General pathology and physiopathology
(objectives)
Knowledge of the following objective will be essential: structure of different microorganisms, microbial pathogenicity, interactions between micro-organism and host, causes and mechanisms of onset of the main microbial aetiology diseases. In addition, knowledge of bacterial, viral, mycotic or protozoal infections of gynaecological and obstetric interest will be indispensable in order to identify potential clinical problems during professional activity. Moreover, the course introduces to the understanding of the mechanisms and phenomena that underlie human pathologies, in particular the changes in the state of health, the main exogenous and endogenous causes of disease, the fundamental mechanisms of disease and the biological mechanisms of defence, reaction to damage, regeneration and repair, as well as knowledge of the main aspects of the pathophysiology of organs and systems with particular reference to particular biological needs during pregnancy. The course’s aim is to allow the students 1) to learn on aspects of cell pathology and of the alterations of the integrated functions of tissues, organs, and systems, which may turn useful in the technical setting, and 2) to provide the knowledge of the main biomarkers for the evaluation of physiology and pathological conditions of the human body.
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Code
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90352 |
Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Module: General pathology
(objectives)
The program aims to understanding the etiology of diseases and the alterations of general functional control mechanisms in pathological conditions. At the end the student will be able to understand, describe and recognize the causes and reactions to biological damage, which are crucial in the repair or pathology process, with particular reference to the mechanisms of immunity, inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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3
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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MED/04
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Contact Hours
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42
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Nebbioso Angela
(syllabus)
Introduction to the study of General Pathology Definition of the state of health. The concept of homeostasis. Definition of disease Aspects of the morbid process: etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prognosis. Cellular pathology: cell damage and death Mechanism of cellular damage: free radical damage, hypoxia damage. Altered intracellular calcium homeostasis. Reversible cell damage. Irreversible cell damage. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis. Cell adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Degeneration. Cellular aging. Hereditary diseases Genetic mutations. Hereditary and non-hereditary congenital diseases. Autosomal dominant and recessive diseases. Multifactorial inheritance. Sex-linked inheritance. Karyotype alterations. Inflammation Definition and general characteristics. Acute inflammation or angiophlogosis. The vasculoematic phenomena of inflammation: hemodynamic modifications and exudate formation. Inflammatory mediators of tissue and plasma origin. Cellular response in inflammation: inflammation cells, chemotaxis and phagocytosis; histolesivity of inflammatory cell products. Outcomes of inflammation: chronicization, healing, abscess, fibrosis. Chronic inflammaton or histophlogosis. Causes of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation cells and mediators. Types of chronic inflammation. Wound repair. Factors that influence healing. Systemic effects of inflammation. Pathophysiology of thermoregulation Temperature control. Thermodispersive and thermoconservative response. Thermoregulatory centers. Non-febrile hyperthermia. Feverish hyperthermia. Fever therapy. Tumors Definition. Etiology and pathogenesis. Nomenclature, classification, staging of tumors. Neoplastic invasiveness and metastasis. The carcinogenesis process. Oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Epigenetics and tumors. Immunity and Immunopathology Difference in the organism: mechanical chemical barriers, non-specific immunity factors, specific immunity factors. Immune system cells. Cellular and humoral immunity. Antigens and antibodies. Stages of the specific immune response: antigen recognition, lymphocyte activation, effector phase of the immune response, elimination of the antigen. Autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivity, immunodeficiency. Hematopoiesis Constitution of the blood. Hematopoiesis and its regulation. Hemoglobin. Anemias and polycythemias Definition of anemia. Excess blood loss anemias. Insufficient erythropoiesis anemias. Megaloblastic anemias. Anemias due to impaired hematopoietic cell maturation. Hereditary defects anemias of hemoglobin synthesis: hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias. Hemolytic anemias. Polycythemia. Leukemia Definition. Pathophysiology. Diagnosis. Criteria for the classification of acute and chronic leukemias. Pathophysiology of hemostasis. The hemostatic process. Components of hemostasis and their role. Stages of the hemostatic process. The role of platelets in hemostasis and in the stages of the platelet response. The coagulation process, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin recorded. The fibrinolytic system. The control system. Pathologies of hemostasis from vascular changes. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis. Coagulation defects. Thrombosis. Pathophysiology of the liver Morphological aspects of the liver and biliary tract. Related aspects of the liver. Jaundices. Liver failure. Liver function tests. Main diseases of the biliary tract. Pathophysiology of the kidney Morphological aspects of the kidney. Glomerular ultrafiltration and its alterations. Tubukare resorption. Tubular secretion / excretion. Urine formation Kidney disease.
