on intra-hospital triage, triage methodology, assignment of numerical codes in the obstetric-gynecological field, clinical cases;
• Sexual violence: definitions, guidelines, sexual violence during pregnancy, the role of midwife in the communication, treatment and management of women victims of sexual violence;
• Labor and Water birth: pain, non-pharmacological analgesia techniques, guidelines for the management of water birth, guidelines and factors of inclusion and exclusion.

Additional
Preterm labour: identify the risk factors for preterm labour, recommended drugs for preter labour (tocolytics), implications of preterm labour and preterm birth for the baby and the family.
The psychoneuroendocrine system: the main hormones involved in birth, evaluation of the neuroendocrine system, application in care practice.
Thermoregulation: the mechanism of heat loss, knowledge of neutral thermal environment for the newborn, identification of signs and symptoms of cold stress, the role of the midwife.
Resuscitation of the newborn: the knowledge of the algorithm, the role of midwife.

Fisiologia della nascita; Roberta Spandrio, Anita Regalia, Giovanna Bestetti; Carocci Faber. Manuale dell’ostetrica i Myles; Ruth Bennett e Linda Brown; EDI-ERMES.
Urgenze ed emergenze in sala parto; Antonio Ragusa e Claudio Crescini; Piccin. Mayes' Midwifery; Editors: Sue Macdonald, Gail Johnson; Elsevier.

• Personalized care of the patient to achieve the desired patient outcome
• Safe and effective care of the patient undergoing analgesia/anaesthesia/sedation
• Selecting instruments and equipment appropriate for the surgery and assist the surgeon
• Performing ongoing patient assessment in every phases of the perioperative period, formulating nursing diagnosis and implementing evidence-based procedures
• Identify the liability of the midwife in the perioperative setting in accordance with the professional standards of practice and behavior
• Developing communication and interpersonal skills
• Enforcing policies that contribute to patient safety

• Heather Nixon, MD, Lisa Leffert, MD; Anesthesia for cesarean delivery; Aug 20H19
• Goodman, Cynthia Spry; Essentials of Perioperative Nursing; Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2016
• Ragusa, Crescini; Urgenze ed Emergenze in Sala Parto; Piccin;October 2016
• Nell Tharpe, Caity Byrne; The Midwife as Surgical First Assistant; 2015

Local breastfeeding situation. How breastfeeding works.
Specific cases: low-birth-weight and sick babies, maternal diseases.
Breast: expressing breastmilk increasing breastmilk and relactation.
Women's nutrition, health and fertility. Women and work.
Primal health, UNICEF Baby friendly Initiatives and the marketing of breast-milk substitutes.
Counselling practice: listening and learning, building confidence and giving support, taking a breastfeeding history, sustaining breastfeeding.

“Salute primale e allattamento”. Manuale aggiornato e basato sul modello formativo del corso 40 ore OMS-UNICEF
-Primal Health: Understanding the Critical Period Between Conception and the First Birthday. M. Odent. Clairview
-Birth and Breastfeeding: Rediscovering the Needs of Women During Pregnancy and Childbirth. M. Odent. Clairview
-Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

The Professor will deliver a study guide.

Why breastfeeding is important. Positioning a baby at the breast. Observing and assessing a breastfeed.
Specific cases: refusal to breastfeed, "Not enough milk", crying.
Breast: breast characteristics and problems.
Induction of labour (IOL): relevant topics, elements that influence the success and failure of IOL, induction failure, indications for IOL, methods for IOL, maternal-fetal surveillance during IOL.

“Salute primale e allattamento”. Manuale aggiornato e basato sul modello formativo del corso 40 ore OMS-UNICEF.
Didactic material (lessons in pdf, etc.) delivered by the Professor.
Mayes' Midwifery; Editors: Sue Macdonald, Gail Johnson; Elsevier.

