| Histology and embryology
(objectives)
The aim of Histology and Embryology classes is to provide students with knowledge on the physiological organization and development of cells and tissues. During the Histology lectures fundamentals of cytology are discussed for the full understanding of the organization of tissues and their development. The organization of cells and extracellular matrix and their association in the organization of the different tissues is illustrated and discussed, together with the standard histological procedures, including microscopy approaches (optics, fluorescence and electronics), as a tool for the study of structure and development of the human organism.
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Code
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90220 |
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Language
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ENG |
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Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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10
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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BIO/17
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Contact Hours
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100
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Massimiani Micol
(syllabus)
Elements of Cytology
Structural-functional organization of the eukaryotic cell.
Plasma membrane.
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi apparatus and vesicle trafficking.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes
Mitochondria.
Cytoskeleton and centrioles.
Nuclear membrane.
Nuclear matrix
Chromatin. Nucleolus.
Cell cycle regulation and cell death.
Histology
Introduction to tissues and their study.
Cell differentiation and histogenesis of tissues.
Epithelia.
Cell surface specializations and cell polarity.
Lining epithelia.
Glands (endocrine and exocrine).
Connective tissues: General structure and function of connective tissue; extracellular matrix, fibres, ground substance and cells.
Cartilage: Types of cartilage; chondrogenesis and cartilage growth.
Bone: Bone structure and function. Osteogenesis; bone remodelling and homeostasis.
Blood: plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets. Hemopoiesis.
Immune system and lymphatic organs.
Muscle tissues: structure and function of the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
Nervous tissue: Neurons. Neuroglia. Nerve fibres. Synapses. Neuro muscular junction.
Embryology
Spermatogenesis.
Hormonal control of spermatogenesis
Folliculogenesis and oogenesis
Hormonal control of folliculogenesis and oogenesis.
Ovarian & uterine cycles
Fertilization.
First week of development and implantation embryo.
Embryonic and adult stem cells, somatic cell reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells (iPS): concepts, definition and potentiality for tissue regeneration and repair.
Second week of development and the formation of embryonic disk.
Third week of development and the formation of primitive layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm.
The notochord and its role in embryo development.
Fourth week of development and the embryonic folding and body cavities.
Placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
ORGANOGENESIS. Development of:
- Intergumentary system
- Head and neck
- Oropharingeal apparatus
- Gut
- Respiratory system
- Urogenital system
- Skeleton and muscle system
- Nervous system
- Cardiovascular system.
Practical Histology
Through the use of the optic microscope students will have to identify histological specimens, describe their organization, and correlate structure with function, at cellular and tissue level. Histological specimens to be studied are:
• Simple boundary epithelium: squamous (mesothelium, endothelium), cuboidal (glandular ducts) and columnar (intestine) epithelia.
• Stratified boundary epithelium: squamous (esophagus) and keratinized squamous (epidermis) epithelia
• Pseudostratified epithelium (trachea)
• Transitional epithelium (ureter)
• Glandular epithelium: intraepithelial, unicellular glands (the goblet cell); examples of exocrine (salivary glands) and endocrine (thyroid, parathyroids) glands; exo/endocrine gland: the pancreas.
• Connective tissue: loose connective tissue (trachea, intestine and esophagus); dense irregular connective tissue (the skin); dense regular connective tissue (tendons).
• Supportive connective tissues: tracheal cartilage and compact bone (ground and H&E)
• Blood smear
• Lympho-epithelial tissue of the thymus
• Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissues
• Nerve tissue: section of the spinal cord
(reference books)
• Ross M.H. and W. Pawlina: Histology a text and atlas, sixth edition. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
• Schoenwolf, Bleyl, Bauer and Francis-West: Larsen's Human Embryology, fifth edition.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
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Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Written test
Oral exam
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Teacher
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Klinger Francesca
(syllabus)
Elements of Cytology
Structural-functional organization of the eukaryotic cell.
Plasma membrane.
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi apparatus and vesicle trafficking.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes
Mitochondria.
Cytoskeleton and centrioles.
Nuclear membrane.
Nuclear matrix
Chromatin. Nucleolus.
Cell cycle regulation and cell death.
Histology
Introduction to tissues and their study.
Cell differentiation and histogenesis of tissues.
Epithelia.
Cell surface specializations and cell polarity.
Lining epithelia.
Glands (endocrine and exocrine).
Connective tissues: General structure and function of connective tissue; extracellular matrix, fibres, ground substance and cells.
Cartilage: Types of cartilage; chondrogenesis and cartilage growth.
Bone: Bone structure and function. Osteogenesis; bone remodelling and homeostasis.
Blood: plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets. Hemopoiesis.
Immune system and lymphatic organs.
Muscle tissues: structure and function of the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
Nervous tissue: Neurons. Neuroglia. Nerve fibres. Synapses. Neuro muscular junction.
Embryology
Spermatogenesis.
Hormonal control of spermatogenesis
Folliculogenesis and oogenesis
Hormonal control of folliculogenesis and oogenesis.
Ovarian & uterine cycles
Fertilization.
First week of development and implantation embryo.
