 Cellular pathology: Cellular stress, Necrosis, Apoptosis. Cellular adaptations
 Innate immunity. Acute inflammation. Cells and chemical mediators of inflammation. Exudation: different types of exudate. Chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Chronic inflammation
 Adaptive immunity: immune tolerance. Oral tolerance. Antigens and antibodies. Antigen recognition and lymphocyte activation. Major histocompatibility system. Antigen processing and presentation to T lymphocytes. Regulation of the immune response. Effector mechanisms of the immune response. Hypersensitivity reactions. Gut barrier
 Adverse food reactions: pathogenetic aspects
 Food allergies: pathogenesis, classification of food allergens
 Pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock. Celiac disease
 Food intolerances: pathogenesis. Pseudoallergic food reactions. Enzyme deficiency reactions.

Pontieri GM; Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale; 4 edizione; Piccin Ed; ISBN: 9788829929122; 2018
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S; Le basi dell’immunologia; 5 edizione; Edra.; ISBN: 9788821442551; 2017
Kumar V, Abbass AK, Aster JC; Robbins, Fondamenti di Patologia e di Fisiopatologia; 9 edizione; Edra; ISBN: 9788821440458; 2013