1) Introduction to pathologies of the respiratory system. Special anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, clinical semeiotics of the main symptoms and signs of respiratory diseases: cough, dyspnoea, haemophtoe and chest pain, rales, wheezing, cyanosis, digital hippocratism. Other non-specific symptoms and signs associated with respiratory disease

2) Techniques and basic principles of interpretation of laboratory tests and respiratory physiopathology, respiratory function tests, arterial blood gas analysis and oximetry; walk test; polygraphic monitoring during sleep, clinical semiotics of the main symptoms and signs of respiratory diseases: cough, dyspnoea, haemophtoe and chest pain, rales, wheezing, cyanosis, digital hippocratism. Other non-specific symptoms and signs associated with respiratory disease

3) Respiratory infectious diseases: community acquired (CAP) and nosocomial (HAP) pneumonia, pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, aspiration pneumonia (ad ingestis), lung abscess. Definition, Epidemiology, Main Pathogens, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Pathological Anatomy, Clinical and Instrumental Diagnosis, Natural History, Complications and Therapy

4) Pulmonary tuberculosis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy

5) Lung Cancer: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy

6) Acute and chronic respiratory failure. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. Oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation: basic principles, indications, side effects.

7) Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arterial hypertension and other pathologies of the pulmonary circulation: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy

8) Diffuse infiltrative lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis and other pulmonary interstitial diseases; definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy

9) Bronchial asthma and respiratory immunoallergic diseases: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy

10) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy

11) Pleural Pathology: pleurisy and pleural effusions; pneumothorax; mesothelioma. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. Thoracentesis and management of pleurostomy.

12) Bronchiectasis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy.

13) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy.

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo

COURSE SYLLABUS

1 Introduction to pathologies of the respiratory system. Special anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, clinical semeiotics of the main symptoms and signs of respiratory diseases: cough, dyspnoea, haemophtoe and chest pain, rales, wheezing, cyanosis, digital hippocratism. Other non-specific symptoms and signs associated with respiratory disease
2 Techniques and basic principles of interpretation of laboratory tests and respiratory physiopathology, respiratory function tests, arterial blood gas analysis and oximetry; walk test; polygraphic monitoring during sleep, clinical semiotics of the main symptoms and signs of respiratory diseases: cough, dyspnoea, haemophtoe and chest pain, rales, wheezing, cyanosis, digital hippocratism. Other non-specific symptoms and signs associated with respiratory disease
3 Respiratory infectious diseases: community acquired (CAP) and nosocomial (HAP) pneumonia, pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, aspiration pneumonia (ad ingestis), lung abscess. Definition, Epidemiology, Main Pathogens, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Pathological Anatomy, Clinical and Instrumental Diagnosis, Natural History, Complications and Therapy
4 Pulmonary tuberculosis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy
5 Lung Cancer: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy
6 Acute and chronic respiratory failure. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. Oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation: basic principles, indications, side effects.
7 Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arterial hypertension and other pathologies of the pulmonary circulation: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy
8 Diffuse infiltrative lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis and other pulmonary interstitial diseases; definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy
9 Bronchial asthma and respiratory immunoallergic diseases: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy
10 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy
11 Pleural Pathology: pleurisy and pleural effusions; pneumothorax; mesothelioma. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy. Thoracentesis and management of pleurostomy.
12 Bronchiectasis. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy.
13 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, clinical and instrumental diagnosis, natural history, complications and therapy.

READING MATERIALS

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo

( From the text Hurst 14th edition)

• Atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque (Chapter 32)
• Coronary Thrombosis, Coronary Blood Flow (Chapter 33)
• Hypertension (Chapter 23)
• Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Smoking (Chapter 28-29-30)
• Evaluation and Managment of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (Chapter 43)
• Cardiovascular Pharmacology
• Acute Coronary Syndromes: Definition, Evaluation and Management of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Sudden Cardiac Death (Chapter 36, 37, 39, 40)
• Cardiovascular Diagnostics: electrocardiography, electrocardiographic exercise testing, echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, cardiac catherization and cardiac angiography
• Heart Failure: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management (Chapter 68, 70, 71)
• Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia (Chapter 83)
• Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Ventricular Arrhythmias (Chapter 85)
• Classification of Cardiomyopathies (CMP), Dilated CMP, Hypertrophic CMP, Restrictive CMP and Arrhytmogenic CMP (Chapter 57, 58, 59, 61, 62)
• Bradyarrhythmias, Pacemakers and Defibrillators (Chapter 86, 89)
• Myocarditis and Pericardial Diseases (Chapter 63, 66)

Hurst’s. The Heart, 14th edition.
ESC Textbook of Cardiovacular Medicine.

Programma . Dal testo Hurst 14° edizione
• LESSON 1 (Prof. F. Prati)
Atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque
(Chapter 32)
• LESSON 2 (Prof. F. Prati)
Coronary Thrombosis, Coronary Blood Flow (Chapter 33)
Hypertension (Chapter 23)
• LESSON 3 (Prof. F. Prati)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Smoking (Chapter 28-29-30)
Evaluation and Managment of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (Chapter 43)
• LESSON 4 (Prof. F. Prati)
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
• LESSON 5 (Prof. F. Prati)
Acute Coronary Syndromes: Definition, Evaluation and Management of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Sudden Cardiac Death
(Chapter 36, 37, 39, 40)
• LESSON 6 (Prof. F. Prati)
Cardiovascular Diagnostics: electrocardiography, electrocardiographic exercise testing, echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, cardiac catherization and cardiac angiography
• LESSON 7 (Prof. L. Gatto)
Heart Failure: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management
(Chapter 68, 70, 71)
• LESSON 8 (Prof. F. Brandimarte)
Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia (Chapter 83)
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Ventricular Arrhythmias (Chapter 85)
• LESSON 9 (Prof. L. Gatto)
Classification of Cardiomyopathies (CMP), Dilated CMP, Hypertrophic CMP, Restrictive CMP and Arrhytmogenic CMP (Chapter 57, 58, 59, 61, 62)
• LESSON 10 (Prof F. Brandimarte)
Bradyarrhythmias, Pacemakers and Defibrillators (Chapter 86, 89)
Myocarditis and Pericardial Diseases (Chapter 63, 66)

• Hurst’s. The Heart, 14 edizione.

• ESC Textbook of Cardiovacular Medicine.

• Basics of surgical anatomy of chest
• Fundamentals of diagnosis and imaging examinations in thoracic surgery
• Preoperative physiological evaluation
• Chest wall diseases: Pectus deformities, Thoracic outlet syndrome, chest wall tumors
• Pleura: Pneumothorax, Chylothorax, Empyema, Pleural effusion, Solitary fibrous tumors, Malignant pleural mesothelioma
• Trachea: tracheobronchial injuries, stenosis and fistulae, Tracheal tumors
• Mediastinum: Myasthenia gravis, Thymic tumors, Mediastinal germ cell tumors, Lymphomas, and other hematologic diseases
• Lung: Surgery for emphysema, Lung abscess, Lung cancer screening, Solitary pulmonary nodule, Staging
• lung cancer, Lung cancer, Superior sulcus tumors, Carcinoid tumors, Metastatic tumors of the lung
• Esophagus: Benign tumors, esophageal malignancies, Staging, Indications to surgery, Esophageal functional diseases, Differential diagnosis, Decision making process and Indication to surgery of functional diseases of foregut
•

Pocket Manual of General Thoracic Surgery. Amin Madani, Lorenzo Ferri, Andrew Seely (Eds). 2015 Edition. Springer. ISBN-13: 978-3319174969, ISBN-10: 3319174967

Decision making in Thoracic Surgery. An algorithmic approach. Wickii T Vignesvaran, John A Odell. Jaipee The Health Sciences Publisher Ltd. First Edition 2018. ISBN:978-93-5270-038-7

COURSE SYLLABUS
Basics of surgical anatomy of chest
Fundamentals of diagnosis and imaging examinations in thoracic surgery
Preoperative physiological evaluation
Chest wall diseases: Pectus deformities, Thoracic outlet syndrome, chest wall tumors
Pleura: Pneumothorax, Chylothorax, Empyema, Pleural effusion, Solitary fibrous tumors, Malignant pleural mesothelioma
Trachea: tracheobronchial injuries, stenosis and fistulae, Tracheal tumors
Mediastinum: Myasthenia gravis, Thymic tumors, Mediastinal germ cell tumors, Lymphomas, and other hematologic diseases
Lung: Surgery for emphysema, Lung abscess, Lung cancer screening, Solitary pulmonary nodule, Staging
lung cancer, Lung cancer, Superior sulcus tumors, Carcinoid tumors, Metastatic tumors of the lung
Esophagus: Benign tumors, esophageal malignancies, Staging, Indications to surgery, Esophageal functional diseases, Differential diagnosis, Decision making process and Indication to surgery of functional diseases of foregut

READING MATERIALS
Pocket Manual of General Thoracic Surgery. Amin Madani, Lorenzo Ferri, Andrew Seely (Eds). 2015 Edition. Springer. ISBN-13: 978-3319174969, ISBN-10: 3319174967

1) Atherosclerosis and principles of Hemodynamics.
2) Clinical semiotics and instrumental diagnosis of vascular apparatus and pathologies
3)Peripheral vascular disease.
4) Acute limb ischemia.
5) Cerebrovascular insufficiency.
6) Celiac-mesenteric insufficiency, acute and chronic.
7) Renovascular hypertension.
8) Aortic aneurysms.
9) Peripheral aneurysms
10) Aortic dissections.
11) Vascular trauma.
12) Diseases of the venous system.
13) Diseases of the lymphatic system.
14) Thoracic outlet syndrome.
15) Vasospastic diseases.

