PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS
• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (to be integrated for the Nervous System)
• Essentials of exercise Physiology. W.D. Mcardle, F.I. Katch, V.L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (da integrare per il Sistema Nervoso)
• Fisiologia dell’esercizio. W. D. Mcardle, F. I. Katch, V. L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS
• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (to be integrated for the Nervous System)
• Essentials of exercise Physiology. W.D. Mcardle, F.I. Katch, V.L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (da integrare per il Sistema Nervoso)
• Fisiologia dell’esercizio. W. D. Mcardle, F. I. Katch, V. L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS
• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (to be integrated for the Nervous System)
• Essentials of exercise Physiology. W.D. Mcardle, F.I. Katch, V.L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS
• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (to be integrated for the Nervous System)
• Essentials of exercise Physiology. W.D. Mcardle, F.I. Katch, V.L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS
• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (to be integrated for the Nervous System)
• Essentials of exercise Physiology. W.D. Mcardle, F.I. Katch, V.L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

PHYSIOLOGY
Cellular and muscle physiology and of the cardiocirculatory system.
Homeostatic mechanisms and control systems. Exchanges across the cell membrane. Active and passive membrane processes. Osmosis. Cell membrane potential and equilibrium potential. Electrical properties of the cell membrane. Propagation of the electrical signal along an excitable fiber. Voltage-dependent ion channels of Na +, K + and Ca2 +. The action potential. Refractoriness of excitable membranes. Propagation of electrical signals and action potential. Electric and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Signal transduction. Intracellular signals. Synaptic integration. The neuromuscular synapse. Examples of diseases related to alterations in nervous communication. Muscle physiology. Structure of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle. Theory of the myofilament sliding. Cycle of cross bridges and development of force. Excitation-contraction coupling. The simple and tetanic twitch. Isometric and isotonic contraction. Voltage-length and speed-load curve. Muscle power. Energy sources of contraction. Muscular fatigue. Motor unit. Smooth muscle. Regulation and control of smooth muscle contraction. The heart muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling of the heart muscle. Mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle: pressure, volumetric and electrical aspects. The electrocardiogram. Cardiac output. Frank-Starling law. Arterial pressure, its regulation and measurement. Principles of hemodynamics. Relationship between resistance to flow, pressure, volume and viscosity of the blood. Capillaries and microcirculation. Starling's forces. The venous return. Blood circulation control. Circulation in special regions. Lymphatic circulation.

Physiology of the Nervous System.
Organization of the nervous system. Sensory receptors. Somatic sensitivities: tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity. Pain. Motor functions of the spinal cord: spinal reflexes. Control of motor function by the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Basal nuclei and motor control. Cerebellum and motor control. Cerebral cortex and intellectual functions: language, memory and learning. Sleep-wake rhythm. Functions of the limbic and hypothalamus system. Autonomous nervous system and adrenal medulla.

Physiology of the Respiratory System.
Organization of the respiratory system. Lung ventilation. Pulmonary circulation. Alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood and body fluids. Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs. Breathing regulation. Adaptations of the respiratory system to physical exercise.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS
• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (to be integrated for the Nervous System)
• Essentials of exercise Physiology. W.D. Mcardle, F.I. Katch, V.L. Katch, Casa Editrice Piccin

METHODS AND DIDACTICS OF MOTOR ACTIVITIES.
Energy systems involved in exercise. The role of lactate in exercise physiology. Oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise and recovery. Maximal Oxygen Consumption. Physical capacity evaluation. Principles of physical exercise prescription. Exercise training for health as prevention, rehabilitation and treatment of chronic diseases.

• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (da integrare per il Sistema Nervoso)
• Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance. W. D. Mcardle, F. I. Katch, V. L. Katch, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

METHODS AND DIDACTICS OF MOTOR ACTIVITIES.
Energy systems involved in exercise. The role of lactate in exercise physiology. Oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise and recovery. Maximal Oxygen Consumption. Physical capacity evaluation. Principles of physical exercise prescription. Exercise training for health as prevention, rehabilitation and treatment of chronic diseases.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS
• Human Physiology. Sherwood. Editore: Brooks/Cole
• Medical Physiology. Guyton and Hall. Editore: Saunders
• Neuroscience. Purves. Editore: OUP USA (to be integrated for the Nervous System)
• Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins