• Approach to the patient with neurological diseases
• Language abnormalities
• Neurobiological mechanisms of spasticity and rigidity and treatment approach
• Imaging (MRI, CT scan) and electrophysiologic techniques (evoked potentials, electromyo-grography, electroneurography, electroencephalography) for neurologic diagnosis
• Synaptic plasticity and neurobiology of rehabilitation
• Cerebrovascular diseases
• Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases
• Motorneurons disease
• Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders
• Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
• Genetic and acquired diseases of the peripheral nerves
• Myasthenia gravis and other diseases of the neuromuscular junction
• Infections of the nervous system (viral including SARS, bacterial, prionic)

• Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology 11th ed. McGraw-Hill Medical
• Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM 2012, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ. 'Principles of Neural Science, 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York
• Fuller G. Neurological Examination Made Easy Ed. Churchill Livingstone
• www.pubmed.com

Principles of Neuro-anatomy and Physiology: the Cranio-Cerebral System.
• Topographic Anatomy of the skull and functional Anatomy of the brain. Functional networks. Anatomy and physiology of the cranial nerves. Anatomy of the cerebral blood vessels. Anatomy of the ventriculo-cisternal system.
Pathophysiology of Intracranial Pressure (ICP).
• Homeostasis of intracranial volumes. Definition of ICP. The Pressure-volume relationship. Cerebral Perfusion Pressure. Cerebral Blood Flow. Cerebral Edema. Syndrome of elevated ICP.
Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) related pathologies.
• CSF: Intrinsic proprieties, production and reabsorption. CSF dynamics. Hydrocephalus: classification and pathophysiology. Syringomyelia. Pseudotumor Cerebri. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.
Brain Tumors.
• Principles of Neuro-oncology. W.H.O. Classification. Gliomas. Meningiomas. Secondary tumors (metastasis).
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
Biomechanical aspects. State of consciousness alteration. Post-traumatic intracranial bleedings. Diffuse axonal injury. Brain Concussion. Outcomes following TBI.
• Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhages.
Hemorrhagic Strokes. Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intracranial aneurysms. Artero-venous malformations. Venous Malformations. Intracerebral hematomas. Related Outcomes.
• Principles of Neuro-anatomy and Physiology: the vertebro-medullary system.
General anatomy of the spine. The cranio-vertebral junction. Anatomy and functional organization of the spinal cord. Spinal nerves. Topographic anatomy of the cervical, dorsal and lumbo-sacral spine and the related spinal cord segments.
Traumatic Spinal Injury (TSI).
• Biomechanical aspects. Principles of vertebral fractures classification. Post-traumatic spinal cord syndromes. The A.S.I.A. system. Outcome following TSI.
Spinal Tumors.
• Classification and general aspects. Primary and secondary tumors. Spinal cord compression syndromes. Prognosis of spinal tumors.
Spinal degenerative disease.
• Disks degeneration and related pathology. The concept of spinal instability. Spondylosis myelopathy. Radiculopathies. The Low back pain.

During each lesson the teacher will support the student with an abundant source of references, indicating the most important and recent literature to read. Fundamental Book Chapters will be also provided, directly by the teacher. Neurosurgery fundamentals. Ed. Nitin Agarwal. New York: Thieme, 2019. ISBN: 9781626238251

- General principles of pharmacology.
- Development of new drugs and study phases. Clinical trial of drugs.
- Pharmacodynamics.
- Pharmacokinetics and factors that influence it. Drug interactions.
- Antibacterial chemotherapy.
- Antineoplastic chemotherapy.
- General principles of Target Therapy.
- Monoclonal antibodies.
- Treatment of pain inflammation. Glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, opioid analgesics.
- General principles of cardiovascular therapy.
- Medicines for the treatment of asthma and the treatment of anaphylactic shock.

- Bertram G. Katzung. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 15th edition, 2021.
- Slide sets provided by the teacher.

Introduction to psychiatry
• Notes on history of psychiatry
• Elements of psychopathology

The main psychiatric disorders and their treatment:
• Schizophrenia
• Mood disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Disorders associated with traumatic or stressful events
• Personality disorders
• Hysteria and disorders with somatic symptoms
• Eating disorders
• Substance Use Disorder and Behavioral Addictions

Legislation and organization of territorial psychiatric assistance

A Short Textbook of Psychiatry: 20th Year Edition by Niraj Ahuja, Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub