INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY AND HOMEOSTASIS: Description of physiological mechanisms. Structure-Function relationships of the body. Levels of organization in the body. Concept of Homeostasis. Positive and negative feedback circuits. Homeostatic Control Systems.
CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PLASMA MEMBRANE: Membrane transport of ions and molecules. Membrane potential and action potentials. Synapses and neuronal integration. Intercellular communication and signal transduction. Neurotransmitters.
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY: Motor unit, neuromuscular junctions. Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle contraction and mechanics. Physiology of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Functional organization of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: afferent and efferent divisions. Role of glia cells. Autonomic nervous system. Integrative functions of nervous system.
SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY: Visual system: anatomy of the visual system, the eyes, the photoreceptors, the retina, the connections between the eye and the brain, the coding of visual information in the retina, the extrastriate visual cortex, the associative visual cortex. Auditory system: ear anatomy, auditory pathway, perception of sound characteristics. Vestibular system: anatomy of the vestibular apparatus, receptor cells, the vestibular pathway. Olfactory System: anatomy of the olfactory system, transduction of olfactory information, perception of odors. Taste system: the anatomy of gustatory buttons and taste cells, the perception of gustatory information, the gustatory pathway.
MOTOR PHYSIOLOGY: General organization of the motor system. Spinal reflexes, walking, posture and equilibrium. Cortical control of movement. General characteristics and functional role of basal nuclei and cerebellum in motor modulation.
CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY: Anatomy and electrical activity of the heart. Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac output and its control. General principles of hemodynamics. Blood vessels and blood pressure. Features and functions of the blood. Plasma composition. Red blood cells and white blood cells. Blood group and Rhesus factor. Hemostasis. Coagulation phase and coagulation factors. Mechanisms of coagulation.
PHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: General principles of endocrinology. Principles of general functioning of hormones. Central and peripheral endocrine glands and their hormones. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis. Control of calcium and phosphate metabolism.
PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Respiratory anatomy and mechanic. Gas exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Control of respiration.
PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM: Elements of renal function: kidney and nephron. Glomerular filtration. Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Urinary tract. Ureter, bladder and urethra. Urine excretion and plasma clearance. Urination.
FLUID AND ACID-BASE BALANCE: Body-fluid compartments. Control of extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity by regulating salt and water balances. Sources of protons and consequences of variations of the concentration of protons. Chemical buffer systems. Respiratory and urinary control of pH.
PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Digestive tract and accessory digestive organs. General aspects of digestion. Secretory function of digestive system. Motility of digestive tract. Nutrient digestion and absorption. Hepatobiliary function.
THERMOREGULATION: heat production and loss, factors that regulate body temperature.

- Berne & Levy “Physiology”, 7th Edition
- Sherwood, “Human Physiology: From cells to Systems” 9th Edition.
- Guyton-Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY AND HOMEOSTASIS: Description of physiological mechanisms. Structure-Function relationships of the body. Levels of organization in the body. Concept of Homeostasis. Positive and negative feedback circuits. Homeostatic Control Systems.
CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PLASMA MEMBRANE: Membrane transport of ions and molecules. Membrane potential and action potentials. Synapses and neuronal integration. Intercellular communication and signal transduction. Neurotransmitters.
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY: Motor unit, neuromuscular junctions. Excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle contraction and mechanics. Physiology of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Functional organization of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: afferent and efferent divisions. Role of glia cells. Autonomic nervous system. Integrative functions of nervous system.
SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY: Visual system: anatomy of the visual system, the eyes, the photoreceptors, the retina, the connections between the eye and the brain, the coding of visual information in the retina, the extrastriate visual cortex, the associative visual cortex. Auditory system: ear anatomy, auditory pathway, perception of sound characteristics. Vestibular system: anatomy of the vestibular apparatus, receptor cells, the vestibular pathway. Olfactory System: anatomy of the olfactory system, transduction of olfactory information, perception of odors. Taste system: the anatomy of gustatory buttons and taste cells, the perception of gustatory information, the gustatory pathway.
MOTOR PHYSIOLOGY: General organization of the motor system. Spinal reflexes, walking, posture and equilibrium. Cortical control of movement. General characteristics and functional role of basal nuclei and cerebellum in motor modulation.
CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY: Anatomy and electrical activity of the heart. Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac output and its control. General principles of hemodynamics. Blood vessels and blood pressure. Features and functions of the blood. Plasma composition. Red blood cells and white blood cells. Blood group and Rhesus factor. Hemostasis. Coagulation phase and coagulation factors. Mechanisms of coagulation.
PHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: General principles of endocrinology. Principles of general functioning of hormones. Central and peripheral endocrine glands and their hormones. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis. Control of calcium and phosphate metabolism.
PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Respiratory anatomy and mechanic. Gas exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Control of respiration.
PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM: Elements of renal function: kidney and nephron. Glomerular filtration. Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Urinary tract. Ureter, bladder and urethra. Urine excretion and plasma clearance. Urination.
FLUID AND ACID-BASE BALANCE: Body-fluid compartments. Control of extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity by regulating salt and water balances. Sources of protons and consequences of variations of the concentration of protons. Chemical buffer systems. Respiratory and urinary control of pH.
PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Digestive tract and accessory digestive organs. General aspects of digestion. Secretory function of digestive system. Motility of digestive tract. Nutrient digestion and absorption. Hepatobiliary function.
THERMOREGULATION: heat production and loss, factors that regulate body temperature.

- Berne & Levy “Physiology”, 7th Edition
- Sherwood, “Human Physiology: From cells to Systems” 9th Edition.
- Guyton-Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition