General pathology and physiopathology
(objectives)
Knowledge of the following objective will be essential: structure of different microorganisms, microbial pathogenicity, interactions between micro-organism and host, causes and mechanisms of onset of the main microbial aetiology diseases. In addition, knowledge of bacterial, viral, mycotic or protozoal infections of gynaecological and obstetric interest will be indispensable in order to identify potential clinical problems during professional activity. Moreover, the course introduces to the understanding of the mechanisms and phenomena that underlie human pathologies, in particular the changes in the state of health, the main exogenous and endogenous causes of disease, the fundamental mechanisms of disease and the biological mechanisms of defence, reaction to damage, regeneration and repair, as well as knowledge of the main aspects of the pathophysiology of organs and systems with particular reference to particular biological needs during pregnancy. The course’s aim is to allow the students 1) to learn on aspects of cell pathology and of the alterations of the integrated functions of tissues, organs, and systems, which may turn useful in the technical setting, and 2) to provide the knowledge of the main biomarkers for the evaluation of physiology and pathological conditions of the human body.
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Code
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90352 |
Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Module: General pathology
(objectives)
Knowledge of the origin and physiopathological mechanisms underlying the infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative and neoplastic processes of the human pathology. Knowledge of the environmental and genetic causes of the main human diseases and the study of the fundamental mechanisms of cellular and tissue damage of etiological agents and health changes. Knowledge of the disease status and the main causes of cellular and tissue damage; the reaction of the organism in response to cellular and tissue damage: the cellular adaptation processes and inflammation, with the related regeneration, healing and repair processes. The mechanisms underlying the development of tumor growths and the characteristics of neoplastic cells. The stages of the development of neoplasms and the differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.
The course is inserted within the general objectives of the study program in Obstetrician aimed at analysing the health problems of women in their biological-sexual cycle. In particular, the objectives of the course will be to know: the meaning of disease status and its pathological change;
the physical, chemical, genetic and biological factors that contribute to the onset of diseases;
the fundamental mechanisms of defence of the cells, tissues, organs and organism; the molecular and cellular basis of the inflammatory diseases; the fundamental stages of carcinogenesis and the role of genetic and environmental risk factors at the basis of the tumoral transformation; the molecular basis of benign and malignant tumors in humans, the main types of neoplasia and the classification criteria of tumors. The course will help to provide the student with tools that will enable him/her to improve the skills to communicate with other professional figures (doctors, nurses, psychologists) that will take care of the patient in a multidisciplinary approach. Finally, the student will be induced to ameliorate his/her skills for an independent study and will acquire the functional methodological tools for an autonomous update.
The program aims to understanding the etiology of diseases and the alterations of general functional control mechanisms in pathological conditions. At the end the student will be able to understand, describe and recognize the causes and reactions to biological damage, which are crucial in the repair or pathology process, with particular reference to the mechanisms of inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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3
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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MED/04
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Contact Hours
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42
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Nebbioso Angela
(syllabus)
Introduction to the study of General Pathology Definition of the state of health. The concept of homeostasis. Definition of disease Aspects of the morbid process: etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prognosis. Cellular pathology: cell damage and death Mechanism of cellular damage: free radical damage, hypoxia damage. Altered intracellular calcium homeostasis. Reversible cell damage. Irreversible cell damage.. Cell adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Degeneration. Cellular aging. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis Inflammation Definition and general characteristics. Acute inflammation or angiophlogosis. The vasculoematic phenomena of inflammation: hemodynamic modifications and exudate formation. Inflammatory mediators of tissue and plasma origin. Cellular response in inflammation: inflammation cells, chemotaxis and phagocytosis; histolesivity of inflammatory cell products. Outcomes of inflammation: chronicization, healing, abscess, fibrosis. Chronic inflammaton or histophlogosis. Causes of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation cells and mediators. Types of chronic inflammation.