Physiology of breastfeeding and lactation
Management of complex clinical cases in breastfeeding
Development of the human microbiome, epigenetics and neurodevelopment
Active fatherhood and the promotion of the early child development
Prevention of male violence against women and children
Nurturing care: from theory to practice
Transcultural midwifery care in breastfeeding
Midwifery care in humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters

The handouts will be provided by the teacher (presentations, bibliography)

Carcinogenesis pathophysiology
Epidemiology, Etiology, diagnosis, and staging of gynecological cancer
Papillomavirus
Cancer prevention and Pap-Test
Ovarian cancer
Breast cancer
Endometrial cancer
Cervix cancer
BRCA1 and BRCA2 and genetic counselling

“LINEE GUIDA AIOM “ 2019
“”MEDICINA ONCOLOGICA” Gianni Bonadonna , Gioacchino Robustelli Della Cuna , Pinuccia Valagussa

Congenital malformations (head, neck, thorax, abdomen, genital and urinary tract); malformations and obstructions of the upper airways; esophageal atresia; bowel obstruction baby girl; newborn abdominal masses; acute scrotum.

Elementi di Chirurgia Pediatrica, Ferdinando Cataliotti, published by Piccin Pediatric surgery,

The program includes the following topics:

• General principles
• Physiology and pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary- endocrine glandaxis.
• Physiology and pathophysiology of the endocrine pancreas.
• Diabetes Mellitus: classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and medical treatment.
• Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome.
• Female and male gonad and main diseases
• Physiology and pathophysiology of calcium-phosphorus metabolism of the parathyroid glands.
• Osteoporosis and endocrine diseases of the bone.
• Physiology of the thyroid gland and thyroid diseases (thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid neoplasia).

-Endocrinologia - Per i corsi di Laurea delle professioni sanitarie di Monaco - Santarelli, Società Editrice Universo, 2013
- Manuale di Endocrinologia, Francesco Lombardo - Andrea Lenzi, Edises, 2018

Anatomy of the female and male reproductive system
Human reproductive physiology: The menstrual cycle, the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, ovarian steroid-genesis. Spermatogenesis. Epidemiology of infertility
Endocrine disorders in infertile woman: primary and secondary amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pituitary and ovarian hormone profile
Gynecological causes of female infertility, endometriosis, classification of congenital uterine malformations. Genetic causes of male and female infertility
Instrumental diagnosis: ultrasound, monitoring of ovulation, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy
Therapeutic approaches in infertile couple. Use of food supplements and hormones. The different assisted reproduction techniques both homologous and heterologous
Italian legislation on ART

Linda j. Effner.Reproductive system at aglance 4th edition.Blackwell Publishers, 2014

Physiopathology of implantation and earlypregnancy.

Miscarriage: etiology, clinicalforms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.

Ectopicpregnancy: etiology, pathophysiology, clinicalpresentation, diagnosis,principles of treatment.

Hypertensivedisorders of pregnancy (pregnancy-inducedhypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia): etiology, pathogeneticmechnisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.

Diabetes in pregnancy: etiology, pathogeneticmechnisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.

Abruptio placenta and placenta previa: etiology, pathogeneticmechnisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Pretermlabor: Etiology, pathogeneticmechnisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.

• G. Bolis: Manuale di Ginecologia e Ostetricia – II Edizione 2017 – EdiSES, Napoli
• Dewhurst ‘s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7th ed. Edited by D. Keith Edmonds. EMSI Editore, Roma. Pag. 265-75, 2012.

Prenatal diagnosis: prenatal counseling, non invasive methods and invasive methods.
Screening tests, meaning and role
Fetal sampling techniques
Fetal welfare assessment:
• Plasma and urinary indicators
• Ultrasound in different times of pregnancy
• The behavioral and biophysical profile
• Antepartum cardiotocography
Infections during pregnancy
Intrauterine growth retardation
Third trimester bleeding
Fetal erythroblastosis
The pathology of the trophoblast: benign and malignant
The gynecological and obstetric emergency room

• G. Bolis: Manuale di Ginecologia e Ostetricia – II Edizione 2017 – EdiSES, Napoli
• Dewhurst’s Textboo of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7th ed. Edited by D. Keith Edmonds. EMSI Editore, Roma. Pag. 265-75, 2012.