(reference books)
• “Elementi di Patologia generale e Fisiopatologia generale” – G.M.Pontieri – Piccin • “Patologia generale” – B. Moncharmont et al. – Idelson-Gnocchi. • “Patologia generale e fisiopatologia” – Fabio Celotti – Edises.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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Module: Clinical pathology
(objectives)
To Provide the student with the knowledge of the main biomarkers for the evaluation of physiology and pathological conditions of the human body.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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1
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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MED/05
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Contact Hours
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14
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Type of Activity
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Core compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Romeo Anna Claudia
(syllabus)
How to use biomarkers; biomarkers in clinical practice. HEMATOLOGY AND HEMOSTASIS IN PREGNANCY Composition and functions of blood. Blood count and leukocyte formula. Red blood cells: physiology and pathology (anemia, hemoglobinopathies); Platelets and leukocytes; Evaluation parameters of iron metabolism, ferritin, transferrin. Iron deficiency, vit B12 deficiency and folate deficiency. Blood groups, maternal-fetal incompatibility. Hemostasis in pregnancy; evaluation of platelet function and of the fibrinolytic system; laboratory investigations for the definition of hypercoagulability states; diagnostic tests for poliabortivity. FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOLOGY: general characteristics of the immune system (components, functions, alterations); Immunity and inflammation. KIDNEY FUNCTION: Markers of kidney function: creatinine, creatinine clearance, azotemia, uric acid, electrolytes, complete urine test (chemical-physical and morphological). Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of eclampsia. LIVER FUNCTION Transaminases, bilirubin and others, LDH; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM Indicators of glucose metabolism: glucose, glucose tolerance curves; laboratory tests for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Cholesterol, HDL triglycerides, LDL, apolipoproteins.
(reference books)
G. Federici- Medicina di laboratorio – Mc Grow Hill 2014, IV edizione G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia e Fisiopatologia Generale - Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie -Edizioni Piccin (4a Edizione, 2018). Gronowski, Ann M. (Ed.): Handbook of Clinical Laboratory Testing During Pregnancy (testo in lingua inglese) Joyce Le Fever Kee. Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing implications. (10 th Edition). PEARSON Editor Slides will be provided.
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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Evaluation methods
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Oral exam
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Module: Microbiology and clinical microbiology
(objectives)
Knowledge of the following objective will be essential: structure of different microorganisms, microbial pathogenicity, interactions between micro-organism and host, causes and mechanisms of onset of the main microbial aetiology diseases. In addition, knowledge of bacterial, viral, mycotic or protozoal infections of gynaecological and obstetric interest will be indispensable in order to identify potential clinical problems during professional activity. These objectives will be achieved through frontal lectures, seminars and interactive teaching activities, designed to facilitate learning and improve the ability to address and solve the main questions of Clinical Microbiology.
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Language
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ITA |
Type of certificate
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Profit certificate
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Credits
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2
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Scientific Disciplinary Sector Code
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MED/07
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Contact Hours
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28
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Type of Activity
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Basic compulsory activities
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Teacher
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Armenia Daniele
(syllabus)
Characteristics of the main infection agents. Vital associations: commensalism, mutualism, parasitism. Associated microbial flora. Generalities on infection diseases: infectious ratio, infection and disease, endogenous infection, exogenous infections, opportunistic infections. IMMUNOLOGY - Concept of innate immunity and acquired immunity. Role of the immune response in different infections. Survival of infection agents to immunity mechanisms. Principles of microbiological diagnostics. BATTERIOLOGY - The bacterial cell: structure and essential functions. Gram negative and Gram positive. The bacterial spore. Cultivation of bacteria: growth and development of bacterial populations. Elements of bacterial genetics: mutations and mechanisms of genetic recombination. Principles of pathogenicity and virulence. Bacterial toxins: exotoxins and endotoxins. Mode of action of the main antibacterial drugs. Resistance to chemotherapy and antibiotics. Main bacteria responsible for human infection diseases, with particular reference to diseases of obstetrical-gynecological and maternal-fetal district (gonorrhoea, syphilis, group B streptococci infection). VIROLOGY -Nature, methods of study and classification of viruses. Composition and architecture of the viral particle. Cultivation of viruses. Virus-cell relationship: productive infection, transforming infection. Virus-to-host relationships: acute, persistent, latent, slow infections. Pathogenic mechanisms in viral infections. Vaccines and basis of antiviral chemotherapy. Infections with the main sexually transmitted and vertically transmitted viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2), rubella virus and Parvovirus B19. MYCOLOGY -Habitat and morphology of fungi (yeasts, mycelial fungi). Fungal cell structure. Infections of the urogenital district by species of the genus Candida. PARASITOLOGY - The protozoa cell: morphology and structure. Main characteristics of Helminths and Arthropods. Protozoa of gynaecological interest: Toxoplasma gondii; Trichomonas vaginalis.
(reference books)
Title: The basics of Microbiology Authors: Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe Bruce D. Fisher
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Dates of beginning and end of teaching activities
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From to |
Delivery mode
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Traditional
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Attendance
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Mandatory
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