(reference books)
Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale per corsi di laurea triennale G.M.Pontieri PICCIN; Patologia Generale e fisiopatologia, Celotti, Edises
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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Teacher
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Cardillo Andrea
(syllabus)
The concept of disease: the disease as an alteration of the normal state; the disease as a modification of the organism's homeostasis; illness as a loss of health. Morbid state. Syndrome. Etiology: the concept of "cause" in pathology. Pathogenesis. General etiology. Chemical causes (environmental pollutants). Physical causes (high and low temperatures, variations in atmospheric pressure). Feeding as a cause of illness. The cellular response to damage. Reversibility and irreversibility of cellular lesions. Cellular adaptation processes to injury (atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia) and hypoxia. Cell death. Necrosis, apoptosis and other types of cell death: morphological aspects, molecular mechanisms. Evaluation of cellular damage with serum-enzymatic techniques. Inflammation and repair of injuries. Innate immunity and acute inflammatory reaction: tissue, vascular, cellular and molecular aspects, systemic manifestations (leukocytosis, acute phase response, fever). Chronic inflammation: role of macrophages and lymphocytes, polarized responses of type 1 and 2, granulomas. The healing of tissue lesions: tissue, cellular and molecular aspects. Fibrogenesis, fibrosis and pathological aspects of tissue repair. General Oncology. The concept of neoplasia. Histogenetic and clinical classification criteria of benignity and malignancy. Tumor atypia. Cancer markers. Natural history of the tumor: dormant state, angiogenesis, infiltrative growth, metastasis. Metastatic pathways, metastasis organotropism. Chemical cause of tumors, experimental carcinogenesis, multi-phase carcinogenesis, concept of tumor progression. Physical cause of tumors: ionizing and exciting radiation, oncogenic DNA and RNA viruses. Cellular proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes. Regulation of normal and neoplastic proliferation. Genie that controls progression in the cell cycle and senescence. Genomic instability. Neoplastic cachexia. Epigenetic mechanisms altered in tumors. TNM classification.
(reference books)
Kumar, Abbas and Aster - Robbins and Cotran - Pathologic basis of disease. Elsevier. Pathology and General Physiopathology for the Degree courses in Health Professions (G.M. Pontieri, Piccin Edizioni).
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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Teacher
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D'Orazi Gabriella
(syllabus)
1) Body defenses against pathogens. The first (mechanical/physical barriers), second (innate immunity) and third line (specific immunity, cellular and antibodies) of defence. T and B lymphocytes; antigens and antibodies. The immunodeficiency. The autoimmune diseases. The allergies. Coombs test and RH group. Erythroblastosis fetalis.
2) Molecular mechanisms of tumoral transformation: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The causes of cancer including chemicals and biological carcinogenesis; the phenotype of the transformed cell; tumor classification; epidemiology and prevention; the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression and metastatization. The relationship between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Inflammation and cancer. Nutrition and cancer.
3) Pathology of haemostasis and coagulation. The platelet, hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic phases. The main disorders of haemostasis and coagulation. The main defects of the plasma and fibrinolytic (hemophilia) phases. Molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, formation of atheromatous plaque and related consequences; thrombosis; embolism; infarction; hypoxia and cyanosis; oedema. Mechanism of diabetes, classification and consequences.
(reference books)
To the students of this type of Study Program several texbooks are available: - G.M. Pontieri: Elementi di Patologia Generale per i Corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie. Ed. Piccin; - M. Parola. Patologia Generale ed Elementi di Fisiopatologia. Ed. EdiSES; - S.R. Lakhani, S.A. Dilly, C.J. Finlayson, M.Gandhi, L. Calorini, Ma. Del Rosso. Le basi della Patologia Generale. CEA – Cara Editrice Ambrosiana. Zanichelli. Other important tools for the individual preparation are represented, on the advice of the teacher, by the consultation of "Pubmed" database and/or of scientific papers, useful for an updated comprehension of the course. Further specific bibliographic indications can be provided directly by the teacher during the course. Any additional materials will be made available by the teacher to supplement the recommended texts and uploaded on the dedicated website.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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Module: Clinical pathology
(objectives)
Knowledge of the origin and physiopathological mechanisms underlying the infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative and neoplastic processes of the human pathology. Knowledge of the environmental and genetic causes of the main human diseases and the study of the fundamental mechanisms of cellular and tissue damage of etiological agents and health changes. Knowledge of the disease status and the main causes of cellular and tissue damage; the reaction of the organism in response to cellular and tissue damage: the cellular adaptation processes and inflammation, with the related regeneration, healing and repair processes. The mechanisms underlying the development of tumor growths and the characteristics of neoplastic cells. The stages of the development of neoplasms and the differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.
The course is inserted within the general objectives of the study program in Obstetrician aimed at analysing the health problems of women in their biological-sexual cycle. In particular, the objectives of the course will be to know: the meaning of disease status and its pathological change;
the physical, chemical, genetic and biological factors that contribute to the onset of diseases;
the fundamental mechanisms of defence of the cells, tissues, organs and organism; the molecular and cellular basis of the inflammatory diseases; the fundamental stages of carcinogenesis and the role of genetic and environmental risk factors at the basis of the tumoral transformation; the molecular basis of benign and malignant tumors in humans, the main types of neoplasia and the classification criteria of tumors. The course will help to provide the student with tools that will enable him/her to improve the skills to communicate with other professional figures (doctors, nurses, psychologists) that will take care of the patient in a multidisciplinary approach. Finally, the student will be induced to ameliorate his/her skills for an independent study and will acquire the functional methodological tools for an autonomous update.