Bronchiolitis – Cystic Fibrosis – Celiac Disease – Inflammatory Bowel Diseases – Contagious Exanthematous Diseases – Recurrent infections and Primary Immunodeficiencies – Asthma – Allergy Diseases and Anaphylaxis – Pneumonia – Vaccines – Maternal immunization – Approach to the newborn in health and diseases – Congenital infections

• Nelson Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics by Kliegman Robert M., Marcdante Karen; 8° edition; 2019
• The Washington Manual of Pediatrics, by Andrew J White - Lippincott Manual; February 11, 2016

Gynaecological and Obstetrics Emergencies management in theatre

• Heather Nixon, MD,LisaLeffert, MD;Anesthesia for cesarean delivery; Aug 2019
• Goodman, Cynthia Spry; Essentials of Perioperative Nursing; Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2016
• Ragusa, Crescini; Urgenze ed Emergenze in Sala Parto;Piccin;October 2016
• Nell Tharpe, Caity Byrne; The MidwifeasSurgical First Assistant; 2015

Anatomy and function of the pelvic floor
Pelvic floor disorders: urinary incontinence, prolapse, sexual dysfunction
Prevention and treatment of cystitis
Breathing techniques for prevention and treatment of some perineovaginal disorders
Pelvic floor exercises

Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

Genomic Imprinting
Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, pattern of inheritance
Multifactorial inheritance: polimorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies
Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine
Genetic tests and Counselling. Prenatal and postnatal testing
Diagnosis of genetic diseases: some examples
Epigenetics and nutrigenetics. Outlines

Lectures in pdf format will be provided to students.
Recommended books:
“Medical Genetics

4.1. Historical and epistemological foundations of psychology
4.2 Developmental psychology in the life cycle/Evolutionary psychopathology
4.3 Psychopathology and cognitive-behavioral clinical psychology
4.4 Integrated psychophysiology of human behavior
4.5 Applied neuropsychology
4.6 Genetics, neuropsychopharmacology and clinical psychiatry
4.6 Social and communication psychology
4.7 Psychology of rehabilitation and psychosocial interventions

Blaney P. et al::Oxford Textbook in Clinical Psychology Lingua: Inglese, 2014

• Importance of infectionsduringpregnancy
• Infections of the fetus: pathogenesis, efficiency of transmission of microorganism from mother to fetus, diagnosis of infection in the pregnant woman, diagnosis of infection in the newborninfant
• Obstetricfactorsassociated with infections in the fetus and newborninfant
• Bacterialinfections in pregnancy
• Viralinfections
• Protozoan and fungalinfections in pregnancy
• PROM and infections
• Neonatalsepsis
• Benefit and risks of human milk
• Clinicalpharmacology of anti-infectivedrugs in pregnancy
• Vaccinations in pregnancy

• Studymaterial (lessons in pdf ,articles, etc.) delivered by the teacher.
• Infezioni in gravidanza di Nicola Rizzo e Gianluigi Pilu2012

The module will consider the following topics:
1. Taking a history
2. Vital signs
3. Pain
4. Explaining diagnosis and management
5. Discussing treatment with patients
6. The hospital
7. Pre-operative patient assessment
8. Post-operative patient assessment
9. Patient discharge
10. Breathing problems
11. Communicating
12. Personal care
13. Elimination 
14. Eating and drinking
15. Mobility
16. Wound care
17. Sexuality and gynaecology

Students will also be given the chance to practise the language of both telephone conversations and oral presentations.

Rotatori, A. (2020). Parlare e comprendere l’inglese contemporaneo della medicina e infermieristica. EdiSES Università
Wells, J. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd edition). Longman
Further materials will be made available as handouts before lectures.

Drug Therapy During Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding
Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients
Drug Therapy in Geriatric Patients
Local Anesthetics
General Anesthetics
Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics, Opioid Antagonists, and Nonopioid Centrally Acting Analgesics
Pain Management in Patients with Cancer
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Drugs for Hypertension
Drugs for Heart Failure
Drugs for Angina Pectoris
Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Prophylaxis of Coronary Heart Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
Drugs for Deficiency Anemias
Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacology text books, professor’s notes.

