Biology, applied physics, biochemistry
(objectives)
Aim of the teaching is to provide students with knowledge on the fundamentals of applied physics, biochemistry, medical genetics and biology necessary to the performance of their future activity. At the end of the course, the students will know the fundamental concepts of application of the Scientific Method to the study of biomedical phenomena (choice and measure of parameters, evaluation of errors), they will be able to describe physical phenomena of complex systems using suitable mathematical tools, they will know the scientific basis of medical procedures and principles of functioning of the equipment commonly used for diagnostics and therapeutics. Students will learn knowledge on the structure, function, and regulation of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins). To acquire basic knowledge on the main metabolic pathways and cycles with particular regard to carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Students will learn with knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases. Students will learn knowledge related to the physiological and morphological characteristics of cells, as functional units of living organisms. Another important goal is to utilize the experimental method to understand the biological mechanisms that regulate life and as a tool for the study of pathological processes.
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Code
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90348 |
Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Module: Biochemistry
(objectives)
The Biochemistry course aims to provide students with the biochemical basis necessary for understanding the relationship between structure and function of the main classes of biomolecules. The main objectives of the course are: to know and integrate the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; to know the mechanism of action of hormones and the modalities of regulation of some of them on the main metabolic pathways.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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1
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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BIO/10
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Contact Hours
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14
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Naviglio Silvio
(syllabus)
Amino acids. Protein. Generalities and functions. The peptide bond and the primary sequence, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Myoglobin, hemoglobin. Notes on Collagen. Enzymes. Role and mechanism of action of enzymes. Enzymatic regulation. Covalent regulation and allosteric regulation. Isoenzymes (LDH, CPK). Vitamins. Classification of structure and functions, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins, Vitamin D and calcium and phosphorous metabolism. Metabolism General concepts. Catabolic and anabolic pathways. Bioenergetics principles. ATP: biological structure and role. Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides, disaccharides. Reserve polysaccharides. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the diet. Glycolysis: stages and regulation. Krebs cycle: general concepts, regulation. Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain, outline. Energy balance of carbohydrate catabolism. Outlines on the pentose cycle and on gluconeogenesis. Glycogen metabolism. Metabolism of amino acids. Catabolism of diet proteins and digestive enzymes. Essential and non- essential amino acids. Amino acids as precursors of nitrogen compounds. Aminoacid catabolism: transamination and deamination, destiny of the carbon skeleton. Biosynthesis of urea. Structure and metabolism of lipids. Classification of lipids (cell lipids and reserve lipids, simple and complex lipids). Fatty acids: general structure and main fatty acids. Structure and function of triglycerides and phospholipids. Cholesterol. Digestion and absorption of lipids; plasma lipoproteins: structure and function. Lipolysis and degradation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of fatty acids. Essential fatty acids. Hormones. General definition, mechanism of action of various types of hormones (adrenaline, insulin and glucagon, estrogen, β-HCG).
(reference books)
David L Nelson Michael M Cox "Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry".
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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not mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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Module: Medical genetics
(objectives)
The aim of the course of Medical Genetics is to provide to students the knowledge on the main notions on inheritance of monogenic, chromosomal and multifactorial diseases. At the end of the course the student will be able to distinguish the main classes of genetic diseases and to recognize the modes of transmission of hereditary diseases.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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1
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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MED/03
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Contact Hours
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14
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Ciccacci Cinzia
(syllabus)
Basic Genetics: Definitions of Key Terms: gene, locus, allele, genotype, phenotype, haplotype, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, dominance, recessivity, codominance, mutation, polymorphism. Principles of Genetic Transmission: Mendel's Genetic Hypothesis, The Monohybrid and dihybrid Crosses, Segregation in Human Pedigrees, Blood groups Genetics Monogenic Inheritance Models: Autosomal inheritance,Autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked inheritance Genetic Risk calculation and pedigrees Chromosomes: Structure and Analysis, Chromosomes Pathologies Genomic Imprinting X-chromosome inactivation Mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial DNA, pattern of inheritance Multifactorial inheritance: polimorphisms, susceptibility genes, gene-environment interaction, association studies Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine Genetic tests and Counselling. Outlines
(reference books)
Lectures in pdf format will be provided to students. Recommended books: “Genetica in Medicina”, by Nussbaum, McInnes, Willard. Edises “Genetica Medica Essenziale” by Dallapiccola, Novelli. Ciceditore
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Written test
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Module: Applied physics
(objectives)