The program aims to understanding the etiology of diseases and the alterations of general functional control mechanisms in pathological conditions. At the end the student will be able to understand, describe and recognize the causes and reactions to biological damage, which are crucial in the repair or pathology process, with particular reference to the mechanisms of inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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1
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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MED/05
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Contact Hours
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14
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Type of Activity
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Core compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Romeo Anna Claudia
(syllabus)
HEMATOLOGY AND HEMOSTASIS IN PREGNANCY Composition and functions of blood. Blood count and leukocyte formula. Red blood cells: physiology and pathology (anemia, hemoglobinopathies); Platelets and leukocytes; Evaluation parameters of iron metabolism, ferritin, transferrin. Iron deficiency, vit B12 deficiency and folate deficiency. Blood groups, maternal-fetal incompatibility. Hemostasis in pregnancy; evaluation of platelet function and of the fibrinolytic system; laboratory investigations for the definition of hypercoagulability states; diagnostic tests for poliabortivity. FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOLOGY: general characteristics of the immune system (components, functions, alterations); Immunity and inflammation. KIDNEY FUNCTION: Markers of kidney function: creatinine, creatinine clearance, azotemia, uric acid, electrolytes, complete urine test (chemical-physical and morphological). Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of eclampsia. LIVER FUNCTION Transaminases, bilirubin and others, LDH; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM Indicators of glucose metabolism: glucose, glucose tolerance curves; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Cholesterol, HDL triglycerides, LDL, apolipoproteins.
(reference books)
G. Federici- Medicina di laboratorio – Mc Grow Hill 2014, IV edizione G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale - Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie -Edizioni Piccin (4a Edizione, 2018). Gronowski, Ann M. (Ed.): Handbook of Clinical Laboratory Testing During Pregnancy (testo in lingua inglese) Joyce Le Fever Kee. Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing implications. (10 th Edition). PEARSON Editor Slides will be provided.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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Module: Microbiology and clinical microbiology
(objectives)
Knowledge of the following objective will be essential: structure of different microorganisms, microbial pathogenicity, interactions between micro-organism and host, causes and mechanisms of onset of the main microbial aetiology diseases. In addition, knowledge of bacterial, viral, mycotic or protozoal infections of gynaecological and obstetric interest will be indispensable in order to identify potential clinical problems during professional activity. These objectives will be achieved through frontal lectures, seminars and interactive teaching activities, designed to facilitate learning and improve the ability to address and solve the main questions of Clinical Microbiology.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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2
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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MED/07
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Contact Hours
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28
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Armenia Daniele
(syllabus)
Characteristics of the main infection agents. Vital associations: commensalism, mutualism, parasitism. Associated microbial flora. Generalities on infection diseases: infectious ratio, infection and disease, endogenous infection, exogenous infections, opportunistic infections. IMMUNOLOGY - Concept of innate immunity and acquired immunity. Role of the immune response in different infections. Survival of infection agents to immunity mechanisms. Principles of microbiological diagnostics. BATTERIOLOGY - The bacterial cell: structure and essential functions. Gram negative and Gram positive. The bacterial spore. Cultivation of bacteria: growth and development of bacterial populations. Elements of bacterial genetics: mutations and mechanisms of genetic recombination. Principles of pathogenicity and virulence. Bacterial toxins: exotoxins and endotoxins. Mode of action of the main antibacterial drugs. Resistance to chemotherapy and antibiotics. Main bacteria responsible for human infection diseases, with particular reference to diseases of obstetrical-gynecological and maternal-fetal district (gonorrhoea, syphilis, group B streptococci infection). VIROLOGY -Nature, methods of study and classification of viruses. Composition and architecture of the viral particle. Cultivation of viruses. Virus-cell relationship: productive infection, transforming infection. Virus-to-host relationships: acute, persistent, latent, slow infections. Pathogenic mechanisms in viral infections. Vaccines and basis of antiviral chemotherapy. Infections with the main sexually transmitted and vertically transmitted viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2), rubella virus and Parvovirus B19. MYCOLOGY -Habitat and morphology of fungi (yeasts, mycelial fungi). Fungal cell structure. Infections of the urogenital district by species of the genus Candida. PARASITOLOGY - The protozoa cell: morphology and structure. Main characteristics of Helminths and Arthropods. Protozoa of gynaecological interest: Toxoplasma gondii; Trichomonas vaginalis.
(reference books)
Title: The basics of Microbiology Authors: Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe Bruce D. Fisher
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Written test
Oral exam
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