General aspects on Infectious Diseases

Infection and infectious disease

The chain of transmission

The body's defenses against infectious diseases

Diagnostic procedure and guiding concepts of therapy, types of isolation

Globalization and infectious diseases

The Infectious syndromes (epidemiology, etiology, clinical, diagnostic and diagnostic and therapeutic aspects)
• Sepsis and endocarditis
-SIRS, sepsis, septic shock
• Acute respiratory syndrome
• Acute neurological syndrome
        -Meningitis and infectious encephalitis
• Diarrheal syndrome
• Acute jaundice syndrome
• Febrile exanthematous syndromes
• Feverish syndromes returning from the tropics

HIV infection / AIDS

Viral hepatitis

WHO-EU. Infections and infectious diseases A manual for nurses and midwives in the WHO EuropeanRegion. WHO 2001, available for free at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/102316/e79822.pdf

Scientific papers published by international journals on the topics covered will be made available.

-The microbiome: eubiosis and dysbiosis, physiopathogenetic mechanisms associated with microbiome alterations, treatment of microbiome alterations through probiotic integration, treatment of microbiome alterations through diet, characteristics and modulation of the gut-brain-microbiome axis, microbiome and health of women and children.
- Main bases of integrated medicine applied to women's health
- Appropriate food models for women at different stages of life, including vegetarian and vegan diets in general, during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Mayes’ Midwifery. Macdonald, Johnson. Elsevier. 2017
Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professor

Preparation of environment and patient to surgical procedures
Use of anesthetics. Management of preanesthesia phase
Intra and post-surgical phase
Management of central and peripheral venous lines and surgical drainages
Management of surgical wounds and post-surgical pain
Monitoring in Intensive Care Unit
Organ failure. Physiopathology and treatment
Mechanical Ventilation
Extracorporeal removal techniques
The patient in shock
Stupor and coma

-AACN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing, 4th Ed.
Authors: S. Burns, S. Delgado
McGraw Hill Editor
-Critical Care Nursing: Science and Practice
di Sheila Adam, Sue Osborne, e al.
OUP Oxford Ed
-Guida al monitoraggio in area critica.
GD Giusti
Maggioli Editore
-Oh. Manuale di terapia Intensiva
Bersten AD, Soni N
Elsevier Masson Editore

• Surgical Basic Principles
• Shock

• Preoperative Surgery
• Principles of Preoperative and Operative Surgery
• Surgical Infections and choice of antibiotics
• Minimally invasive surgery

• Trauma and Critical care
• Management of acute trauma


• Head and Neck
◦ Thyroid
◦ Parathyroid

• Breast
◦ Diseases of the breast
◦ breast tumors

• Endocrine Surgery
◦ Endocrine pancreas
◦ Adrenal glands
◦ MEN

• Esophagus
◦ Hiatal Hernia and GERD
◦ Esophageal motility Disorders
◦ Esophageal neoplasms

• Abdomen
◦ Hernias
◦ Stomach
◦ Small Intestine
◦ Acute Intestinal Hemorrhages
◦ Acute Abdomen
◦ Appendix
◦ Colon and Rectum
◦ Anus
◦ The Liver
◦ Biliary Tract
◦ Exocrine pancreas
◦ Spleen


• The Chest
◦ Lung
◦ Lung neoplasms

• Gynecology Surgery

• Vascular Surgery

• Pediatric surgery

1. SABISTON TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY The biological basis of moern surgical practice. Elsevier Saunders. 20TH EDITION

2. The Washington Manual of Surgery 2016. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Major obstetric hemorrhage: main causes, differential diagnosis, midwifery care and team working.

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: definition, signs and symptoms, midwifery care and team working.

Induction of labour: recommendations and modality, midwifery care.

Shoulder dystocia: definition and types, dystocia signs, main care pathway to solve shoulder dystocia in different contexts.

