Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of Linac
The teaching program will address the following topics: Definitions; Electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation and consequent radiobiological effect on neoplastic tissues and normal tissues; Beams of photons and electrons of different energy and characteristics of the action on the surface and in depth; Definition of volumes in radiotherapy; Dose fractionation and treatment techniques; Toxicity; Examples of treatment in various organ pathologies.
Radiotherapy equipment: introduction to the use of dedicated machines
The teaching program will address the following topics: explanation of the problems inherent in the different phases of the path of the cancer patient candidate for radiation treatment, deepening those concerning treatment planning and delivery both for 3D techniques and for ultra-conformed and volumetric ones.
General principles of oncological radiotherapy
The teaching program will address the following topics: radiotherapy, therapeutic purposes and integrations.
Therapeutic process in the treatment planning phase
The teaching program will address the following topics: Isotac and isocenter; Contouring and co-registration; Volumes according to ICRU 50 (treatment volume and irradiated volume); Principles of 3D planning and inverse planning (IMRT-VMAT); Acute tissues and late responders (toxicity); Organs in series and organs in parallel; DVH and Dose Constraints; Clinical evaluations of treatment plans.
Therapeutic process in the therapy phase
The teaching program will address the following topics: Evolution of the IGRT concept; Interfraction and intra-fraction control systems; Tracking systems; Concepts of adaptive and application methods.
Special techniques
The teaching program will address the following topics: Interventional Radiotherapy, techniques and clinical indications; Definition of IMRT (Step & shoot / Sliding windows); Cranial and extracranial stereotaxia (SRT / SBRT); Respiratory Gating; MRI hybrid radiotherapy equipment.

Radiation Therapy Study Guide: A Radiation Therapist's Review by Amy Heath. Springer, 2016
Additional:
Mosby’s Radiation Therapy Study Guide and Exam Review by Leia Levy. Elsevier 2020.
Elementi di Radioterapia Oncologica. Manuale per tecninici sanitari di radiologia medica. Balducci M, Cellini F, Cornacchione P, D’Angelillo R, Mattiucci GC, Pasini D. Società Editrice Universo, 2013.

• Extra-vascular interventional Radiology
• CT- GUIDED procedures
• MR – GUIDED procedures
• Biopsies
• Urinary tract intervention
• Biliary tract intervention
• Liver oncological treatments
• Lung oncological treatments
• Kidney oncological treatments

Kandarpa – Interventional Radiology Manual Book

• Basic physics of nuclear medicine
• Types of scintigraphy
• Lung scintigraphy
• Lymphoscintigraphy
• Gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy
• Meckel scintigraphy
• Bone Scintigraphy in Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia
• Ocreotide scintigraphy
• PET physics and instrumentation
• PET image reconstruction, processing and quantitation
• PET imaging artifacts and correction techinques
• Scientific and Clinical basis of PET applications

Linee guida AIMN: https://www.aimn.it/site/page/attivita/linee-guida
EANM Technologist Guide: https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide
Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Technology and Techniques – Paul E.Christian ; Kristen M. Waterstram-Rich

linear accelerator, linear accelerator with cone-beam ct system, iort, brachitherapia, simulator, mobile laser, immobilization systems, cerebral stereotassic treatment, cerebral treatment, tumor treatment of the respiratory system, breast treatment, breast treatment, breast treatment treatment of the digestive apparatus, treatment of the prostate and urinary system, treatment of cutaneous injuries, metastase ratement, treatment planning system (tps), digital reformat reconstruction (drr) and with beam-ct, detection of target target and contour (gtv) ctv-ptv), fusion of images, 2d, conformational (3d) and imrt treatment, isodose curve, disomogenization and dosage surface (bolus)

External beam therapy, Peter Hoskin, Oxford

Material provided by the teacher.

1. introduction to nuclear medicine / molecular imaging methodologies
2. organization and management of a Nuclear Medicine department (environments, equipment, roles and functions);
3. Nuclear Medicine Equipment (gamma camera, PET and SPECT)
4. Main applications in diagnostics and therapy (according to international protocols and guidelines)
5. Radiopharmaceuticals, quality controls, good preparation practices, waste disposal

• Calabria F., Schillaci O. (Ed.) Radiopharmaceuticals: A Guide to PET/CT and PET/MRI, Milano, Springer, 2019
• Volterrani, D., Erba, P.A., Carrio, I., Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Nuclear Medicine Textbook, Milano, Spinger, 2019
• Assadi, Majid, Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat, Biersack, Hans-Jürgen, Principles of Nuclear Medicine, Milano, Springer, 2018
and
• material written by the professor, referring to the lessons
• consultation of documents and free resources produced by the European scientific societies of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy Guidelines & Recommendations or free content to download
• for example:
European Society of Radiology
https://www.myesr.org/publications/guidelines-and-recommendations,
European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)
https://www.eanm.org/publications/technologists-guide/

PARALLEL IMAGE

DIFFUSION

TRACTOGRAPHY

VASCULAR MRI WITH AND WITHOUT MDC

FUNCTIONAL MRI

PERFUSION IN MRI AND CT

CARDIO RM

CARDIO TC (Outline of the Cardio study in Nuclear Medicine)

VASCULAR STUDIES IN TC

1. MRI from Picture to Proton---------------Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-64323-9 — MRI from Picture to Proton Donald W. McRobbie , Elizabeth A. Moore , Martin J. Graves , Martin R. Prince Frontmatter



2. Multislice CT------------------Konstantin Nikolaou · Fabian Bamberg  Andrea Laghi · Geoffrey D. Rubin Editors Medical Radiology · Diagnostic Imaging Series Editors: H.-U. Kauczor · P. M. Parizel · W. C. G. Peh