The Applied Physics module provides the basic knowledge of the principles of Physics necessary for understanding the functioning of the main systems that make up the human body and for the use of biomedical instrumentation, with particular attention to applications of interest for the degree course. In the teaching units, applications in the biomedical field will be preferred.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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1
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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FIS/07
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Contact Hours
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14
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Guerrisi MariaGiovanna
(syllabus)
APPLIED PHYSICS PHYSICAL QUANTITIES: Operational concept of physical quantity. Fundamental and derivative quantities. Scalar and vector quantities. Systems of measurement units. Measurement of physical quantities. Systematic errors and accidental errors. Sensitivity, precision of a measuring instrument. MOVEMENT: Velocity and acceleration as scalar quantities. Velocity and acceleration as vectors. THE FORCES: The concept of strength and the principle of inertia. The concept of mass is the second principle of dynamics. The weight force is the acceleration of gravity. The third principle of dynamics. Static balance of a material point. Balancing of a system of forces. Friction. Rigid bodies and centre of gravity. Moment of a force with respect to a point. Balance of a rigid body. Definition and equilibrium condition of a lever. Various types of leverage. Levers in the human body. WORK AND ENERGY: Work of a force. Work and kinetic energy. The concept of energy. Conservative forces (outline). Potential energy. LIQUIDS: Definition and unit of measurement of pressure. Density and specific weight. Forces acting on a volume of fluid at rest. Stevino Law. Pressure gauges. Pascal's law. THERMOMETRY and GAS: The concept of temperature. The centigrade temperature scale. Expansion thermometers. Clinical thermometer. Absolute temperature scale. The equation of state of perfect gases. HEAT AND INTERNAL ENERGY: The concept of quantity of heat. Heat measurement unit. Thermal capacity of a body and specific heat of a substance. Expression of the amount of heat exchanged by a body. The internal energy of a system. The first principle of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic transformations. State changes. Metabolic power. Energy value of food. Temperature control SOUND: wave phenomena. Elastic and electromagnetic waves. Nature of sound. Wavelength. Sound intensity. Technical applications and biological effects of ultrasound. Ultrasound in medical diagnostics. THE ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA: The electric charge. Conductors and insulators. Electric field and intensity of the electric field. Coulomb law. Unit of measurement of electric charges. Dielectric constant. Electrical potential and potential difference. Electric capacitors. Electric current and current intensity. The direct current. Energy considerations on electrical circuits. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance and resistivity. Resistance in series and in parallel. Internal resistance of a generator. The thermal energy connected with the Joule effect. Power absorbed by a device. Electrical Safety IONIZING RADIATION: Introduction to radiation. Radiation, radioactive decay, law of radioactive decay. Biological half-life. The most common decays and associated radiation. Interaction of radiation with matter and hints of dosimetry
(reference books)
Teacher notes • Gian Marco Contessa- Giuseppe Augusto Marzo; Fisica applicata alle scienze mediche- Casa Editrice Ambrosiano • Ezio Ragozzino, Elementi di Fisica per studenti di Scienze Biomediche –EdiSES - 2 ediz. • Paul Davidovits: Fisica per le professioni sanitarie- UTET.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Written test
Oral exam
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Module: Applied biology
(objectives)
The Biology module aims at providing the students with the morphological and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on both the descriptive aspects and the basic notions of biochemistry and cellular physiology required to understand the functions of the cell as a basic unit of living organisms. The objective of the course is the learning of the constructive logic of the biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter, the principles that govern the functioning of the different biological systems, the learning of the experimental method and its applications to the study of biological phenomena. Students will learn the unitary mechanisms that regulate cellular activities, gene expression and genetic material transmission.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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1
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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BIO/13
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Contact Hours
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14
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Pacini Laura
(syllabus)
Characteristic of living cells: Cellular theory. Classification principles of living organisms. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell models: classification and major structural differences. Cell Chemistry: Macromolecules: structure, shape and function Plasma membrane: properties and functions. Internal organization of the cell: Cellular compartments. Cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, ribosomes, smooth and rought endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes. The cytoskeleton. Microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments. Cilia and flagella. Centrioles and centrosomes. Energy conversion: Glycolysis, fermentation, cellular respiration, photosynthesis. (outline). Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, structure and function. Molecular basis of hereditary information: DNA replication. DNA repair and its correlation with human diseases. RNA, structure and function: Main types of cellular RNAs and differences with respect to DNA in terms of molecular size, stability and biological functions. Transcription and RNA maturation. Genetic Code and its properties. Protein synthesis: How cells read the genome. Cellular Reproduction, Mitosis and Meiosis.
(reference books)
Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Hacker. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica Zanichelli editore, V ed. Raven, Johnson, Mason, Losos, Singer. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica Piccin editore II ed
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Written test
Oral exam
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