Cord prolapse: definition, signs and symptoms, midwifery care in different contexts.

Materials will be provided by the Professor

1. Introduction to research methodology and Evidence Based Medicine;
2. The pyramid of evidence and the main types of studies;
3. Different approaches to science and research strategies;
4. The research question and the PICO model;
5. Scientific papers and tools for quality appraisal.
Supplementary topics and training:
1. Sampling methods;
2. What is a screening test?
3. How to build a research question;
4. How to organise a literature research on PubMed;
5. How to read a scientific paper and a guideline and how to assess its quality and professional usefulness

The student will receive all the teaching material (slides, internet documents) and training stuff (scientific papers) during the lectures.
Polit DF, Beck CT. Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [not mandatory; the student will receive the pdf version]

Epidemiology in action: the main research tools for professional practice.
The research cycle
Main types of study useful for professional practice
Cross-sectional studies
Data collection: tools and methods
How to build a questionnaire
The quality of the data
Data analysis: use of spreadsheets and Epi Info software
Interpretation of the collected data
How to integrate the different methods: quantitative research, qualitative research, mixed methods.
How to translate research results into practice
Communicate the results

The handouts will be provided by the teacher (presentations, bibliography)

The module will consider the following topics:
1. Taking a history
2. Vital signs
3. Pain
4. Explaining diagnosis and management
5. Discussing treatment with patients
6. The hospital
7. Pre-operative patient assessment
8. Post-operative patient assessment
9. Patient discharge
10. Breathing problems
11. Communicating
12. Personal care
13. Elimination 
14. Eating and drinking
15. Mobility
16. Wound care
17. Sexuality and gynaecology
18. Medical imaging
19. Heart problems
20. Diabetes care
21. Intravenous infusions
22. Cancer treatment
Students will also be given the chance to practise the language of both telephone

Rotatori, A. (2020). Parlare e comprendere l’inglese contemporaneo della medicina e infermieristica. EdiSES Università
Wells, J. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd edition). Longman
Further materials will be made available as handouts before lectures.

Physiopathology of implantation and early pregnancy.
Miscarriage: aetiology, clinical forms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Ectopic pregnancy: aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia): aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Diabetes in pregnancy: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Abruptio placenta and placenta previa: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Preterm labour: Aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
HIV, COVID-19, HAV, HBV, HCV, ZIKV infections in pregnancy
Major puerperal disorders
Thyroid problems in pregnant women
Disorders in amniotic fluid volume
Obstetric interventions
Rhythmic variations of labour, obstructed labour, and uterine rupture
Malpositions and malpresentations
Prolapse of the umbilical cord
Shoulder dystocia
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

• G. Bolis: Manuale di Ginecologia e Ostetricia – II Edizione 2017 – EdiSES, Napoli
• Dewhurst ‘s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7th ed. Edited by D. Keith Edmonds. EMSI Editore, Roma. Pag. 265-75, 2012
• Mayes’ Midwifery. Macdonald, Johnson. Elsevier. 2017
• Ragusa, Crescini; Urgenze ed Emergenze in Sala Parto; Piccin; October 2016
• -Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

Physiopathology of implantation and early pregnancy.
Miscarriage: aetiology, clinical forms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Ectopic pregnancy: aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia): aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Diabetes in pregnancy: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Abruptio placenta and placenta previa: aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Preterm labour: Aetiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
HIV, COVID-19, HAV, HBV, HCV, ZIKV infections in pregnancy
Major puerperal disorders
Thyroid problems in pregnant women
Disorders in amniotic fluid volume
Obstetric interventions
Rhythmic variations of labour, obstructed labour, and uterine rupture
Malpositions and malpresentations
Prolapse of the umbilical cord
Shoulder dystocia
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

