At the end of this course, students will acquire how to identify the principal diseases of digestive tract and of the liver, how to discriminate among main digestive symptoms and define an appropriate diagnostic flowchart, for differential diagnosis, and how to hypothesize the correct medical management for gastroenterological and liver diseases. Moreover, students will study the physiology of the endocrine system and metabolism. They will analyze the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the main diseases of the endocrine system.
In addition, at the end of the program, students will know the main basics about:1) a right approach to renal disease 2) characterization of histological and morphological renal aspects 3) clinical tools and differential diagnosis in renal disease. Finally, the course aims to provide the students with the opportunity to systematically learn the pathological pictures of the genitourinary system. The student will be able to discriminate between the main signs and symptoms in order to identify a correct diagnostic procedure, to set the elements for a differential diagnosis. It will also be necessary to know the current therapeutic protocols.
Finally, this course aims to provide the student with the opportunity to systematically learn the pathological pictures of the genitourinary system. The student will have to be able to discriminate between the main signs and symptoms in order to identify a correct diagnostic procedure, to set the elements for a differential diagnosis. It will also be necessary to know the current therapeutic protocols. At the end of the course the student must be able to: provide the main notions of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the urinary and male genital tract ; develop diagnostic reasoning and therapeutic planning, referring to scientific evidence.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of this teaching, the student will be able to:

• Identify the main signs and symptoms of gastroenterological disorders
• Classify symptoms according to relevance and severity
• Set up a diagnostic flow chart to reach a proper diagnosis by connecting clinical and pathophysiological elements
• Propose medical and interventional approaches for digestive diseases
• Systematically analyze digestive pathological scenarios
• Know the principles of evidence-based medicine and identify settings for their application, and when second-line investigations are warranted
• Use web-based tools for these tasks
• Converse using specific scientific terms, and apply appropriate diagnostic and prognostic scores
• Achieve proficiency in basic patient communication, to collect relevant history, and address the fundamentals of diagnosis and treatment
• Know the pathophysiological bases of the main diseases of the endocrine system and metabolism, with particular reference to gender differences, the physiology of the endocrine system and the endocrine diseases
• Identify the main signs and symptoms of renal disorders
• Understandig symptoms according to relevance and severity
• Set up a diagnostic flow chart to reach a right diagnosis by connecting clinical and pathophysiological elements
• Knowledge of medical and interventional approaches for renal diseases
• Provide the main notions of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the urinary and male genital tract
• Develop diagnostic reasoning and therapeutic planning, referring to scientific evidence
• Know the main notions of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the urinary and male genital tract
• Know and discriminate between the main urological symptoms
• Know how to recognize the main urological and male genital pathologies
• Propose a sympom-based diagnostic flow chart in order to reach a diagnostic hypothesi
• Know the main urological surgical procedures
• Know the devices commonly used in urological patients (urostomies, catheters, drainage, etc...)
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
Students must develop analytical methodological skills. They must know the principles of evidence based medicine, relate them to each specific clinical situation and identify those clinical situations that go beyond the guidelines.

Communication skills:
Students must have learned an adequate technical-scientific language; they will also have to develop communication skills with the patient starting from the collection of the anamnesis up to the communication of the diagnosis and related prognosis and therapy.

Autonomy of judgment:
At the end of the course of study, the student will be able to perform a logical procedure aimed at critically analyzing the information received from the patient in order to place each element in a differential diagnosis with other pathologies; he will also have to demonstrate an ability to study pathological pictures by consulting the most recent scientific literature.

Learning skills:
at the end of the integrated teaching, the student will acquire skills useful to deepen and expand their knowledge in the field of the course, also through the consultation of scientific literature, databases, specialized websites.