| Biology biochemistry and genetics
(objectives)
The aim of this integrated course is to provide students with the knowledge of:
- the main classes of organic molecules and biological macromolecules, knowledge of the functioning of respiratory proteins and the working mechanism of enzymes;
- energy metabolism in humans and the role played by the main classes of biomolecules;
- the main metabolic pathways, including the main pathway of glucose catabolism;
- the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the descriptive aspects, the basic biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as the basic unit of living organisms;
- the constructive logic of the fundamental biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the general unitary principles that govern the functioning of the different biological units, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
- the inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases and the analytic methodologies useful for the diagnosis of these pathologies.
At the end of the course the student will be able to know the main classes of macromolecules and their function, the mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and the transmission of genetic heritage, to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and recognize the modes of transmission.
|
|
Code
|
90097 |
|
Language
|
ENG |
|
Type of certificate
|
Profit certificate
|
| Module: BIOCHEMISTRY
(objectives)
The aim of this integrated course is to provide students with the knowledge of:
- the main classes of organic molecules and biological macromolecules, knowledge of the functioning of respiratory proteins and the working mechanism of enzymes;
- energy metabolism in humans and the role played by the main classes of biomolecules;
- the main metabolic pathways, including the main pathway of glucose catabolism;
- the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the descriptive aspects, the basic biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as the basic unit of living organisms;
- the constructive logic of the fundamental biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the general unitary principles that govern the functioning of the different biological units, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
- the inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases and the analytic methodologies useful for the diagnosis of these pathologies.
At the end of the course the student will be able to know the main classes of macromolecules and their function, the mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and the transmission of genetic heritage, to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and recognize the modes of transmission.
|
|
Language
|
ENG |
|
Type of certificate
|
Profit certificate
|
|
Credits
|
2
|
|
Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
|
BIO/10
|
|
Contact Hours
|
20
|
|
Type of Activity
|
Basic compulsory activities
|
|
Teacher
|
Federici Luca
(syllabus)
ROFAs: The structure of the atom. Chemical bonds. The main properties of aqueous solutions: measurement of concentration, pH, acid-base properties. Thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium. The chemical kinetics. The redox reactions.
-The chemistry of carbon
Hybridization of orbitals: sp, sp2, sp3. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Chirality. Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. Amines, esters, anhydrides and amides. Redox reactions in organic chemistry.
-Structure and function of biological molecules
Carbohydrates: general aspects and classification, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides.
Lipids: general aspects and classification, fatty acids, acylglycerols, phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids, steroids. The biological membranes.
Amino acids and the structure of proteins: amino acids; peptide bond; primary structure; tertiary and quaternary secondary school.
Functions of proteins: Myoglobin and hemoglobin.
Enzymes: characteristics and functioning; mechanisms of enzymatic inhibition.
-Carbohydrate metabolism: glycogen, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Hormonal regulation of blood sugar.
-Lipid metabolism: fatty acids as main fuels of metabolism, beta oxidation, ketone bodies, synthesis of fatty acids.
-Amino acid metabolism: digestion of proteins; transamination, deamination and urea production.
-Bioenergetics: citric acid cycle, respiratory chain, electron transfer and synthesis of ATP through ATP synthase.
(reference books)
-”Biochemistry”, D. R. Ferrier Wolters Kluwer;
- “Lehningher principles of biochemistry”, D. L. Nelson, M.M. Cox (2017) W.H. Freeman & Co.
|
|
Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
|
From to |
|
Delivery mode
|
Traditional
|
|
Attendance
|
Mandatory
|
|
Evaluation methods
|
Written test
|
|
|
| Module: APPLIED BIOLOGY
(objectives)
The aim of this integrated course is to provide students with the knowledge of:
- the main classes of organic molecules and biological macromolecules, knowledge of the functioning of respiratory proteins and the working mechanism of enzymes;
- energy metabolism in humans and the role played by the main classes of biomolecules;
- the main metabolic pathways, including the main pathway of glucose catabolism;
- the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the descriptive aspects, the basic biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as the basic unit of living organisms;
- the constructive logic of the fundamental biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the general unitary principles that govern the functioning of the different biological units, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
- the inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases and the analytic methodologies useful for the diagnosis of these pathologies.