Embryonic and adult stem cells, somatic cell reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells (iPS): concepts, definition and potentiality for tissue regeneration and repair.
Second week of development and the formation of embryonic disk.
Third week of development and the formation of primitive layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm.
The notochord and its role in embryo development.
Fourth week of development and the embryonic folding and body cavities.
Placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
ORGANOGENESIS. Development of:
- Intergumentary system
- Head and neck
- Oropharingeal apparatus
- Gut
- Respiratory system
- Urogenital system
- Skeleton and muscle system
- Nervous system
- Cardiovascular system.
Practical Histology
Through the use of the optic microscope students will have to identify histological specimens, describe their organization, and correlate structure with function, at cellular and tissue level. Histological specimens to be studied are:
• Simple boundary epithelium: squamous (mesothelium, endothelium), cuboidal (glandular ducts) and columnar (intestine) epithelia.
• Stratified boundary epithelium: squamous (esophagus) and keratinized squamous (epidermis) epithelia
• Pseudostratified epithelium (trachea)
• Transitional epithelium (ureter)
• Glandular epithelium: intraepithelial, unicellular glands (the goblet cell); examples of exocrine (salivary glands) and endocrine (thyroid, parathyroids) glands; exo/endocrine gland: the pancreas.
• Connective tissue: loose connective tissue (trachea, intestine and esophagus); dense irregular connective tissue (the skin); dense regular connective tissue (tendons).
• Supportive connective tissues: tracheal cartilage and compact bone (ground and H&E)
• Blood smear
• Lympho-epithelial tissue of the thymus
• Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissues
• Nerve tissue: section of the spinal cord
(reference books)
• Ross M.H. and W. Pawlina: Histology a text and atlas, sixth edition. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
• Schoenwolf, Bleyl, Bauer and Francis-West: Larsen's Human Embryology, fifth edition.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
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Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Written test
Oral exam
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Teacher
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Lacconi Valentina
(syllabus)
Elements of Cytology
Structural-functional organization of the eukaryotic cell.
Plasma membrane.
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi apparatus and vesicle trafficking.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes
Mitochondria.
Cytoskeleton and centrioles.
Nuclear membrane.
Nuclear matrix
Chromatin. Nucleolus.
Cell cycle regulation and cell death.
Histology
Introduction to tissues and their study.
Cell differentiation and histogenesis of tissues.
Epithelia.
Cell surface specializations and cell polarity.
Lining epithelia.
Glands (endocrine and exocrine).
Connective tissues: General structure and function of connective tissue; extracellular matrix, fibres, ground substance and cells.
Cartilage: Types of cartilage; chondrogenesis and cartilage growth.
Bone: Bone structure and function. Osteogenesis; bone remodelling and homeostasis.
Blood: plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets. Hemopoiesis.
Immune system and lymphatic organs.
Muscle tissues: structure and function of the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
Nervous tissue: Neurons. Neuroglia. Nerve fibres. Synapses. Neuro muscular junction.
Embryology
Spermatogenesis.
Hormonal control of spermatogenesis
Folliculogenesis and oogenesis
Hormonal control of folliculogenesis and oogenesis.
Ovarian & uterine cycles
Fertilization.
First week of development and implantation embryo.
Embryonic and adult stem cells, somatic cell reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells (iPS): concepts, definition and potentiality for tissue regeneration and repair.
Second week of development and the formation of embryonic disk.
Third week of development and the formation of primitive layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm.
The notochord and its role in embryo development.
Fourth week of development and the embryonic folding and body cavities.
Placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
ORGANOGENESIS. Development of:
- Intergumentary system
- Head and neck
- Oropharingeal apparatus
- Gut
- Respiratory system
- Urogenital system
- Skeleton and muscle system
- Nervous system
- Cardiovascular system.
Practical Histology
Through the use of the optic microscope students will have to identify histological specimens, describe their organization, and correlate structure with function, at cellular and tissue level. Histological specimens to be studied are:
• Simple boundary epithelium: squamous (mesothelium, endothelium), cuboidal (glandular ducts) and columnar (intestine) epithelia.
• Stratified boundary epithelium: squamous (esophagus) and keratinized squamous (epidermis) epithelia
• Pseudostratified epithelium (trachea)
• Transitional epithelium (ureter)
• Glandular epithelium: intraepithelial, unicellular glands (the goblet cell); examples of exocrine (salivary glands) and endocrine (thyroid, parathyroids) glands; exo/endocrine gland: the pancreas.
• Connective tissue: loose connective tissue (trachea, intestine and esophagus); dense irregular connective tissue (the skin); dense regular connective tissue (tendons).
• Supportive connective tissues: tracheal cartilage and compact bone (ground and H&E)
• Blood smear
• Lympho-epithelial tissue of the thymus
• Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissues
• Nerve tissue: section of the spinal cord
(reference books)
• Ross M.H. and W. Pawlina: Histology a text and atlas, sixth edition. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
• Schoenwolf, Bleyl, Bauer and Francis-West: Larsen's Human Embryology, 5th edition.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
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Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Written test
Oral exam
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Teacher
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Campagnolo Luisa
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
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Attendance
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not mandatory
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