• G. Bolis: Manuale di Ginecologia e Ostetricia – II Edizione 2017 – EdiSES, Napoli
• Dewhurst ‘s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7th ed. Edited by D. Keith Edmonds. EMSI Editore, Roma. Pag. 265-75, 2012
• Mayes’ Midwifery. Macdonald, Johnson. Elsevier. 2017
• Ragusa, Crescini; Urgenze ed Emergenze in Sala Parto; Piccin; October 2016
• -Didactic material (lessons in pdf, papers, etc.) delivered by the Professors

• Principles of endocrinology: definition of endocrinology, hormone synthesis and secretion, feedback mechanisms regulating hormone synthesis and secretion, hormone transport, hormone receptors, hormone actions.
• Pathophysiology of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland: pituitary tumors, prolactinomas, acromegaly and gigantism, diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism.
• Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and thyroid disorders: thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer.
• Pathophysiology of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and disorders of the parathyroid glands: hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism. Osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases.
• Pathophysiology of the endocrine pancreas, type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia.
• Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: adrenocortical hypofunction and adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease), adrenocortical hyperfunction, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma (chromaffin cell tumor of the adrenal medulla).
• Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis: hypogonadism, menstrual disorders and amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome, female infertility.
• Pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis: hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, male infertility.
• Obesity, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemias.

• Fredric E. Wondisford. Essentials of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Springer International Publishing (2020). ISBN: 978-3-030-39571-1.
• Aled Rees, Miles Levy, Andrew Lansdown. Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes at a Glance. Wiley (2017). ISBN-13: 978-1119128717.

• Human Nutrition
◦ Macronutrients
◦ Micronutients
◦ Basal Metabolism and Caloric Intakes
◦ The Food Categories
◦ Vitamines and Minerals
◦ The Food Pyramid
• Nutritional needs and guidelines during Pregnancy
• Nutritional needs and guidelines during Lactation
• Nutritional aspects of Maternal and Child Health in Global Health
◦ Maternal and Child mortality
◦ Most common nutritional causes
◦ The impact of nutrition on child development

Lanham-New, Susan A. Lanham-New, Ian A. MacDonald, Helen M. Roche. « Nutrition and Metabolism » (The Nutrition Society Textbook Book 6) Wiley-Blackwell. Second Edition 2011.

• Markets, preferences, utility, demand and supply
• Pareto-efficiency and market failures: asymmetric information, externalities, moral hazard and adverse selection
• Agency
• Relationships between economic growth and health
• Welfare systems
• Demand and supply of healthcare
• The economic analysis of healthcare
• Cost effectiveness, cost utility and cost benefit analyses

Wondeling, Gruen, Black. Introduction to health economics. Understanding Public Health. 1st edition.
Additional materials ( Power point slides) will be provided alongside classes.

Health concept
General epidemiology of infectious disease. Sources of infection, mode of transmission .
Factors favoring the spread of infections.
Ways to onset of infections in the population.
Preventive Medicine
The objectives and the methods of the prevention.
Prevention of infections:
discovery and inactivation of infection sources, interruption of transmission chains; increase of resistance to infections .
General principles of prevention of not infectious diseases.
Tertiary, secondary, primary prevention.
Prevention of blood transmissible infections
Prevention of infections during pregnancy
Hospital infections
Hygiene of environment

Igiene per le professioni sanitarie. Author: Ricciardi Walter. Editor: Sorbona. Edition: 2014
Comodo N., Maciocco G., Igiene e Sanità Pubblica. Carocci Ed.

An Overview of Health Care Management
Leadership
Management and Motivation
Organizational Behavior and Management Thinking
Strategic Planning
Healthcare MarketingQuality Improvement Basics
Information Technology
Financing Health Care and Health Insurance
Managing Costs and Revenues
Managing Health Care Professionals
The Strategic Management of Human Resources
Teamwork
Addressing Health Disparities: Cultural Proficiency
Ethics and Law
Fraud and Abuse
Special Topics and Emerging Issues in Health Care Management
Health Care Management Case Studies and Guidelines

Sharon Bell Buchbinder, Nancy H Shanks, (2017), Introduction to health care management, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, Massachusetts.
Readings provided by the teacher as well as all the material used during the lessons.