Handbook of Patient Care in Vascular Diseases (6th edition), by Rasmussen/Clouse/Tonnessen.

Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Handbook

COURSE SYLLABUS
1) Atherosclerosis and principles of Hemodynamics.
2) Clinical semiotics and instrumental diagnosis of vascular apparatus and pathologies
3)Peripheral vascular disease.
4) Acute limb ischemia.
5) Cerebrovascular insufficiency.
6) Celiac-mesenteric insufficiency, acute and chronic.
7) Renovascular hypertension.
8) Aortic aneurysms.
9) Peripheral aneurysms
10) Aortic dissections.
11) Vascular trauma.
12) Diseases of the venous system.
13) Diseases of the lymphatic system.
14) Thoracic outlet syndrome.
15) Vasospastic diseases.

READING MATERIALS

Handbook of Patient Care in Vascular Diseases (6th edition), 
by Rasmussen/Clouse/Tonnessen.
Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Handbook

1) Ischemic heart diseases. Surgical therapies. Rationale and methodology

2) Valvular disease
- Main causes of valve diseases
- Congenital, Rheumatic disease, Ischemic disease, Endocarditis, Degenerative

Aortic stenosis:
- Ethiology, Physiopathology
- Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
- Therapy: Medical, Valvuloplasty, TAVI, Surgical

Aortic insufficiency:
- Ethiology, Physiopathology
- Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
- Therapy: Medical, TAVI, Surgical

Mitral stenosis:
- Ethiology, Physiopathology
- Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
- Therapy: Medical, Valvuloplasty, TAMI, Surgical

Mitral insufficiency:
- Ethiology, Physiopathology
- Diagnosis: Symptoms, Physical examination, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
- Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional, Surgical

Tricuspid insufficiency:
- Ethiology, Physiopathology
- Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
- Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional , Surgical

Tricuspid stenosis and pulmonary disease
- Ethiology, Physiopathology
- Diagnosis Symptoms, Semeiotic, Lab. Tests, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
- Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional , Surgical

Infective endocarditis
- Ethiology, Physiopathology
- Diagnosis Symptoms, Semeiotic, Lab. Tests, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
- Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional , Surgical

3) Congenital disease
- Atrial septum defect (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
- Ventricular septum defect (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
- Tetralogy of Fallot (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
- Aortic coarctation (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
- Pulmonary atresia (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
- Trasposizione dei grossi vasi (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)

Cardiac Surgery, Kirklin /Barrat-Boyes. Ed Churchill, Livingstone

COURSE PROGRAM

1) Ischemic heart diseases. Surgical therapies. Rationale and methodology

2) Valvular disease
Main causes of valve diseases
Congenital, Rheumatic disease, Ischemic disease, Endocarditis, Degenerative
Aortic stenosis
Ethiology, Physiopathology
Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
Therapy: Medical, Valvuloplasty, TAVI, Surgical
Aortic insufficiency:
Ethiology, Physiopathology
Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
Therapy: Medical, TAVI, Surgical

Mitral stenosis:
Ethiology, Physiopathology
Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
Therapy: Medical, Valvuloplasty, TAMI, Surgical

Mitral insufficiency:
Ethiology, Physiopathology
Diagnosis: Symptoms, Physical examination, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional , Surgical

Tricuspid insufficiency:
Ethiology, Physiopathology
Diagnosis: Symptoms, Semeiotic, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional , Surgical

Tricuspid stenosis and pulmonary disease
Ethiology, Physiopathology
Diagnosis Symptoms, Semeiotic, Lab. Tests, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional , Surgical

Infective endocarditis
Aneurismi dell’ aorta ascendente
Ethiology, Physiopathology
Diagnosis Symptoms, Semeiotic, Lab. Tests, Ecg changes, Echocardiogram, Catheterism
Therapy: Medical, Percutaneous Interventional , Surgical

3) Congenital disease
Atrial septum defect (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
Ventricular septum defect (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
Tetralogy of Fallot (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
Aortic coarctation (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
Pulmonary atresia (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)
Trasposizione dei grossi vasi (physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment)

READING MATERIALS
Cardiac Surgery, Kirklin /Barrat-Boyes. Ed Churchill, Livingstone