At the end of the course the student will be able to know the main classes of macromolecules and their function, the mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and the transmission of genetic heritage, to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and recognize the modes of transmission.
|
|
Language
|
ENG |
|
Type of certificate
|
Profit certificate
|
|
Credits
|
2
|
|
Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
|
BIO/13
|
|
Contact Hours
|
20
|
|
Type of Activity
|
Basic compulsory activities
|
|
Teacher
|
Stoppelli Maria
(syllabus)
OFAs:
Classification principles of living organisms. Cell theory. Characteristics of living cells. Classification and major structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Structure and function of biomolecules. Cell metabolism, the use of energy by cells. Differences in asexual and sexual reproduction. Mitosis and Meiosis.
-Characteristics of living organisms: cell metabolism, reproduction. Cellular organization, types of macromolecules.
-Characteristics of living cells: cellular theory. Classification principles of living organisms.
-Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell models: classification and major structural differences.
-Cell Chemistry: structure, shape and function of macromolecules. Proteins.
-Lipids. Structure, properties and function of plasma membrane.
-Internal organization of the cell: cellular compartments, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endomembranes and membrane traffic: endocytosis and exocytosis.
-Mitochondria and chloroplasts: glycolysis, fermentation, cellular respiration, photosynthesis (outline).
- Post-synthetic fate of proteins, protein sorting. Main post-translational modifications of the polypeptide chains.
- Cell cytoskeleton: microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments. Cilia and flagella. Centrioles and centrosomes.
-Cell Nucleus: nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin and chromosomes.
-Molecular basis of hereditary information: DNA replication. DNA repair and its correlation with human diseases.
-RNA structure and function: main types of RNAs and differences with respect to DNA in their molecular size, stability and biological functions. Transcription and RNA maturation.
- How cells read the genome: the genetic
(reference books)
- “Essential Cell Biology (Fifth edition)” by Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D Johnson, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter. Editor: W.W. NORTON
- “Biology” by Peter H. Raven, George Johnson, Kenneth A. Mason, Jonathan B. Losos, Tod Duncan. Editor: McGraw-Hill Education
|
|
Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
|
From to |
|
Delivery mode
|
Traditional
|
|
Attendance
|
Mandatory
|
|
Evaluation methods
|
Written test
|
|
|
| Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
(objectives)
The aim of this integrated course is to provide students with the knowledge of:
- the main classes of organic molecules and biological macromolecules, knowledge of the functioning of respiratory proteins and the working mechanism of enzymes;
- energy metabolism in humans and the role played by the main classes of biomolecules;
- the main metabolic pathways, including the main pathway of glucose catabolism;
- the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the descriptive aspects, the basic biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as the basic unit of living organisms;
- the constructive logic of the fundamental biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the general unitary principles that govern the functioning of the different biological units, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena.
- the inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases and the analytic methodologies useful for the diagnosis of these pathologies.
At the end of the course the student will be able to know the main classes of macromolecules and their function, the mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and the transmission of genetic heritage, to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and recognize the modes of transmission.
|
|
Language
|
ENG |
|
Type of certificate
|
Profit certificate
|
|
Credits
|
2
|
|
Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
|
MED/03
|
|
Contact Hours
|
20
|
|
Type of Activity
|
Basic compulsory activities
|
|
Teacher
|
Latini Andrea
(syllabus)
Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms: gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, dominance, recessivity, codominance, mutation, polymorphism.
Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses, Segregation in Human Pedigrees, Blood groups Genetics
Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance
Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Chromosomes: Structure and Analysis, Chromosomes Pathologies
Genomic Imprinting
X-chromosome inactivation
Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, pattern of inheritance
Multifactorial inheritance: polymorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies
Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine
Dynamic mutations and related disorders
Genetic tests and Counselling. Outlines
(reference books)
Lectures in pdf format will be provided to students.
Recommended books: “Medical Genetics” by Lynn Jorde John Carey Michael Bamshad. Edited by Elsevier
|
|
Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
|
From to |
|
Delivery mode
|
Traditional
|
|
Attendance
|
Mandatory
|
|
Evaluation methods
|
Written test
|
|
|
|
