The aim of the course is to provide the students with the adequate knowledge about epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the cardiac diseases, known to be the main cause of premature deaths. All the cardiovascular diseases, whether ischemic or of different ethiologies, are responsible for reduced quality of life, reduced physical capacity, disability and eventually death. Understanding the pathology and learning how to reach a timely diagnosis will help in achieving the best form of treatment, avoiding progressive worsening of the pathology and of the symptoms. Knowledge of the main diagnostic and/or therapeutic techniques most commonly used in clinical practice completes the course.
Moreover, the course provides to the students with the knowledge of diseases related to the extreme consequences of the main pathology linked to aging, namely atherosclerosis, is central to the training of the modern health worker. In fact, it is important to keep in mind the progressive increase in the average age and the progressive growth of the diabetic "pandemic", which is one of the most serious determinants of atherosclerosis. The knowledge, therefore the prevention and treatment, of peripheral vascular diseases is able to increase the average age of the population (e.g. by preventing the rupture of aortic aneurysms) and to improve their quality of life by avoiding their disability (p. e.g. preventing cerebrovascular accidents and lower limb loss due to gangrene). In recent years, there has been a steady growth in the demand for angiological training by General Medicine, as well as in the demand for mass diagnostic tests (such as ultrasound Doppler), and vascular specialists.
Finally, at the end of the course, the students must demonstrate that they have acquired adequate knowledge of the topics covered by the study program regarding the main clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of respiratory system diseases.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Knowledge of the basic principles of the course, mainly focusing on the diseases, their etiology and pathogenesis, their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. At the end of the course, the student will be able of:
• know the topics of the course
• know the principles of instrumental and differential diagnostics
• know the fundamental principles of the treatment of the pathologies studied

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Students must be able to apply their knowledge to the understanding and resolution/management of the studied diseases, also regarding new issues and broad and interdisciplinary contexts.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Students must be able to communicate their conclusions, knowledge and rationale concerning the studied diseases, integrating them with scientific language properties.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS
Students must have the ability to integrate knowledge and manage complexity, as well as to make
judgments based on the acquired information, including surgical indication and decision making.

LEARNING SKILLS
Students will develop those learning skills that allow them to continue to study mostly in a self- directed and autonomous way. More specifically, they should be able to collect, organize and critically interpret new scientific knowledge from the various resources and available databases, and identify their training needs, possibly planning self-training courses.